Perleidiformes are an

extinct Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and ...

order Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood * Heterarchy, a system of organization wherein the elements have the potential to be ranked a number of d ...

of prehistoric

ray-finned fish Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fishes, is a class of bony fish. They comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. The ray-finned fishes are so called because their fins are webs of skin supported by bony or hor ...

from the

Triassic The Triassic ( ) is a geologic period and system which spans 50.6 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.36 Mya. The Triassic is the first and shortest period ...

period Although numerous Triassic taxa have been referred to Perleidiformes, which ones should be included for it to form a

monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...

group is a matter of ongoing scientific debate. Chaohuperleidus

Classification

** Family † Cleithrolepididae Wade 1935 corrig. leithrolepidae Wade 1935; Hydropessidae Hutchinson 1973*** Genus †''

Hydropessum ''Hydropessum'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the Early Triassic epoch. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: ...

'' Broom 1909 *** Genus †'' Cleithrolepidina'' Berg 1955 *** Genus †''

Cleithrolepis ''Cleithrolepis'' is an extinct genus of ray-finned fish from the Triassic. The genus grew to about long. It had a weak lower jaw with teeth only at the tip. ''Cleithrolepis'' lived in rivers, billabongs and lakes in the large braided river sy ...

'' Egerton 1864 *** Genus †''

Dipteronotus ''Dipteronotus'' is an extinct genus of stem group, stem-neopterygian Actinopterygii, ray-finned fish that existed during the Triassic period (geology), period in what is now Europe. As a typical feature, it had several ridge scales in front of ...

'' Egerton 1864 ** Suborder †Cephaloxenoidei Lehman 1966 *** Family † Cephaloxenidae Brough 1939 **** Genus †''

Cephaloxenus ''Cephaloxenus'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the early Ladinian stage of the Middle Triassic epoch. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List o ...

'' Brough 1939 ** Suborder †Perleidoidei *** Family †

Platysiagidae Platysiagidae is an extinct family of stem-neopterygian ray-finned fish which lived from the Early Triassic to the Early Jurassic. It includes the genera ''Helmolepis'', ''Platysiagum'' and possibly '' Caelatichthys''. The family was formerly pl ...

Brough 1939 sensu Neuman & Mutter 2005 **** Genus †'' Caelatichthys'' Lombardo 2002 **** Genus †''

Helmolepis ''Helmolepis'' is an extinct genus of ray-finned fish that lived during the Early Triassic epoch in what is now Greenland, Madagascar and Canada (British Columbia). Species of ''Helmolepis'' are small (between and ). This genus is closely relat ...

'' Stensiö 1932 **** Genus †''

Platysiagum ''Platysiagum'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish belonging to the family Platysiagidae. Fossils are known from the Middle Triassic of China and Italy and the Early Jurassic of England. See also * Prehistoric fish The evoluti ...

'' Egerton 1872 *** Family † Polzbergiidae Griffin 1977 **** Genus †'' Luopingichthys'' Sun et al. 2009 **** Genus †''

Serrolepis ''Serrolepis'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish. It was a highly-specialized small stem-neopterygian with strong jaws and a short head. Body shape is variable and known material appears to fall within several size classes & two morph ...

'' Quenstedt 1852 ex Dames 1888 **** Genus †''

Ctenognathichthys ''Ctenognathichthys'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the early Ladinian stage of the Middle Triassic epoch. It was a small fish measuring long. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish A ''l ...

'' Burgin 1992 **** Genus †'' Stoppania'' Lombardo, Rusconi & Tintori 2008 **** Genus †'' Polzbergia'' Griffith 1977 **** Genus †'' Felberia'' Lombardo & Tintori 2004 *** Family †

Gabanellidae Gabanellia is an extinct genus of ray-finned fish from the Late Triassic The Triassic ( ) is a geologic period and system which spans 50.6 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of t ...

