Paul-Gustave van Hecke (27 December 1887, Ghent - 23 February 1967, Ixelles) was a Belgian journalist, author, art collector and promoter, couturier, and organizer of film festivals. He was a patron to

Frits Van den Berghe Frits Van den Berghe (3 April 1883 – 23 September 1939) was a Belgian expressionist and surrealist painter and illustrator. Biography He was born in Ghent, where his father was the Librarian at the University of Ghent.Gustave De Smet and René Magritte, among others.

Biography

His father was a potato merchant and grocer. After his father's death, in 1897, Paul Verbauwen (1844-1926), one of the leaders of the Ghent Worker's Party, became his guardian. He began his primary education in an industrial school. When he was sixteen, he became friends with Hendrik de Man and they created a Socialist study circle together. In 1905, he became co-founder and secretary of the and published his first writings. Not long after, he suddenly renounced politics and opted for a career as a writer. He also worked as an actor. By 1907, together with and Octaaf Steghers (1889-1942), among others, he had created a literary magazine called ''Nieuw Leven''. A frequent theme of his articles there involved what he felt was the miserable state of the theaters in Flanders. By 1909, this had led to the foundation of the Flemish Association for Theater and Performing Arts, with as its Artistic Director and Van Hecke as its Secretary. During this time, he settled in Sint-Martens-Latem, the site of an influential art colony. There, he became a sort of "spiritual director" for the artists who made up the

Latem School Flemish Expressionism, also referred to as Belgian Expressionism, was one of the dominant art styles in Flanders during the interbellum. Influenced by artists like James Ensor and the early works of Vincent van Gogh, it was a distinct contemporar ...

of painting. Gustave De Smet, Frits Van den Berghe and Constant Permeke became his lifelong friends. Throughout his career, he lost enthusiasm for projects when any conflicts developed. As a result, he abandoned ''Nieuw Leven'' in favor of the new cosmopolitan magazine ''De Boomgaard'' (The Orchard), where he wanted to re-establish the tradition of the pioneering '' Van Nu en Straks'' (Of Now and Later). In addition to himself, the editors there included Pieter Nicolaas van Eyck and Paul Kenis, among others. He then became interested in pursuing a journalistic career and moved to

Antwerp Antwerp (; nl, Antwerpen ; french: Anvers ; es, Amberes) is the largest city in Belgium by area at and the capital of Antwerp Province in the Flemish Region. With a population of 520,504,

to work on the ''De Nieuwe Gazet'' and the French-language magazine, ''La Métropole''. There, he met Maria Barbery, who would become his first wife in 1912. The marriage became troubled almost immediately, but they were not officially divorced until 1921. He created another literary magazine in 1913, ''De Tijd'' (The Times) but, due to a combination of his losing interest and the beginning of World War I, it was short-lived. Shortly after the war began, he moved to Brussels, became involved in the Flemish Movement, and worked as a reporter for ''De Vlaamsche Post'', a paper with German financial connections. In 1915, together with and , he took over the . This lasted only a short time when , to the dismay of his friends, he became Director of a small French theater called "La Bonbonnière". This also lasted for only a few months, until he met

Honorine Deschrijver Honorine Maria "Norine" Deschrijver (5 March 1887 – 1977) was a Belgian fashion designer and a prominent representative of the Modernist movement in fashion. Life Honorine Deschrijver was born as an extramarital child to a Ghent maid on 5 M ...

(known as "Norine") and they opened a couturier's shop together. For the first time, he was making a considerable amount of money, which resulted in the establishment of a publishing house, three magazines and an art gallery.

Post-war enterprises

The publishing house, established in 1920, was ''Het Roode Zeil'' (The Red Sail). Its first publication was a collection of poems by Karel van de Woestijne. Other notable publications included the surrealist novel, ''Mélusine'', by Franz Hellens and ''La Lumière'', a play by Georges Duhamel. An accompanying magazine was cancelled after nine issues, due to unprofitability. The gallery, Sélection, was also established in 1920 and won the immediate support of his old friends from editing days. It closed two years later, but an associated magazine continued, sporadically, until 1933. A third magazine, ''Signaux de France et de Belgique'', lasted for barely one year. PAUL GUSTAVE VAN HECKE AND HIS WIFE NORINE DE SCHRIJVER by Frits van de Bergh died 1939

