The Patriarch of Lisbon ( la, Patriarcha Olisiponensis, pt, Patriarca de Lisboa), also called the Cardinal-Patriarch of Lisbon once he has been made

cardinal Cardinal or The Cardinal may refer to: Animals * Cardinal (bird) or Cardinalidae, a family of North and South American birds **''Cardinalis'', genus of cardinal in the family Cardinalidae **''Cardinalis cardinalis'', or northern cardinal, the ...

, is the ordinary

bishop A bishop is an ordained clergy member who is entrusted with a position of authority and oversight in a religious institution. In Christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance of dioceses. The role or office of bishop is ca ...

of the

Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lisbon The Patriarchate of Lisbon ( la, Patriarchatus Olisiponensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or patriarchal archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Lisbon, the capital of Portugal. Its archiepiscopal see is the Patriarchal Cathedral of ...

. He is one of the few

patriarch The highest-ranking bishops in Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy, the Catholic Church (above major archbishop and primate), the Hussite Church, Church of the East, and some Independent Catholic Churches are termed patriarchs (and in certai ...

s in the

Latin Church , native_name_lang = la , image = San Giovanni in Laterano - Rome.jpg , imagewidth = 250px , alt = Façade of the Archbasilica of St. John in Lateran , caption = Archbasilica of Saint Joh ...

of the Catholic Church, along with the Patriarchs of

Venice Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 ...

, the

East Indies The East Indies (or simply the Indies), is a term used in historical narratives of the Age of Discovery. The Indies refers to various lands in the East or the Eastern hemisphere, particularly the islands and mainlands found in and around t ...

, and

Jerusalem Jerusalem (; he, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם ; ar, القُدس ) (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names); grc, Ἱερουσαλήμ/Ἰεροσόλυμα, Hierousalḗm/Hierosóluma; hy, Երուսաղեմ, Erusałēm. i ...

. The diocese of

Lisbon Lisbon (; pt, Lisboa ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 544,851 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2. Grande Lisboa, Lisbon's urban area extends beyond the city's administr ...

was created in the 4th century, but it lay vacant after 716 when the city was captured by the

Moors The term Moor, derived from the ancient Mauri, is an exonym first used by Christian Europeans to designate the Muslim inhabitants of the Maghreb, the Iberian Peninsula, Sicily and Malta during the Middle Ages. Moors are not a distinct or ...

; the diocese was restored when the city was captured by king

Afonso I of Portugal Afonso I of PortugalOr also ''Affonso'' (Archaic Portuguese-Galician) or ''Alphonso'' (Portuguese-Galician) or ''Alphonsus'' (Latin version), sometimes rendered in English as ''Alphonzo'' or ''Alphonse'', depending on the Spanish or French inf ...

during the

Second Crusade The Second Crusade (1145–1149) was the second major crusade launched from Europe. The Second Crusade was started in response to the fall of the County of Edessa in 1144 to the forces of Zengi. The county had been founded during the First Crusa ...

in 1147. In 1393, Lisbon was raised to the dignity of a metropolitan archdiocese by

Pope Boniface IX Pope Boniface IX ( la, Bonifatius IX; it, Bonifacio IX; c. 1350 – 1 October 1404, born Pietro Tomacelli) was head of the Catholic Church from 2 November 1389 to his death in October 1404. He was the second Roman pope of the Western Schism.Richa ...

with the papal bull ''In eminentissimae dignitatis''. In 1716, at the request of King John V,

Pope Clement XI Pope Clement XI ( la, Clemens XI; it, Clemente XI; 23 July 1649 – 19 March 1721), born Giovanni Francesco Albani, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 23 November 1700 to his death in March 1721. Clement XI w ...

issued the bull ''In Supremo Apostolatus Solio'' granting the rank of Patriarch to the King's Chaplain, who had since been made Archbishop of West Lisbon. The bull ''

Inter praecipuas apostolici ministerii ''Inter praecipuas apostolici ministerii'' () was a papal bull issued by Pope Clement XII, on 17 December 1737, establishing that whoever was appointed Patriarch of Lisbon was to be elevated to the rank of cardinal in the next consistory. Lisbon ...