Tintori & Lombardo 1996 **** Genus †'' Gabanellia'' Tintori & Lombardo 1996 *** Family † Aetheodontidae Brough 1939 **** Genus †'' Aetheodontus'' Brough 1939 *** Family †

Colobodontidae Colobodontidae is an extinct family of marine stem-neopterygian fish known from the Middle to Late Triassic of Asia and Europe. As currently defined, it contains three genera: '' Colobodus'', '' Crenilepis'' and '' Feroxichthys''. The colobodont ...

Andersson 1916 sterodontidae Jordan 1923**** Genus †'' Albertonia'' Gardiner 1966 **** Genus †'' Boreichthys'' Selezneva 1982 **** Genus †'' Cenchrodus'' von Meyer 1847 **** Genus †'' Chrotichthys'' Wade 1940 **** Genus †'' Crenilepis'' Dames 1888 Crenilepoides'' Strand 1929">Crenolepis.html" ;"title="'Crenolepis">Crenilepoides'' Strand 1929**** Genus †''Dollopterus">Crenolepis">Crenilepoides'' Strand 1929">Crenolepis.html" ;"title="'Crenolepis">Crenilepoides'' Strand 1929**** Genus †''Dollopterus'' Abel 1906 [''Dolichopterus'' Compter 1891 non Hall 1859 non Murray 1870] **** Genus †''Engycolobodus'' Oertle 1927 **** Genus †''Hemilopas'' von Meyer 1847 **** Genus †'' Manlietta'' Wade 1935 **** Genus †'' Meidiichthys'' Borough 1931 **** Genus †'' Meridensia'' Stensiö 1916 **** Genus †'' Nephrotus'' Meyer 1849 'Omphalodus'' Meyer 1847; ''Eupleurodus">Omphalodus.html" ;"title="'Omphalodus">'Omphalodus'' Meyer 1847; ''Eupleurodus'' Gürich, 1884] **** Genus †''Pristisomus'' Woodward 1890 **** Genus †'' Procheirichthys'' Wade 1935 **** Genus †'' Zeuchthiscus'' Wade 1940 **** Genus †'' Colobodus'' Agassiz 1844 Asterodon'' Münster, 1841">Asterodon_(fish).html" ;"title="'Asterodon (fish)">Asterodon'' Münster, 1841 *** Family †Pseudobeaconiidae López-Arbarello & Zavattieri 2008 **** Genus †''Caminchaia'' Rusconi 1946a **** Genus †''Echentaia'' Rusconi 1946 **** Genus †''Pasambaya'' Rusconi 1946a **** Genus †'' Anatoia'' Rusconi 1946a **** Genus †'' Pseudobeaconia'' Bordas 1944 *** Family †

Perleididae Perleidiformes are an extinct order (biology), order of prehistoric ray-finned fish from the Triassic period (geology), period Although numerous Triassic taxa have been referred to Perleidiformes, which ones should be included for it to form a mo ...

Brough 1931 uyuanperleididae Sun et al. 2012**** Genus †'' Altisolepis'' Mutter & Herzog 2004 **** Genus †'' Alvinia'' Sytchevskaya 1999 non Monterosato 1884 **** Genus †'' Chaohuperleidus'' Sun et al., 2013 **** Genus †'' Daninia'' Lombardo 2001 **** Genus †'' Diandongperleidus'' Geng et al. 2012 **** Genus †'' Endennia'' Lombardo & Brambillasca 2005 **** Genus †'' Fuyuanperleidus'' Geng et al. 2012 **** Genus †'' Luopingperleidus'' Geng et al. 2012 **** Genus †'' Megaperleidus'' Sytchevskaya 1999 **** Genus †'' Mendocinichthys'' Whitley 1953 'Mendocinia'' Bordas 1944 non Jensen-Haarup 1920">Mendocinia.html" ;"title="'Mendocinia">'Mendocinia'' Bordas 1944 non Jensen-Haarup 1920**** Genus †''Paraperleidus'' Zhao & Liu 2007 **** Genus †'' Peltoperleidus'' Bürgin et al. 1991 **** Genus †'' Plesioperleidus'' Su & Li 1983 sensu Tong et al. 2006 ['' Zhangina'' Liu 2002] **** Genus †''

Perleidus ''Perleidus'' is an extinct genus of ray-finned fish from the Triassic period. Fossils have been found in the Middle Triassic of Italy, Switzerland, and China. The inclusion of Early Triassic species in the genus ''Perleidus'' was questioned. ...

