Paul Loicq (11 August 1888 – 26 March 1953) was a
Belgian lawyer, businessman and
ice hockey player, coach, referee and administrator. He played ice hockey for
Belgium men's national ice hockey team
The Belgium men's national ice hockey team is the national men's ice hockey team of Belgium, and has been a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) since 1908. They have played in four Olympic Games, the last in 1936. The team als ...
and won four bronze medals from in 1910 to 1914. He was a leading supporter of the efforts to introduce
ice hockey at the Olympic Games, and served on the organizing committee for
ice hockey at the 1920 Summer Olympics. After playing in the 1920 Olympics he served as president of the
Royal Belgian Ice Hockey Federation
The Royal Belgian Ice Hockey Federation (RBIHF) is the Belgian ice hockey federation, known in Dutch as the ''Koninklijke Belgische IJshockey Federatie'' (KBIJF) and in French as the ''Fédération Royale Belge de Hockey sur Glace'' (FRBHG). It is ...
from 1920 to 1935, and as president of the
Ligue Internationale de Hockey sur Glace
The International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF; french: Fédération internationale de hockey sur glace; german: Internationale Eishockey-Föderation) is a worldwide governing body for ice hockey. It is based in Zurich, Switzerland, and has 83 m ...
(LIHG) from 1922 to 1947, which was later known as the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). During his time as president the LIHG more than doubled its membership and welcomed the first national associations from Asia and Africa, and the LIHG began hosting its annual
Ice Hockey World Championships in 1930. He was also an international
ice hockey referee from 1924 to 1937 at the Olympic Games, the Ice Hockey World Championships and the
Ice Hockey European Championships. He served in the
Belgian Army during World War I and World War II, achieved the rank of
Colonel, and represented Belgium as legal counsel at the
Nuremberg trials.
Loicq was posthumously inducted into the
Hockey Hall of Fame
, logo = Hockey Hall of Fame Logo.svg
, logo_upright = 0.5
, image = Hockey Hall of Fame, Toronto.jpg
, caption = The Hall's present location on Yonge Street since 1992
, map_type =
, former_name =
, established = 1943
, location = 30 Y ...
in the builder's category in 1961. He was the first European to be inducted, and was credited as the main person who introduced hockey to the Olympics. He inducted into the inaugural class of the
IIHF Hall of Fame in 1997, and was credited for growing the game of hockey in Europe and raising its worldwide profile. The IIHF established the
Paul Loicq Award in 1998, given to recognize an individual for outstanding contributions to the development of international ice hockey.
Early life and playing years
Loicq was born 11 August 1888 in
Brussels, Belgium. He was a
speed skater
Speed skating is a competitive form of ice skating in which the competitors race each other in travelling a certain distance on skates. Types of speed skating are long track speed skating, short track speed skating, and marathon speed skating. ...
as a youth, and later adapted to playing hockey.
He played as a
right winger for FP Bruxelles from the 1905–06 to 1910–11 seasons, and then played for Cercle des Patineurs Bruxelles (CDP Bruxelles) from the 1911–12 to 1913–14 seasons. He played on the
Belgium men's national ice hockey team
The Belgium men's national ice hockey team is the national men's ice hockey team of Belgium, and has been a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) since 1908. They have played in four Olympic Games, the last in 1936. The team als ...
at the
Ice Hockey European Championships in the
1910
Events
January
* January 13 – The first public radio broadcast takes place; live performances of the operas '' Cavalleria rusticana'' and ''Pagliacci'' are sent out over the airwaves, from the Metropolitan Opera House in New York C ...
,
1911
A notable ongoing event was the Comparison of the Amundsen and Scott Expeditions, race for the South Pole.
Events January
* January 1 – A decade after federation, the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory ...
, and
1914
This year saw the beginning of what became known as World War I, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip. It als ...
competitions.
The Belgians placed third and won a bronze medal in each of the three years he played. Loicq also played for the national team at the
1912 LIHG Championship and won bronze.
He played in three consecutive Belgian Championships with CDP Bruxelles from 1912 to 1914, and was a national champion in 1914.
Loicq's ice hockey career went on hiatus during
World War I. He resumed playing for CDP Bruxelles from the 1919–20 to 1922–23 seasons.
He served as the
player-coach for the Belgian national team in the winter of 1919–20,
and was the team's captain in
ice hockey at the 1920 Summer Olympics.
