Pasig In Metro Manila
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Pasig, officially the City of Pasig ( fil, Lungsod ng Pasig), is a 1st class
highly urbanized city A city ( fil, lungsod/siyudad) is one of the units of local government in the Philippines. All Philippine cities are chartered cities ( fil, nakakartang lungsod), whose existence as corporate and administrative entities is governed by their own ...
in the National Capital Region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 803,159 people. It is located along the eastern border of Metro Manila with
Rizal Rizal, officially the Province of Rizal ( fil, Lalawigan ng Rizal), is a Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Philippines located in the Calabarzon region in Luzon. Its capital is the city of Antipolo. It is about east of Manila. The p ...
province, the city shares its name with the Pasig River. A formerly rural settlement, Pasig is primarily residential and industrial, but has been becoming increasingly commercial in recent years, particularly after the construction of the
Ortigas Center Ortigas Center is a central business district located within the joint boundaries of Pasig, Mandaluyong and Quezon City, within the Metro Manila region in the Philippines. With an area of more than , it is Metro Manila's second most important bu ...
business district in its west. The city is home to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pasig, based in
Pasig Cathedral The Immaculate Conception Cathedral of Pasig, locally known as The Pasig Cathedral is the Catholic church located in Plaza Rizal, Barangay Malinao, Pasig in Metro Manila, Philippines. It is the mother church, and the episcopal seat of the Dioc ...
, a landmark built around the same time as the town's foundation in 1573. Pasig was formerly part of Rizal province before the formation of Metro Manila, the national capital region of the country. The seat of government of Rizal was hosted in Pasig at the old Rizal Provincial Capitol until a new capitol was opened in Antipolo, within Rizal's jurisdiction in 2009. However, it remained as the ''de jure'', or official capital of the province until July 7, 2020. On June 19, 2020, President
Rodrigo Duterte Rodrigo Roa Duterte (, ; born March 28, 1945), also known as Digong, Rody, and by the initials DU30 and PRRD, is a Filipino lawyer and politician who served as the 16th president of the Philippines from 2016 to 2022. He is the chairperson ...
signed Republic Act No. 11475, which designated Antipolo as the official capital of Rizal.


Etymology

The city's name, ''Pasig'', is a Tagalog word which means, "a river that flows into the sea" or "sandy bank of a river". Etymologically, it is a word of
Proto-Malayic The Malayic languages are a branch of the Malayo-Polynesian subgroup of the Austronesian language family. The most prominent member is Malay, which is the national language of Brunei, Singapore and Malaysia; it further serves as basis for Ind ...
(PM), ''*pasir'', or Proto-Malayo-Polynesian (PMP) / Proto-Western-Malayo-Polynesian (PWMP) word, ''*pasiR''. It is cognate with the meaning of "sand" in
Malay Malay may refer to: Languages * Malay language or Bahasa Melayu, a major Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore ** History of the Malay language, the Malay language from the 4th to the 14th century ** Indonesi ...
( pasir) & "beach/sand" in Acehnese (''pasi'') and almost similar meanings and similar spellings in other Western Malayo-Polynesian (WMP) languages.


