Pereslavl-Zalessky ( rus, Переславль-Залесский, p=pʲɪrʲɪˈslavlʲ zɐˈlʲɛskʲɪj, lit. ''Pereslavl beyond the woods''), also known as Pereyaslavl-Zalessky, is a
town
A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages and smaller than cities, though the criteria to distinguish between them vary considerably in different parts of the world.
Origin and use
The word "town" shares an ori ...
in
Yaroslavl Oblast
Yaroslavl Oblast (russian: Яросла́вская о́бласть, ''Yaroslavskaya oblast'') is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), which is located in the Central Federal District, surrounded by Tver, Moscow, Ivanovo, Vladimir, Kostroma ...
,
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
, located on the main Moscow–
Yaroslavl
Yaroslavl ( rus, Ярослáвль, p=jɪrɐˈsɫavlʲ) is a city and the administrative center of Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, located northeast of Moscow. The historic part of the city is a World Heritage Site, and is located at the confluence ...
road and on the southeastern shore of
Lake Pleshcheyevo
Lake Pleshcheyevo ( rus, Плеще́ево о́зеро, p=plʲɪˈɕːejɪvə ˈozʲɪrə) is a glacial lake in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia. The historic town of Pereslavl-Zalessky is on the southeastern side of the lake.
The lake, which is part ...
at the mouth of the
Trubezh River
The Trubezh (russian: Трубеж) is a river in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia. It flows to the Lake Pleshcheyevo. Major city: Pereslavl-Zalessky. It is long, and its drainage basin
A drainage basin is an area of land where all flowing surfac ...
. Population:
Geography
Pereslavl-Zalessky is located in south of
Yaroslavl Oblast
Yaroslavl Oblast (russian: Яросла́вская о́бласть, ''Yaroslavskaya oblast'') is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast), which is located in the Central Federal District, surrounded by Tver, Moscow, Ivanovo, Vladimir, Kostroma ...
, near a border with
Moscow Oblast
Moscow Oblast ( rus, Моско́вская о́бласть, r=Moskovskaya oblast', p=mɐˈskofskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ), or Podmoskovye ( rus, Подмоско́вье, p=pədmɐˈskovʲjə, literally "under Moscow"), is a federal subject of Rus ...
, northeast of
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
, and southwest of
Yaroslavl
Yaroslavl ( rus, Ярослáвль, p=jɪrɐˈsɫavlʲ) is a city and the administrative center of Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, located northeast of Moscow. The historic part of the city is a World Heritage Site, and is located at the confluence ...
.
Climate
Climate of Pereslavl-Zalessky is humid continental: long, cold and snowy winters and short, warm and rainy summers. Average temperatures range from in January to in July.
History
Known as Pereyaslavl until the 15th century, it was founded in 1152 by
George I of Vladimir
Yuri I Vladimirovich ( rus, Юрий Владимирович, Yuriy Vladimirovich), commonly known as Yuri Dolgorukiy or the Long Arm ( rus, Юрий Долгорукий, Yuriy Dolgorukiy, meaning "Far-Reaching", c. 109915 May 1157) was a Rur ...
as a projected capital of
Zalesye
Zalesye ( rus, Зале́сье, p=zɐˈlʲesʲjə, ''area beyond the forest'') or Opolye ( rus, Опо́лье, p=ɐˈpolʲjə, ''area in the fields'') is a historical region of Russia, comprising the north and west parts of Vladimir Oblast, t ...
. The inhabitants of the nearby town of
Kleshchin
Kleshchin (Клещин) was a Meryan (and later Slavic) town on the eastern shore of Lake Pleshcheyevo in Zalesye. It is thought that the lake owes its name to the derelict town: the opening lines of the Primary Chronicle refer to the lake as K ...
were relocated to the new town.
Between 1175 and 1302, Pereslavl was the seat of a principality (not to be confused with the
Principality of Pereyaslavl
The Principality of Pereyaslavl ( uk, Переяславське князівство) was a regional principality of Kievan Rus' from the end of 9th century until 1323, based in the city of Pereyaslavl (now ''Pereiaslav'') on the Trubizh R ...
in modern-day Ukraine). In 1302, it became a part of the
Grand Duchy of Moscow
The Grand Duchy of Moscow, Muscovite Russia, Muscovite Rus' or Grand Principality of Moscow (russian: Великое княжество Московское, Velikoye knyazhestvo Moskovskoye; also known in English simply as Muscovy from the Lati ...