Belgium played an international friendly with the
Ice Skating Club de Paris, and lost its sole match at the Olympics by a 0–8 score to the
Sweden men's national ice hockey team. Loicq returned to play with the Belgian national team in 1921, during an international match with
Club des Sports d'Hiver de Paris
Club des Patineurs de Paris was an ice hockey team in Paris, France. They played in the top-level of French ice hockey from 1906-1937.
History
The club was founded on February 20, 1896 as a figure skating association. The hockey section was creat ...
in 1921, and made his final playing appearance with the team at the
Ice Hockey European Championship 1925 The 1925 Ice Hockey European Championship was the 10th edition of the ice hockey tournament for European countries associated to the International Ice Hockey Federation.
The tournament was played between January 8, and January 11, 1925, in Štrb ...
.
Military and business career
Loicq graduated from university in Brussels as a lawyer.
As a businessman, he was in charge of a company which produced medicinal
cotton wool.
He served in the
Belgian Army during World War I, and earned a citation for bravery.
He was a leader in the
Belgian Resistance against the
German occupation of Belgium during World War II
The German occupation of Belgium (french: link=no, Occupation allemande, nl, Duitse bezetting) during World War II began on 28 May 1940, when the Belgian army surrendered to German forces, and lasted until Belgium's liberation by the Western ...
, and rose to the rank of
Colonel.
After the conclusion of the war, Loicq acted as legal representation for Belgium at the
Nuremberg trials.
Belgian sport administrator
Loicq was actively involved in organization and management sports as an athlete. He served as president of the Skaters Club of Brussels, the Belgian Federation of Skaters and the Belgian League for Winter Sports. He was also a leading supporter of the efforts to introduce
ice hockey at the Olympic Games.
His efforts were rewarded in January 1920, when the choice was made to include
ice hockey at the 1920 Summer Olympics. Five teams from Europe agreed to play along with Canada and the United States. The
Palais de Glace d'Anvers
The Palais de Glace d'Anvers (Ijspaleis Antwerpen) was a sports venue located in Antwerp, Belgium. Measuring long by wide, it hosted both the Figure skating at the 1920 Summer Olympics, figure skating and Ice hockey at the 1920 Summer Olympics, ...
in
Antwerp
Antwerp (; nl, Antwerpen ; french: Anvers ; es, Amberes) is the largest city in Belgium by area at and the capital of Antwerp Province in the Flemish Region. With a population of 520,504, hosted both hockey and the corresponding
figure skating events.
Loicq served on the Belgian organizing committee for the hockey tournament at the Olympics.
The games used the Canadian ice hockey rules, and the
Bergvall system to determine medal winning teams.
Loicq served as president of the
Royal Belgian Ice Hockey Federation
The Royal Belgian Ice Hockey Federation (RBIHF) is the Belgian ice hockey federation, known in Dutch as the ''Koninklijke Belgische IJshockey Federatie'' (KBIJF) and in French as the ''Fédération Royale Belge de Hockey sur Glace'' (FRBHG). It is ...
(RBIHF) from 1920 to 1935. He succeeded
Henri Van den Bulcke
Henri Van den Bulcke (1889–1947) was a Belgian ice hockey player and administrator. He won a European title in 1913 and finished third in 1911. In 1912 he founded the Royal Belgian Ice Hockey Federation and acted as its first president until 19 ...
, who was the founding president of the RBIHF. When the indoor
ice rink in Brussels closed in 1923, the RBIHF was left with only the rink in Antwerp for its indoor matches.
Loicq served as head coach of Belgium at the
Ice Hockey European Championship 1927.
He led Belgium to a silver medal, and a second-place finish to the
Austria men's national ice hockey team. His team included captain
Willy Kreitz as the best player of the tournament, and
Pierre Van Reysschoot. Belgium was given the
fair play
Fair play or Fairplay usually refers to sportsmanship.
Fair play or Fairplay may also refer to:
Media
* ''Fair Play'' (1925 film), an American silent film
* ''Fair Play'', a 1972 TV movie starring Paul Ford
* ''Fair Play'' (2014 film), a Czech ...
trophy, which was awarded for the first time in 1927.
Belgium lost the ice palace in Antwerp due to a fire in 1928. Loicq later arranged Belgian Championships on frozen ponds until three new rinks opened in Brussels between 1933 and 1935.