History


Early history

There are no surviving firsthand accounts of the history of Pasig before Spanish colonizers arrived in 1573 and established the settlement which they called the Ciudad-Municipal de Pasig. However, surviving genealogical records and folk histories speak of a thriving indigenous Tagalog community ( barangay) on the banks of the Bitukang Manok river (now nearly extinct, and known as Parian Creek), which eventually became modern-day Pasig. The greatest rulers of this pre-colonial polity are named
Rajah Lontok Rajah Lontok (Baybayin: ᜎᜓᜈ᜔ᜆᜓᜃ᜔) (r. 1430–1450) was the husband and co-regent of Dayang Kalangitan of the indianized Kingdom of Tondo and Namayan. See also *History of the Philippines *Kingdom of Tondo *Kingdom of Maynila ...
and Dayang Kalangitan by the legends, which also say that they are closely related to the pre-colonial rulers of Tondo and Maynila. The creek was given the name "Bitukang Manok" ( Tagalog for "Chicken Gut"), due to the serpentine shape of its waterway. Among its early dwellers were ethnic Tagalogs & ethnic
Han Han may refer to: Ethnic groups * Han Chinese, or Han People (): the name for the largest ethnic group in China, which also constitutes the world's largest ethnic group. ** Han Taiwanese (): the name for the ethnic group of the Taiwanese p ...
Chinese Chinese can refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people of Chinese nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation ** List of ethnic groups in China, people of va ...
from Southern China (with their origins dating back from the Ming Dynasty), and the Indigenous Tinguian tribal nomads who migrated from the deep jungles of the Sierra Madre Mountain Range. The Bitukang Manok was once a principal tributary of the Marikina River. The Spanish colonizers called the creek "Rio de Pasig"; however, the natives still referred to it as the Bitukang Manok. The first stretch of the Bitukang Manok became known as the "Pariancillo" (Estero de San Agustin), where its shoreline was once settled by ethnic Chinese and
Malay Malay may refer to: Languages * Malay language or Bahasa Melayu, a major Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore ** History of the Malay language, the Malay language from the 4th to the 14th century ** Indonesi ...
merchants to trade their goods with the natives, until it developed up to the 1970s as the city's main public market. Likewise, the creek contributed enormously to the economic growth of Pasig during the Spanish Colonial Era, through irrigation of its wide paddy fields, and by being the progressive center of barter trade. The Bitukang Manok, also known as the "Parian Creek", had once linked the Marikina River with the " Antipolo River". Before the
Manggahan Floodway The Manggahan Floodway is an artificially constructed waterway in Metro Manila, the Philippines. The floodway was built in 1986, with the cost of 1.1 billion pesos, in order to reduce flooding along Pasig River during the rainy season, by diverti ...
was built in 1986, The Parian Creek was actually connected to the Sapang Bato-Buli Creek (which serves as the boundary between Pasig's barangays Dela Paz-Manggahan-Rosario-Santa Lucia and the Municipality of Cainta), the Kasibulan Creek (situated at Vista Verde, Barangay San Isidro, Cainta), the Palanas Creek (leaving Antipolo through Barangay Muntindilao), the Bulaw Creek (on Barangay Mambungan, besides the Valley Golf and Country Club), and the
Hinulugang Taktak Hinulugang Taktak Protected Landscape, also known as Hinulugan Taktak, is a protected area located in Rizal, Philippines. Initially assigned as a recreation area, the waterfall area has been designated as a national park by virtue of Republic Act ...
Falls of Barangay Dela Paz (fed by the Taktak Creek passing close to the Antipolo Town Square), thus being the detached and long-abandoned Antipolo River.