. Pereslavl-Zalessky was devastated numerous times by the
Mongols
The Mongols ( mn, Монголчууд, , , ; ; russian: Монголы) are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, Inner Mongolia in China and the Buryatia Republic of the Russian Federation. The Mongols are the principal membe ...
between the mid-13th century and the early 15th century. In 1611–1612, it suffered from the
Polish invasion.
In 1688–1693,
Peter the Great
Peter I ( – ), most commonly known as Peter the Great,) or Pyotr Alekséyevich ( rus, Пётр Алексе́евич, p=ˈpʲɵtr ɐlʲɪˈksʲejɪvʲɪtɕ, , group=pron was a Russian monarch who ruled the Tsardom of Russia from t ...
built his famous "fun flotilla" on Lake Pleshcheyevo for his own amusement, including the so-called
Peter's little boat, which would be considered the forefather of the Russian
fleet
Fleet may refer to:
Vehicles
*Fishing fleet
*Naval fleet
*Fleet vehicles, a pool of motor vehicles
*Fleet Aircraft, the aircraft manufacturing company
Places
Canada
* Fleet, Alberta, Canada, a hamlet
England
* The Fleet Lagoon, at Chesil Beach ...
. The ''Botik'' (small boat) museum chronicles the history of the first Russian fleet and keeps one of the original model boats.
In 1708, the town became a part of
Moscow Governorate
Moscow Governorate (russian: Московская губерния; pre-reform Russian: ), or the Government of Moscow, was an administrative division (a '' guberniya'') of the Tsardom of Russia, the Russian Empire, and the Russian SFSR, which ...
.
[Указ об учреждении губерний и о росписании к ним городов](_blank)
Just before the Moscow Olympics in 1980, the city of Moscow rounded up a large number of people it considered 'undesirable', many thousands, and decreed that they must be moved at least 120 km from Moscow in order to improve the city's image. Pereslavl is approx 130 km from Moscow and as such the population of the town soared prior to the Olympics.
Administrative and municipal status
Within the
framework of administrative divisions, Pereslavl-Zalessky serves as the
administrative center
An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune
A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or ...
of
Pereslavsky District
Pereslavsky District (russian: Пересла́вский райо́н) is an administrativeLaw #12-z and municipalLaw #65-z district (raion), one of the seventeen in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the oblast. The area of ...
, even though it is not a part of it.
[Law #12-z] As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the
town of oblast significance of Pereslavl-Zalessky—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the
districts
A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions o ...
.
As a
municipal division, the town of oblast significance of Pereslavl-Zalessky is incorporated as Pereslavl-Zalessky Urban Okrug.
[Law #65-z]
Science and education
There is Institute for Program Systems of the
Russian Academy of Sciences
The Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS; russian: Росси́йская акаде́мия нау́к (РАН) ''Rossíyskaya akadémiya naúk'') consists of the national academy of Russia; a network of scientific research institutes from across t ...
in the town. The
University of Pereslavl
The University of Pereslavl (Russian ''Университет города Переславля имени А. К. Айламазяна'') is a non-state higher educational institution in Pereslavl-Zalessky, Russia, which operated in the period 199 ...
is also based in the town.
Sights and architecture
The town is a part of the
Golden Ring of Russia. Monuments of church architecture include six architecture complex convents and nine churches. Notable historic buildings are:
*white stone Savior's Cathedral (1152–1157)
*Church of Metropolitan Peter (1585)
*Troitse-Danilov Monastery (16th–18th centuries)
*
Nikitsky Monastery
The Nikitsky Monastery (Никитский монастырь) is a walled Orthodox monastery founded in the 12th century by
Nicetas (Nikita) Stylites in a field sprawling between the Kholmogory Highway and the Lake Pleshcheyevo several miles ...
(16th–19th centuries)
*Feodorovsky Monastery (16th–19th centuries)
*Goritsky Monastery (17th–18th centuries)
File:Ba-sovetskaa-10-2002-alexander.jpg, Sovetskaya Street
File:Pereslavl-Zalessky, Переславль-Залесский 3.jpg, St. Nicholas Monastery was built in the XIVth century
File:Pereslavl SpasoPreobrazhenskyCathedral.JPG, Savior's Cathedral (1152-1157)
File:Никитский-монастырь-шелапутин-2010-1053.jpg, Aeronautics festival over Nikitsky Monastery
The Nikitsky Monastery (Никитский монастырь) is a walled Orthodox monastery founded in the 12th century by
Nicetas (Nikita) Stylites in a field sprawling between the Kholmogory Highway and the Lake Pleshcheyevo several miles ...