Loicq also served as vice-president of the
Belgian Olympic Committee
The Belgian Olympic and Interfederal Committee ( nl, Belgisch Olympisch en Interfederaal Comité, french: Comité Olympique et Interfédéral Belge), abbreviated BOIC or COIB, is the National Olympic Committee for Belgium. The administrative s ...
, and confirmed that Belgium would participate in the
1932 Winter Olympics
The 1932 Winter Olympics, officially known as the III Olympic Winter Games and commonly known as Lake Placid 1932, were a winter multi-sport event in the United States, held in Lake Placid, New York, United States. The games opened on February ...
hosted in
Lake Placid, New York. During the bid process for the 1932 Winter Olympics, Loicq abstained in discussions on the downsizing of the Olympic event schedule.
LIHG president
Loicq was elected president of the
Ligue Internationale de Hockey sur Glace
The International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF; french: Fédération internationale de hockey sur glace; german: Internationale Eishockey-Föderation) is a worldwide governing body for ice hockey. It is based in Zurich, Switzerland, and has 83 m ...
(LIHG) in 1922 to succeed
Max Sillig
Max Sillig (19 November 1873 – 15 November 1959) was a Swiss ice hockey player and builder.
Career
Sillig was born in La Tour-de-Peilz, and played for the Switzerland men's national ice hockey team at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp. He ...
. Loicq served in the role for 25 years until 1947 during a period of growth for the LIHG. The federation expanded from 11
national member associations based in Europe and North America to 27 members globally in 1947, including
Japan
Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...
in 1930 as the first member from Asia,
and
South Africa in 1937 as the first member from Africa.
In 1924, Loicq and the LIHG assisted in organizing a hockey tournament at the ''International Winter Sports Week'' held in
Chamonix, France. The
International Olympic Committee retroactively recognized this event as
ice hockey at the 1924 Winter Olympics. The games were played outside on natural ice, and used a two-tier round-robin format to replace the Bergvall system. In 1928, the LIHG decided that
ice hockey at the 1928 Winter Olympics
The men's ice hockey tournament at the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, Switzerland, was the third Olympic Championship, also serving as the third World Championships and the 13th European Championships. Canada, represented by the Univer ...
would also determine the European Championship, instead of hosting a separate event. The 1928 event included 11 teams, the most number of participants at the time.
Sweden won the silver medal at the Olympics, and were crowned European champions at the same time. After the increased participation at the Olympic Games, the LIHG congress decided that
Ice Hockey World Championships would be hosted annually starting in 1930. The World Championships also doubled as the European Championships thereafter.
The
1930 World Ice Hockey Championships
The 1930 Ice Hockey World Championships were held between January 30 and February 10, 1930, in Chamonix, France, Vienna, Austria, and Berlin, Germany. This event was the first world championships independent of hockey at the Olympics.
Canada, ...
was the first annual event, and was scheduled to play outdoors in Chamonix, France. The natural ice melted and the event relocated to indoor venues in
Berlin and
Vienna for the final matches.
Loicq had several disagreements with the planning of
ice hockey at the 1932 Winter Olympics. He stated that "according to the Olympic statutes it is the International and not the National Federation which is in charge of organizing the Games. It would be preferable that the harmony should be restored between the International Federation and the American Ice Hockey Federation". The International Society of Olympic Historians felt the dispute came from the
Amateur Athletic Union controlling the selection of American amateur teams for the Olympics on behalf of the
United States Olympic Committee, and the ensuing power struggle with the LIHG. There was also a disagreement in the number of players on hockey teams. The LIHG stated it should be 14, whereas the organizing committee published 13 players.
When the 1932 tournament was played, only four teams participated, with only two European associations making the trip due to difficulties of raising funds to pay for long-distance travel during the
Great Depression
The Great Depression (19291939) was an economic shock that impacted most countries across the world. It was a period of economic depression that became evident after a major fall in stock prices in the United States. The economic contagio ...
.
The European teams instead played at the
Ice Hockey European Championship 1932 The 1932 Ice Hockey European Championship was the 17th edition of the ice hockey tournament for European countries associated to the International Ice Hockey Federation. This was the last time it was played independent of the World Hockey Champions ...
with nine teams participating. The 1932 event was the final time that the European Championships were held separately from the World Championships.
Ice hockey at the 1936 Winter Olympics
The men's ice hockey tournament at the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, was the fifth Olympic Championship, also serving as the tenth World Championships and the 21st European Championships.