Colonial period

Since the early 1600s up to the period of Japanese Imperialism, over a thousand Catholic devotees coming from "Maynilad" (Manila), "Hacienda Pineda" ( Pasay), "
San Juan San Juan, Spanish for Saint John, may refer to: Places Argentina * San Juan Province, Argentina * San Juan, Argentina, the capital of that province * San Juan, Salta, a village in Iruya, Salta Province * San Juan (Buenos Aires Underground), ...
del Monte", "
Hacienda An ''hacienda'' ( or ; or ) is an estate (or ''finca''), similar to a Roman ''latifundium'', in Spain and the former Spanish Empire. With origins in Andalusia, ''haciendas'' were variously plantations (perhaps including animals or orchards), ...
de Mandaloyon" ( Mandaluyong), "Hacienda Mariquina" ( Marikina), "Barrio
Pateros Pateros, officially the Municipality of Pateros ( tgl, Bayan ng Pateros), is the lone municipality of Metro Manila, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 63,643 people. This municipality is famous for its duck-rai ...
", "Pueblo de Tagig" ( Taguig), and "San Pedro de Macati" ( Makati), followed the trail of the Parian Creek to the Pilgrimage Cathedral on the mountainous pueblo of Antipolo, Morong (the present-day
Rizal Rizal, officially the Province of Rizal ( fil, Lalawigan ng Rizal), is a Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Philippines located in the Calabarzon region in Luzon. Its capital is the city of Antipolo. It is about east of Manila. The p ...
province). The Antipoleños and several locals from the far-reached barrios of "Poblacion de San Mateo", "Montalban" ( Rodriguez), "Monte de Tanhai" ( Tanay), "Santa Rosa-Oroquieta" ( Teresa), and "Punta Ibayo" ( Baras), had also navigated this freshwater creek once to go down to the vast "Kapatagan" (Rice plains) of lowland Pasig. Even the marian processions of the Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage passed this route back and forth eleven times. The creek has been also used during the British Occupation of Manila in 1762 to 1764 by the Royal British army, under the leadership of General William Draper and Vice Admiral Sir Samuel Cornish, 1st Baronet, to transport their red troops (and also the Sepoys they've brought from East India) upstream to take over the nearby forest-surrounded villages of Cainta and Taytay. They even did an ambush at the "Plaza Central" in front of the
Pasig Cathedral The Immaculate Conception Cathedral of Pasig, locally known as The Pasig Cathedral is the Catholic church located in Plaza Rizal, Barangay Malinao, Pasig in Metro Manila, Philippines. It is the mother church, and the episcopal seat of the Dioc ...
, and turned the Roman Catholic Parish into their military headquarters, with the church's fortress-like "Campanilla" ( belfry) serving as a watchtower against Spanish defenders sailing from the walled city of Intramuros via the Pasig River. The Sepoys backstabbed their abusive British lieutenants and sided with the combined forces of the Spanish Conquistadors (assigned by the
Governor-General Governor-general (plural ''governors-general''), or governor general (plural ''governors general''), is the title of an office-holder. In the context of governors-general and former British colonies, governors-general are appointed as viceroy t ...
Simon de Anda y Salazar Simon may refer to: People * Simon (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters with the given name Simon * Simon (surname), including a list of people with the surname Simon * Eugène Simon, French naturalist and the genus ...
), local rice farmers, fisherfolk, and even Chinese traders. After the British Invasion, the Sepoys remained and intermarried with Filipina women, and that explains the
Hindu Hindus (; ) are people who religiously adhere to Hinduism.Jeffery D. Long (2007), A Vision for Hinduism, IB Tauris, , pages 35–37 Historically, the term has also been used as a geographical, cultural, and later religious identifier for ...
features of some of today's citizens of Pasig, especially Cainta and Taytay. In 1742, an
Augustinian Augustinian may refer to: *Augustinians, members of religious orders following the Rule of St Augustine *Augustinianism, the teachings of Augustine of Hippo and his intellectual heirs *Someone who follows Augustine of Hippo * Canons Regular of Sain ...
friar named Fray Domingo Diaz, together with a group of wealthy "Mestizos de
Sangley Sangley (English plural: ''Sangleys''; Spanish plural: ''Sangleyes'') and Mestizo de Sangley (Sangley mestizo, ''mestisong Sangley'', ''chino mestizo'' or Chinese mestizo) are archaic terms used in the Philippines to describe a person of pure ov ...
" (Chinese Mestizos) from Sagad, ordered a construction of a marble, roof-tiled cover bridge across the creek in the style of an oriental pagoda. It was named "Puente del Pariancillo", and a few years later, it changed to "Puente de Fray Felix Trillo", dedicated to the dynamic parochial curate of the Immaculate Conception Parish. Edmund Roberts visited Pasig in 1832. On the night of May 2, 1896, more than 300 revolutionary Katipuneros, led by the Supremo Gat. Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto and Pio Valenzuela, secretly gained access in this very creek aboard a fleet of seventeen "Bangkas" (canoes) to the old residence of a notable Valentin Cruz at Barangay San Nicolas, and formed the "Asamblea Magna" (mass meeting). Three months later on Saturday evening, August 29, about less than 2,000 working-class Pasigueños (along with a hundred Chinese "
Trabajadores ''Trabajadores'' ( workers) is a Cuban trade union newspaper. Founded in 1970 by Osvaldo de Melo and Sara del Carmen Zaldívar, ''Trabajadores'' operates under the auspices of the Central de Trabajadores de Cuba (CTC). ''Trabajadores'' is publi ...
" (laborers) from the failed Sangley revolts of 1639 and throughout the 17th century), armed with coconuts, machetes and bayoneted muskets (some were donated by the rich Ilustrado families, while many of those guns were looted from Spanish authorities), joined the Katipunan and made a surprise attack at the "Municipio del Gobernadorcillo" (the current site of the Pasig City Hall) and its adjacent garrison of the "Guardias Civil" (
Civil Guard Civil Guard refers to various policing organisations: Current * Civil Guard (Spain), Spanish gendarmerie * Civil Guard (Israel), Israeli volunteer police reserve * Civil Guard (Brazil), Municipal law enforcement corporations in Brazil Histori ...
), situated near the border of barangays Maybunga and Caniogan. That was the first and victorious rebellion ever accomplished by the Katipunan, and that particular event was popularly known as the "Nagsabado sa Pasig" (the Saturday Uprising on Pasig). After they had managed to successfully out-thrown the seat of Spanish government on Pasig, the Katipuneros fled immediately and advanced towards a "
Sitio A ''sitio'' (Spanish for "site") in the Philippines is a territorial enclave that forms part of a barangay. Typically rural, a ''sitios location is usually far from the center of the barangay itself and could be its own barangay if its popul ...
" located at the neighboring "Ciudad de San Juan" called "Pinaglabanan", and there they launched their second attempt to end the numerous cases of corruption made by the greedy Castilian " Encomenderos" (town officials) and "Hacienderos" (landlords), which shall be commemorated as the
Battle of San Juan del Monte The Battle of San Juan del Monte also refers as ''"Battle of Pinaglabanan"'' took place on August 30, 1896. It is considered as the first major battle of the Philippine Revolution, which sought Philippine independence from Spain. The first bat ...
. On June 11, 1901, during the
Philippine–American War The Philippine–American War or Filipino–American War ( es, Guerra filipina-estadounidense, tl, Digmaang Pilipino–Amerikano), previously referred to as the Philippine Insurrection or the Tagalog Insurgency by the United States, was an arm ...
, the province of
Rizal Rizal, officially the Province of Rizal ( fil, Lalawigan ng Rizal), is a Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Philippines located in the Calabarzon region in Luzon. Its capital is the city of Antipolo. It is about east of Manila. The p ...
was created through Act No. 137 of the Philippine Commission. Pasig was incorporated into the province of Rizal, and was designated as the capital of the new province. In 1939, the barrio or sitio of Ogong (Ugong Norte), which includes the present-day Libis area, was separated from Pasig to form part of the newly established Quezon City.