'' De Alessandri 1910 sensu Lombardo et al. 2011

Timeline of genera

ImageSize = width:1000px height:auto barincrement:15px PlotArea = left:10px bottom:50px top:10px right:10px Period = from:-251 till:-190 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5 start:-251 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:-251 TimeAxis = orientation:hor AlignBars = justify Colors = #legends id:CAR value:claret id:ANK value:rgb(0.4,0.3,0.196) id:HER value:teal id:HAD value:green id:OMN value:blue id:black value:black id:white value:white id:mesozoic value:rgb(0.54,0.54,0.258) id:triassic value:rgb(0.51,0.17,0.57) id:earlytriassic value:rgb(0.6,0.22,0.61) id:middletriassic value:rgb(0.73,0.53,0.71) id:latetriassic value:rgb(0.78,0.65,0.8) id:jurassic value:rgb(0.2,0.7,0.79) id:earlyjurassic value:rgb(0,0.69,0.89) id:middlejurassic value:rgb(0.52,0.81,0.91) id:latejurassic value:rgb(0.74,0.89,0.97) id:cretaceous value:rgb(0.5,0.78,0.31) id:earlycretaceous value:rgb(0.63,0.78,0.65) id:latecretaceous value:rgb(0.74,0.82,0.37) BarData= bar:eratop bar:space bar:periodtop bar:space bar:NAM1 bar:NAM2 bar:NAM3 bar:NAM4 bar:NAM5 bar:NAM6 bar:NAM7 bar:NAM8 bar:NAM9 bar:NAM10 bar:NAM11 bar:NAM12 bar:NAM13 bar:NAM14 bar:NAM15 bar:NAM16 bar:NAM17 bar:NAM18 bar:NAM19 bar:NAM20 bar:NAM21 bar:NAM22 bar:NAM23 bar:NAM24 bar:NAM25 bar:NAM26 bar:space bar:period bar:space bar:era PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25 shift:(7,-4) bar:periodtop from: -251 till: -249.7 color:earlytriassic text: Ind. from: -249.7 till: -245 color:earlytriassic text: Olenekian from: -245 till: -237 color:middletriassic text:

Anisian In the geologic timescale, the Anisian is the lower stage or earliest age of the Middle Triassic series or epoch and lasted from million years ago until million years ago. The Anisian Age succeeds the Olenekian Age (part of the Lower Triassic Ep ...

from: -237 till: -228 color:middletriassic text:

Ladinian The Ladinian is a stage and age in the Middle Triassic series or epoch. It spans the time between Ma and ~237 Ma (million years ago). The Ladinian was preceded by the Anisian and succeeded by the Carnian (part of the Upper or Late Triassic). ...

from: -228 till: -216.5 color:latetriassic text: Carnian from: -216.5 till: -203.6 color:latetriassic text:

Norian The Norian is a division of the Triassic Period. It has the rank of an age (geochronology) or stage (chronostratigraphy). It lasted from ~227 to million years ago. It was preceded by the Carnian and succeeded by the Rhaetian. Stratigraphic defi ...

from: -203.6 till: -199.6 color:latetriassic text:

Rhaetian The Rhaetian is the latest age of the Triassic Period (in geochronology) or the uppermost stage of the Triassic System (in chronostratigraphy). It was preceded by the Norian and succeeded by the Hettangian (the lowermost stage or earliest age ...

bar:eratop from: -251 till: -245 color:earlytriassic text:

Early Triassic The Early Triassic is the first of three epochs of the Triassic Period of the geologic timescale. It spans the time between Ma and Ma (million years ago). Rocks from this epoch are collectively known as the Lower Triassic Series, which is a un ...

from: -245 till: -228 color:middletriassic text:

Middle Triassic In the geologic timescale, the Middle Triassic is the second of three epochs of the Triassic period or the middle of three series in which the Triassic system is divided in chronostratigraphy. The Middle Triassic spans the time between Ma and ...

from: -228 till: -199.6 color:latetriassic text:

Late Triassic The Late Triassic is the third and final epoch (geology), epoch of the Triassic geologic time scale, Period in the geologic time scale, spanning the time between annum, Ma and Ma (million years ago). It is preceded by the Middle Triassic Epoch ...