The British national ice h ...
was hosted in
Garmisch-Partenkirchen
Garmisch-Partenkirchen (; Bavarian: ''Garmasch-Partakurch''), nicknamed Ga-Pa, is an Alpine ski town in Bavaria, southern Germany. It is the seat of government of the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen (abbreviated ''GAP''), in the O ...
, Germany, with games being played at the partially-covered
Olympia-Kunsteisstadion
The Olympia-Kunsteisstadion is a Ice skating, skating stadium located in Garmisch-Partenkirchen.
It was built according to plans of architect Hanns Ostler in only 106 days for the figure skating at the 1936 Winter Olympics, figure skating and ice ...
on artificial ice, and on natural ice at
Riessersee. The number of participating nations rebounded from the 1932 Olympics with an increase to 15. The tournament saw the
Great Britain men's national ice hockey team which included British-Canadian dual citizens capture the gold medal, over the defending champion
Canada men's national ice hockey team
The Canada men's national ice hockey team (popularly known as Team Canada; french: Équipe Canada) is the ice hockey team representing Canada inter ...
which won silver.
Loicq mediated two protests by the
Canadian Amateur Hockey Association
The Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA; french: Association canadienne de hockey amateur) was the national governing body of amateur ice hockey in Canada from 1914 until 1994, when it merged with Hockey Canada. Its jurisdiction include ...
(CAHA) for the hockey tournament. The CAHA had originally protested the use of two players by Great Britain which were suspended by the CAHA. Loicq agreed that the suspended players could not be used in the Olympics, but Canada relented on its protest on the eve of the Olympics due to international pressure, and not being aware that Loicq had agreed to the suspensions. He later called an emergency meeting regarding the format of the finals protested by Canada, which was denied in a vote of delegates. He later denied accusations from
Canadian Amateur Hockey Association
The Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA; french: Association canadienne de hockey amateur) was the national governing body of amateur ice hockey in Canada from 1914 until 1994, when it merged with Hockey Canada. Its jurisdiction include ...
president
E. A. Gilroy
Edward Albert Gilroy (October 10, 1879August 8, 1942) was a Canadian ice hockey administrator. He served as president of the Manitoba Amateur Hockey Association (MAHA) from 1927 to 1934, and the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA) from ...
that the rules were changed during the event.
In February 1937, the LIHG passed resolutions in wake of discussions began during the previous Olympics. The LIHG decided to award future World Championships only to countries with an artificial ice rink available for the games.
Exhibition games between professional and amateur teams were now allowed, and national associations were given control over sanctioning events for both amateurs and professionals in their respective countries. The LIHG also allowed up to two professionals on an amateur team in international competition, and that a player must represent his country of birth unless he was a five-year resident of the adoptive country he wished to play for. Loicq felt that the resolutions were passed since member associations did not want to play against multiple teams in the British Empire with Canadian-trained players. He was also expected to report on investigations into professionalism in the amateur game at the World Championships. In 1937, the LIHG decided to host World Championships only in non-Olympic years, and to recognize the Olympic ice hockey tournament as the World Championship for that year.
The LIHG did not host any World Championships or Olympic tournaments from 1939 to 1946 due to World War II,
and had not held a congress in seven years until meeting in Brussels in 1946.
During the war, Loicq permitted
W. G. Hardy
William George Hardy (February 3, 1895 – August 28, 1979) was a Canadian professor, writer, and ice hockey administrator. He lectured on the Classics at the University of Alberta from 1922 to 1964, and served as president of the Canadian Aut ...
of the CAHA and the
International Ice Hockey Association to continue negotiating working agreements with the
Amateur Hockey Association of the United States
USA Hockey is the national ice hockey organization in the United States. It is recognized by the International Olympic Committee and the United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee as the governing body for organized ice hockey in the United S ...
. The World Championship resumed in 1947, and Loicq completed one final year as president of the LIHG. He resigned during the 1947 congress after 25 years as president, and was succeeded by
Fritz Kraatz
Fritz originated as a German nickname for Friedrich, or Frederick (''Der Alte Fritz'', and ''Stary Fryc'' were common nicknames for King Frederick II of Prussia and Frederick III, German Emperor) as well as for similar names including Fridoli ...
from Switzerland.
Hockey referee career
Loicq was an international
ice hockey referee from 1924 to 1937, which coincided with his presidency of the LIHG.