After World War II

After World War II, the Bitukang Manok was slowly exposing its ecological downfall. It resulted in water pollution due to rational ignorance. The worst came to the Bitukang Manok in the late 1960s when the disappearing waterway, instead of being revived was totally separated from the Marikina River, and was converted into an open sewage ditch, with its original flow now moving in reverse towards the direction of the Napindan Channel (a portion of the Pasig River bordering between the barangays Kalawaan-Pinagbuhatan and Taguig), to give way to public commercial facilities.


The Martial Law era

Pasig was home to a number of prominent human rights advocates who became prominent during the administration of Ferdinand Marcos. One of these advocates was lawyer and publisher Augusto "Bobbit" Sanchez, whose publication "The Weekly Post" was so hardhitting that Pasig politicians came to refer to it as the "Weekly Pest." Another human rights advocate who was an early critic of Marcos' policies was opposition figure Jovito Salonga, who was first elected representative of Pasig in 1961. When
Ferdinand Marcos Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos Sr. ( , , ; September 11, 1917 – September 28, 1989) was a Filipino politician, lawyer, dictator, and kleptocrat who was the 10th president of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. He ruled under martial ...
' economic policy of using foreign loans to fund government projects during his second term resulted in economic crises at the beginning of the 1970s, numerous Pasigueños participated in the various protests of the time, which eventually came to be known as the
First Quarter Storm The First Quarter Storm ( fil, Sigwa ng Unang Sangkapat), often shortened into the acronym FQS, was a period of civil unrest in the Philippines which took place during the "first quarter of the year 1970". It included a series of demonstrations, ...
. This included brothers
Eman Lacaba Emmanuel Agapito Flores Lacaba (December 10, 1948 – March 18, 1976), popularly known as Eman Lacaba, was a Filipino writer, poet, essayist, playwright, short story writer, scriptwriter, songwriter and activist, often referred to as t ...
and Pete Lacaba, who lived in nearby Pateros but studied at the Pasig Catholic College (PCC) where their mother was a teacher. When Marcos suspended the writ of habeas corpus in 1971, eventually declared Martial Law in September 1972, students were unable to congregate. In Pasig, one of the prominent residences that sheltered them and allowed them to meet together was the Bahay na Tisa in Barangay San Jose. Because the house was also the venue of meetings of prominent Pasig leaders who were pro-Marcos, it came to be known as Pasig's "Freedom House." The house has since been declared an Important Cultural Property by the Philippines' National Museum. Another prominent site in Pasig which was affected by Martial Law was the
Benpres Building The Benpres Building (Tagalog: ''Gusaling Benpres''), originally known as the Chronicle Building, was a six-story Filipino modernist heritage building built in 1969 and inaugurated in 1971, located in Ortigas Center, Pasig. The building was des ...
, which was shuttered by the Philippine Constabulary when Marcos' declaration closed down all media outlets on September 23, 1972. After the fall of the dictatorship, one of the first properties to be surrendered by a Marcos crony to the PCGG was the "Payanig sa Pasig" property, at the confluence of Ortigas, Meralco and Doña Julia Vargas Avenues, whose title businessman
Jose Yao Campos Jose Yao Campos (September 16, 1921 – May 1, 2006), also known by his Chinese name Yao Cho Liat, was a Filipino businessman best known as the founder of United Laboratories (UNILAB). He became an early supporter of Philippine president Fer ...
said he was keeping under the name of the Mid-Pasig Land Development Corp (MPLDC) in lieu of Ferdinand Marcos. This was eventually sequestered by the Presidential Commission on Good Government as part of the Unexplained wealth of the Marcos family.


