Paval Zhauryd (1889 in Žaǔryd – 1939 in be, Павал Жаўрыд) was a

Belarus Belarus,, , ; alternatively and formerly known as Byelorussia (from Russian ). officially the Republic of Belarus,; rus, Республика Беларусь, Respublika Belarus. is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by ...

ian military commander. Zhauryd was born in the village of Cieciarouka near

Slutsk Slutsk ( officially transliterated as Sluck, be, Слуцк; russian: Слуцк; pl, Słuck, lt, Sluckas, Yiddish/Hebrew: סלוצק ''Slutsk'') is a city in Belarus, located on the Sluch River south of Minsk. As of 2022, its population i ...

and graduated from the Slutsk Gymnasium in 1909. As a student of the Gymnasium, Zhauryd created a Belarusian separatist club with his classmates. After Gymnasium he studied at the Law faculty of the

Warsaw University The University of Warsaw ( pl, Uniwersytet Warszawski, la, Universitas Varsoviensis) is a public university in Warsaw, Poland. Established in 1816, it is the largest institution of higher learning in the country offering 37 different fields of ...

. He was mobilised into the

Russian Imperial Army The Imperial Russian Army (russian: Ру́сская импера́торская а́рмия, tr. ) was the armed land force of the Russian Empire, active from around 1721 to the Russian Revolution of 1917. In the early 1850s, the Russian Ar ...

in 1916, during the

First World War World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

. After military training in Poltava, Paval Zhauryd was sent to

Turkestan Turkestan, also spelled Turkistan ( fa, ترکستان, Torkestân, lit=Land of the Turks), is a historical region in Central Asia corresponding to the regions of Transoxiana and Xinjiang. Overview Known as Turan to the Persians, western Turk ...

and later to the

Romanian Front The Romanian Front ( ro, Frontul Românesc, FR) was a moderate fascist party created in Romania in 1935. Led by former Prime Minister Alexandru Vaida-Voevod, it originated as a right-wing splinter group from the mainstream National Peasants' Part ...

. After the Russian February Revolution Paval Zhauryd was elected as his regiment's committee president. He was a delegate at the

First All-Belarusian Congress The First All-Belarusian Congress ( be, Першы Ўсебеларускі кангрэс or Першая Ўсебеларуская канферэнцыя) was a congress of Belarusian political organisations and groups held in Minsk in Decembe ...

in December 1917, where preparations for the declaration of independence of the

Belarusian People's Republic The Belarusian People's Republic (BNR; be, Беларуская Народная Рэспубліка, Bielaruskaja Narodnaja Respublika, ), or Belarusian Democratic Republic, was a state proclaimed by the Council of the Belarusian Democratic R ...

had been initiated. Since 1918 Zhauryd had been working as a lawyer in

. At that time he became a member of the Belarusian Socialist-Revolutionary Party. In the summer of 1919 he was arrested by the

Bolsheviks The Bolsheviks (russian: Большевики́, from большинство́ ''bol'shinstvó'', 'majority'),; derived from ''bol'shinstvó'' (большинство́), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority". also known in English ...

and accused of "assisting Denikin" and brought to

Smolensk Smolensk ( rus, Смоленск, p=smɐˈlʲensk, a=smolensk_ru.ogg) is a city and the administrative center of Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located on the Dnieper River, west-southwest of Moscow. First mentioned in 863, it is one of the oldest ...

. Liberated in 1919, Zhauryd came back to Slutsk and was elected president of the Slutsk Belarusian Committee, a local group supporting the Belarusian Democratic Republic. In July 1920 Zhauryd was mobilised by the Bolsheviks into the

Red Army The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army ( Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and, afte ...

and was appointed aide to the commander of the Slutsk cavalry unit. In late 1920, Belarusian officials appointed Zhauryd the Commissary of the Belarusian Democratic Republic in the Slutsk

powiat A ''powiat'' (pronounced ; Polish plural: ''powiaty'') is the second-level unit of local government and administration in Poland, equivalent to a county, district or prefecture ( LAU-1, formerly NUTS-4) in other countries. The term "''powiat ...

. In this function Paval Zhauryd was one of the commanders of the anti-Bolshevik

Slutsk defence action The Slutsk uprising () or the Slutsk defence ( be, Слуцкі збройны чын, links=no, translit=Slucki zbrojny čyn) was an unsuccessful armed attempt to establish an independent Belarus. It took place in late 1920, near the end of the ...

. Since 1921 Zhauryd lived in

Vilnius Vilnius ( , ; see also other names) is the capital and largest city of Lithuania, with a population of 592,389 (according to the state register) or 625,107 (according to the municipality of Vilnius). The population of Vilnius's functional urb ...

, where he was member of the local Belarusian National Committee and the Belarusian Schools Council. He later migrated to

East Belarus East Belarus usually refers to the part of Belarus that was part of the Soviet Union between 1919 and 1939, as opposed to West Belarus that was part of the Second Polish Republic at that time. The region was known as the Socialist Soviet Republi ...

and worked in his parents' place, in the villages Bor and Zarechcha near

. In 1923–1930 Zhauryd worked for the Belarusian Agroindustrial Union, an agricultural education institution in the town of Marjina Horka, the Belarusian Culture Institute and the newspaper

Zvyazda ''Zvyazda'' ( be, Звязда, , literally: ''"The Star"'') is a state-owned daily newspaper in Belarus. History and profile ''Zvyazda'' was founded in 1917 as an organ of the Minsk Committee of Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolshev ...

. Along with several other Belarusian intellectuals, Paval Zhauryd was arrested by the

GPU A graphics processing unit (GPU) is a specialized electronic circuit designed to manipulate and alter memory to accelerate the creation of images in a frame buffer intended for output to a display device. GPUs are used in embedded systems, mobi ...

on July 18, 1930, as part of the Case of the Union of Liberation of Belarus. In April 1931 he was sentenced to three years of internment in a concentration camp. After liberation in 1933, he lived in

Sarapul Sarapul ( Udmurt and russian: Сара́пул) is a city and a river port in the Udmurt Republic, Russia, located on the right bank of the Kama River, southeast of Izhevsk, the capital of the republic. Population: History Sarapul is one of ...

, Udmurtia. In 1937 Zhauryd was again arrested "for anti-Soviet propaganda" and sentenced to ten years of internment in concentration camps. He was sent to Knyazhpogost in the Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic where he died in prison. Paval Zhauryd was rehabilitated in 1988 by the Belarusian Supreme Court and the Oblast Court of Kirov.Маракоў Л.У. Рэпрэсаваныя літаратары, навукоўцы, работнікі асветы, грамадскія і культурныя дзеячы Беларусі, 1794—1991. Энц. даведнік. У 10 т. Т.3. Кн.2. — Мн:, 2003.

References

External links

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Нарадзіўся Павал Жаўрыд
{{DEFAULTSORT:Zhauryd, Paval 1889 births 1939 deaths People from Kapyl District People from Slutsky Uyezd Belarusian National Republic Belarusian military personnel People of the Russian Civil War Prisoners who died in Soviet detention Russian military personnel of World War I Soviet rehabilitations Soviet people who died in prison custody