PlotData= align:left fontsize:M mark:(line,white) width:5 anchor:till align:left color:earlytriassic bar:NAM1 from: -251 till: -249.7 text: Chrotichthys color:earlytriassic bar:NAM2 from: -251 till: -245 text: Zeuchthiscus color:earlytriassic bar:NAM3 from: -251 till: -245 text:

Tripelta ''Tripelta'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the Early Triassic epoch. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: Pe ...

color:earlytriassic bar:NAM4 from: -251 till: -245 text: Plesioperleidus color:earlytriassic bar:NAM5 from: -251 till: -245 text: Meidiichthys color:earlytriassic bar:NAM6 from: -251 till: -245 text:

color:earlytriassic bar:NAM7 from: -251 till: -245 text:

color:earlytriassic bar:NAM8 from: -251 till: -245 text: Boreichthys color:earlytriassic bar:NAM9 from: -250.13 till: -239.67 text: Saurichthyes color:earlytriassic bar:NAM10 from: -249.7 till: -216.5 text:

color:earlytriassic bar:NAM11 from: -249.7 till: -216.5 text:

color:earlytriassic bar:NAM12 from: -249.7 till: -203.6 text:

Thoracopterus ''Thoracopterus'' is an extinct genus of overwater gliding ray-finned fish. It was common to the late Middle Triassic and Late Triassic epochs in what is now Europe and China. ''Thoracopterus'' had elongate pectoral fins, similar to modern Exo ...

color:earlytriassic bar:NAM13 from: -249.7 till: -199.6 text: Colobodus color:middletriassic bar:NAM14 from: -245 till: -237 text:

Dollopterus ''Dollopterus'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the Anisian stage of the Middle Triassic epoch. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists ...

color:middletriassic bar:NAM15 from: -245 till: -237 text: Crenolepis color:middletriassic bar:NAM16 from: -245 till: -237 text:

color:middletriassic bar:NAM17 from: -245 till: -234 text: Meridensia color:middletriassic bar:NAM18 from: -245 till: -228 text: Procheirichthys color:middletriassic bar:NAM19 from: -237 till: -234 text: Peltoperleidus color:middletriassic bar:NAM20 from: -237 till: -234 text: Luganoia color:middletriassic bar:NAM21 from: -237 till: -234 text:

color:middletriassic bar:NAM22 from: -237 till: -234 text:

Besania ''Besania'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the early Ladinian stage of the Middle Triassic epoch. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lis ...

color:middletriassic bar:NAM23 from: -237 till: -234 text: Aetheodontus color:middletriassic bar:NAM24 from: -237 till: -228 text: Manlietta color:middletriassic bar:NAM25 from: -228.7 till: -216.5 text:

Gigantopterus ''Gigantopterus'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the Carnian stage of the Late Triassic epoch. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists ...

color:latetriassic bar:NAM26 from: -212.2 till: -207.9 text: Gabanellia PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25 bar:period from: -251 till: -249.7 color:earlytriassic text: Ind. from: -249.7 till: -245 color:earlytriassic text: Olenekian from: -245 till: -237 color:middletriassic text:

from: -237 till: -228 color:middletriassic text:

from: -228 till: -216.5 color:latetriassic text: Carnian from: -216.5 till: -203.6 color:latetriassic text:

from: -203.6 till: -199.6 color:latetriassic text:

bar:era from: -251 till: -245 color:earlytriassic text:

from: -245 till: -228 color:middletriassic text:

from: -228 till: -199.6 color:latetriassic text:

References

External links

{{Taxonbar, from=Q1659888 Prehistoric neopterygii Triassic bony fish Prehistoric ray-finned fish orders