PAUL GUSTAVE VAN HECKE AND HIS WIFE NORINE DE SCHRIJVER by Frits van de Bergh died 1939

In 1928, he opened another art gallery in Brussels; L'Époque. Shortly after, another magazine, the monthly ''Variétés'', began publication. It was a richly illustrated magazine that catered to popular tastes and current styles; although it included works by such noted artists as James Ensor, Wassily Kandinsky, Giorgio de Chirico and Max Ernst, as well as Van Hecke's friends. At this time, he also developed an interest in

Surrealism Surrealism is a cultural movement that developed in Europe in the aftermath of World War I in which artists depicted unnerving, illogical scenes and developed techniques to allow the unconscious mind to express itself. Its aim was, according to l ...

, which led him to provide support for René Magritte, Paul Delvaux and, years later,

Marcel Mariën Marcel Mariën (29 April 1920 – 19 September 1993) was a Belgian surrealist (later Situationist), poet, essayist, photographer, collagist, and filmmaker. Mariën was a pivotal member of the Belgian wing of the Surrealist movement. In addit ...

. The 1930s depression brought an end to many of these enterprises and he was forced to sell off his private collection to save Le Couturier Norine. In 1931, he already started working as a journalist again, for the Socialist newspaper, ' (Forward), where he created a "Spiritual Life" section. During World War II, he and the other editors fled to France. They returned after Belgium's capitulation to find the paper in German hands. During the remainder of the war, he supplemented his couturier's income by becoming an art dealer. In 1943, he joined with

Angèle Manteau Angèle Georgette Ghislaine Manteau, born in Dinant on 24 January 1911 and died in Aalst on 20 April 2008, was a Belgian publisher. According to the Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium for Science and the Arts, which presented her with an award in ...

to set up and manage the French language division of her publishing house, Éditions Lumière. He also edited her weekly magazine, ''Zondagspost'' and, in 1944, combined that with an editorial position at the French Socialist newspaper, ''

Le Peuple ''Le Peuple'' was a socialist daily newspaper published in Brussels, Belgium. Publication started on 13 December 1885 and ended in March 1998.

''. Most of this activity had ceased within two years of the war's end. During his tenure at ''Voorhuit'', he had written some film criticism so, in 1947, his interests turned in that direction. That same year, in June, he organized the first "Mondial du Film et des Beaux-arts" festival in Brussels. The festival's second edition took place in Knokke in 1949, in conjunction with a

modern art Modern art includes artistic work produced during the period extending roughly from the 1860s to the 1970s, and denotes the styles and philosophies of the art produced during that era. The term is usually associated with art in which the tradi ...

exhibit at the local casino. In 1950, he became Director-General of the Société des Cinémas Pathé and managed several movie theaters in Brussels, including the . For the next decade, he was largely involved with the festivals and exhibitions in Knokke. As the 1960s began, his health problems increased and he often considered withdrawing from public life. He died in 1967, at his home in Ixelles. Norine died ten years later. They had no children.

References

Sources

* André De Rache, ''Hommage à Paul-Gustave van Hecke'', Brussel, 1969. * Bart de Volder, "Paul-Gustave van Hecke", in: ''Oostvlaamse Literaire Monografieën'' Part IX., Provinciebestuur Oost-Vlaanderen, Ghent 1989, p. 161-192 * Gert Van Overloop, "Paul-Gustave Van Hecke", in: ''Nieuwe encyclopedie van de Vlaamse Beweging'', Tielt, Lannoo, 1998. * Virginie Devillez, Peter J.H. Pauwels (Eds.), ''Kunstpromotor Paul-Gustave van Hecke (1887-1967) en de avant-garde'', Koninklijke Musea voor Schone Kunsten van België/Uitgeverij Snoeck, Brussel/Gent-Kortrijk, 2012. * Manu van der Aa, Sjoerd van Faassen, Hans Renders and Marc Somers (Eds.), ''Paul-Gustave van Hecke (1887-1967)'', Antwerpen, Garant 2012 * Manu van der Aa, ''Tatave! Paul-Gustave van Hecke. Kunstpaus–modekoning–salonsocialist'', Tielt, Lannoo, 2017. {{DEFAULTSORT:Van Hecke, Paul-Gustave 1887 births 1967 deaths Belgian socialists Male journalists Belgian art dealers Belgian theatre directors Belgian publishers (people) Film festival founders Belgian art collectors Writers from Ghent 20th-century Belgian journalists