'', issued by

Pope Clement XII Pope Clement XII ( la, Clemens XII; it, Clemente XII; 7 April 16526 February 1740), born Lorenzo Corsini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 12 July 1730 to his death in February 1740. Clement presided over the ...

in 1737, established that whoever was appointed Patriarch of Lisbon was to be elevated to the rank of

at the next consistory. Lisbon is the only episcopal see to enjoy this distinction, while other patriarchs are made cardinals by custom only.

Insignia of the Metropolitan Patriarch of Lisbon

The See of Lisbon has been granted extraordinary ceremonial privileges. The Patriarchs of Lisbon were entitled to unique rights of vesture and ceremony that imitated the grandeur of the papal court: notably, the cassocks of his cathedral canons were scarlet (like those of cardinals), and his chapter has three orders like those of the College of Cardinals. Among the unique privileges granted to the Patriarch of Lisbon (and never withdrawn, though most have fallen into disuse) were the right to wear the fanon,

subcinctorium The subcinctorium is an ornamental vestment reserved for the pope, and the Patriarch of Lisbon which is worn at a solemn pontifical Mass, it is very similar to, but somewhat broader than, the maniple in form and nature. The vestment is approxim ...

and falda, vestments otherwise reserved for the Pope. A unique mitre, similar to the

papal tiara The papal tiara is a crown that was worn by popes of the Catholic Church from as early as the 8th century to the mid-20th. It was last used by Pope Paul VI in 1963 and only at the beginning of his reign. The name "tiara" refers to the entire h ...

, was conceded at the same time. The Patriarch was also allowed to use a

sedia gestatoria The ''sedia gestatoria'' (, literally 'chair for carrying') or gestatorial chair is a ceremonial throne on which popes were carried on shoulders until 1978, which was later replaced outdoors in part with the popemobile. It consists of a richly a ...

along with two

flabella A flabellum (plural flabella), in Christian liturgical use, is a fan made of metal, leather, silk, parchment or feathers, intended to keep away insects from the consecrated Body and Blood of Christ and from the priest, as well as to show hon ...

for processions — the practice of receiving Holy Communion at the throne in solemn Masses was not conceded to the Patriarch of Lisbon, however. Also notably, the Patriarch of Lisbon can use a papal tiara (without the cross keys of Saint Peter) over his coat of arms.

List of Patriarchs of Lisbon

Tomás de Almeida Tomás de Almeida (Lisbon, 11 September 1670 - Lisbon, 27 February 1754) was the first Patriarchate of Lisbon, Patriarch of Lisbon, formerly Roman Catholic Diocese of Lamego, Bishop of Lamego and later of Roman Catholic Diocese of Porto, Porto. ...

(1716–1754) # José (I) Manoel da Câmara (1754–1758) # Francisco (I) de Saldanha da Gama (1758–1776) # Fernando de Sousa da Silva (1779–1786) # José (II) Francisco Miguel António de Mendonça (1786–1808) #António de São José de Castro (1808-1814) (never consecrated) #Carlos da Cunha e Menezes (1819–1825) #Patrício da Silva (1826–1840) # Francisco (II) de São Luís (Francisco Justiniano) Saraiva (1840–1845) #Guilherme Henriques de Carvalho (1845–1857) #Manuel (I) Bento Rodrigues da Silva (1858–1869) # Inácio do Nascimento de Morais Cardoso (1871–1883) # José (III) Sebastião de Almeida Neto (1883–1907) # António (I) Mendes Belo (1907–1929) # Manuel (II) Gonçalves Cerejeira (1929–1971) # António (II) Ribeiro (1971–1998) # José (IV) da Cruz Policarpo (1998–2013) # Manuel (III) José Macário do Nascimento Clemente (2013–)

References

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