During this time he officiated at the
Winter Olympic Games, Ice Hockey World Championships and the Ice Hockey European Championships.
Some notable games for Loicq at the Olympics include the decisive match in
ice hockey at the 1924 Winter Olympics, where Canada defeated the
United States for the gold medal; the match between Canada and
Sweden
Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic country located on ...
in
ice hockey at the 1928 Winter Olympics
The men's ice hockey tournament at the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, Switzerland, was the third Olympic Championship, also serving as the third World Championships and the 13th European Championships. Canada, represented by the Univer ...
; and the match between Canada and Austria in ice hockey at the 1936 Winter Olympics. He worked at least 60 international matches during his career, and founded the International College of Referees to grow the talent pool of officials.
Personal life and death
Loicq's son Gaston played as a defenceman for CDP Bruxelles during the 1939–40 season. Paul Loicq died 26 March 1953, in
Sint-Genesius-Rode
Sint-Genesius-Rode (; french: Rhode-Saint-Genèse, ) is a municipality located in Flanders, one of three regions of Belgium, in the province of Flemish Brabant. The municipality comprises the town of Sint-Genesius-Rode only, and lies between Brus ...
, Belgium.
Legacy and honors
Loicq was named honorary president of the LIHG upon his resignation in 1947.
He was posthumously voted into the
Hockey Hall of Fame
, logo = Hockey Hall of Fame Logo.svg
, logo_upright = 0.5
, image = Hockey Hall of Fame, Toronto.jpg
, caption = The Hall's present location on Yonge Street since 1992
, map_type =
, former_name =
, established = 1943
, location = 30 Y ...
in 1960, and the Belgian Olympic Committee presented his widow with the Hall of Fame crest.
He was formally inducted into the Hall of Fame's builder category in 1961.
He became the first European to be inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame,
and is the only Belgian to be inducted as of 2019.
Journalist Andy O'Brien said that, "Loicq personifies the justification for the shrine".
Both O'Brien and the
Canadian Press
The Canadian Press (CP; french: La Presse canadienne, ) is a Canadian national news agency headquartered in Toronto, Ontario. Established in 1917 as a vehicle for the time's Canadian newspapers to exchange news and information, The Canadian Pre ...
credited Loicq as the main person who introduced hockey to the Olympics.
Loicq and 30 others were honored by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) in the inaugural class of inductees into the
IIHF Hall of Fame in 1997. He was posthumously inducted at a ceremony in
Helsinki, during the
1997 Men's World Ice Hockey Championships
The 1997 Men's Ice Hockey World Championships was the 61st such event sanctioned by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). Teams representing 36 countries participated in several levels of competition, while three other teams competed in ...
.
He was inducted into the builder's category, and is the only inductee from Belgium as of 2019.
The IIHF Hall of Fame credits Loicq for growing the game of hockey in Europe and raising its worldwide profile through the foundation of the Ice Hockey World Championships and the Olympic Games competitions.
The Hockey Hall of Fame states that Loicq was a "dedicated organizer" who spent a lifetime involved in the game, was "respected for his project management skills" and a "visionary" who was the "brain on the national and international scene".
The IIHF established the
Paul Loicq Award in 1998 to further recognize his legacy. The award is given to recognize an individual for outstanding contributions to the development of international ice hockey,
and is handed out at the same time as the hall of fame induction.
Royal Belgian Ice Hockey Federation president Pascal Nuchelmans said in 2013, that the federation wants to establish its own hall of fame which would include prominent recognition of Loicq. Nuchelmans also stated, "Loicq is the start of everything. He put Belgian hockey on the map", and that "Loicq contributed to the great strides that were made in increasing the sport throughout Europe in the 20th century".
Notes
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Loicq, Paul
1888 births
1953 deaths
20th-century Belgian businesspeople
20th-century Belgian lawyers
Belgian Army officers
Belgian business executives
Belgian ice hockey officials
Belgian ice hockey right wingers
Belgian military personnel of World War I
Belgian military personnel of World War II
Belgian male speed skaters
Belgian resistance members
Belgian sports executives and administrators
Colonels (military rank)
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Ice hockey player-coaches
Ice hockey players at the 1920 Summer Olympics
International Ice Hockey Federation executives
IIHF Hall of Fame inductees
Nuremberg trials
Olympic ice hockey players of Belgium
Olympic officials
People from Sint-Genesius-Rode
Sportspeople from Brussels