;Museum and exhibits
*Museum-Preserve of Pereslavl-Zalessky (in Goritsky Monastery)
*Museum–Estate "The Little Boat of Peter the Great"
*The Pereslavl Arboretum
*Museum of Flat Irons
*The Museum of Kettles
*The Museum of Steam Engines
The
Kleshchin
Kleshchin (Клещин) was a Meryan (and later Slavic) town on the eastern shore of Lake Pleshcheyevo in Zalesye. It is thought that the lake owes its name to the derelict town: the opening lines of the Primary Chronicle refer to the lake as K ...
complex, an archaeological monument, is located about from the town proper. The original earthworks (which are still quite substantial) from the defensive wall that circled the town originally are still here, it is possible to walk along these defensive structures. As are portions if the original road that was at its base.
The town sits on the banks of Lake Pleschayevo, a large lake that draws tourists throughout the season. Kite surfing is particularly popular, as is camping.
Notable people
*
Nicetas Stylites
Venerable Nicetas (Nikita) Stylites was a 12th-century Russian saint who founded the Monastery of St. Nicetas on the eastern shore of Lake Pleshcheyevo in Zalesye.
Nikita led a dissolute life in his youth. However, upon entering a church on a ...
, (??-1186) a 12th-century Russian saint who founded the
Monastery of St. Nicetas
*
Alexander Nevsky
Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky (russian: Александр Ярославич Невский; ; 13 May 1221 – 14 November 1263) served as Prince of Novgorod (1236–40, 1241–56 and 1258–1259), Grand Prince of Kiev (1236–52) and Grand P ...
, (1221–1263) prince and saint.
*
Pavel Kolendas, (1820-??) Russian portrait painter
*
Dmitry Mirimanoff
Dmitry Semionovitch Mirimanoff (russian: Дми́трий Семёнович Мирима́нов; 13 September 1861, Pereslavl-Zalessky, Russia – 5 January 1945, Geneva, Switzerland) became a doctor of mathematical sciences in 1900, in Gen ...
(1861–1945) mathematician, contributed to
axiomatic set theory
Set theory is the branch of mathematical logic that studies Set (mathematics), sets, which can be informally described as collections of objects. Although objects of any kind can be collected into a set, set theory, as a branch of mathematics, ...
*
Dmitry Kardovsky
Dmitry Nicolajevich Kardovsky (Russian: Дмитрий Николаевич Кардовский; 5 September 1866 – 9 February 1943) was a Russian artist, illustrator and stage designer.
Biography
He was born near Pereslavl-Zalessky in th ...
, (1866–1943) an artist, illustrator and stage designer.
*
Leonid Kurchevsky, (1890–1937 or 1939) a Russian/Soviet weapons designer.
*
Mikhail Koshkin, (1898–1940) designed the
T-34
The T-34 is a Soviet medium tank introduced in 1940. When introduced its 76.2 mm (3 in) tank gun was less powerful than its contemporaries while its 60-degree sloped armour provided good protection against Anti-tank warfare, anti-tan ...
tank
*
Alexander Petrov, (born 1987) actor
References
Notes
Sources
*
*
Further reading
Pereslavl-Zalessky. Materials for the History of the 17th and 18th centuries (1884)(Переславль-Залесский. Материалы для истории города XVII и XVIII столетий) at
Runivers.ru
Runivers ( rus, Руниверс) is a site devoted to Russian culture and history. Runivers targets Russian speaking readers and those interested in Russian culture and history.
Runivers is an online library aimed to provide free access to aut ...
in
DjVu
DjVu ( , like French "déjà vu") is a computer file format designed primarily to store scanned documents, especially those containing a combination of text, line drawings, indexed color images, and photographs. It uses technologies such as ima ...
and
PDF
Portable Document Format (PDF), standardized as ISO 32000, is a file format developed by Adobe in 1992 to present documents, including text formatting and images, in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems. ...
formats
External links
*
*
Audio guide to Pereslavl-Zalessky tourismpereslavl.ruPeter the Great's small boats(PDF)
Guide to Golden Ring of Russia
{{Authority control
Pereslavsky Uyezd
1152 establishments in Europe
12th-century establishments in Russia
Golden Ring of Russia