Integration into Metro Manila

On November 7, 1975, Pasig was carved out of Rizal province and became part of Metro Manila when the Metro Manila Commission (precursor of Metro Manila Authority and later Metropolitan Manila Development Authority) was created through Presidential Decree 824.


Cityhood

In July 1994, Pasig was converted into a highly urbanized city through Republic Act 7829. And in December 1994, President
Fidel V. Ramos Fidel Valdez Ramos (, ; March 18, 1928 – July 31, 2022), popularly known as FVR and Eddie Ramos, was a Filipino general and politician who served as the 12th president of the Philippines from 1992 to 1998. He was the only career military ...
signed it into law, which was ratified through a plebiscite on January 21, 1995.


Contemporary

On February 4, 2006, the ULTRA Stampede, in which 71 people died, happened during the first anniversary celebration of ABS-CBN's noontime show '' Wowowee'', because of the prizes that were to be given away. The anniversary of the show would be held on PhilSports Arena but the event has been already canceled due to the tragedy. Pasig was one of the areas struck by the high flood created by Typhoon Ondoy (Ketsana) on September 26, 2009, which affected the Ortigas Avenue and the east city side of the Manggahan Floodway. It is the most destructive flood in Philippine history. Pasig is accessed by the Pasig River, wherein the waters of Marikina River channeled and the Manggahan Floodway routed to
Laguna de Bay Laguna de Bay (Spanish language, Spanish for "Lagoon/Lake of Bay, Laguna, Bay"; tl, Lawa ng Bay, ), also known as Laguna Lake, is the List of lakes of the Philippines, largest lake in the Philippines. It is located southeast of Metro Manila, b ...
. In the first week of August 2012, intense monsoon rain caused the
2012 Philippines flooding The 2012 Luzon southwest monsoon floods (informally known in Tagalog as ''Hagupít ng Habagat'', "wrath of the monsoon" and ''Bagsík ng Habagat'', "fierceness of the monsoon", from ''habagat'', the Filipino term for the southwest monsoon), was an ...
, which affected again Pasig and particularly the National Capital Region (NCR), Calabarzon and the southwest part of Luzon. The nonstop eight-day monsoon rain, strengthened by Typhoon Gener, caused the Marikina River to overflow and destroyed the same places that were ruined by Typhoon Ondoy in 2009. On June 19, 2020, President
Rodrigo Duterte Rodrigo Roa Duterte (, ; born March 28, 1945), also known as Digong, Rody, and by the initials DU30 and PRRD, is a Filipino lawyer and politician who served as the 16th president of the Philippines from 2016 to 2022. He is the chairperson ...
signed into law Republic Act No. 11475, officially transferring the capital of the Rizal province from Pasig to Antipolo. The official publication was on June 22, 2020, and the law took effect on July 7, 2020, almost 45 years since Pasig became part of Metro Manila and around 11 years since the Rizal provincial government moved to the latter city.


Geography

Pasig is bordered on the west by Quezon City and Mandaluyong; to the north by Marikina; to the south by Makati, the municipality of
Pateros Pateros, officially the Municipality of Pateros ( tgl, Bayan ng Pateros), is the lone municipality of Metro Manila, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 63,643 people. This municipality is famous for its duck-rai ...
, and Taguig; and to the east by the municipalities of Cainta and Taytay in the province of
Rizal Rizal, officially the Province of Rizal ( fil, Lalawigan ng Rizal), is a Provinces of the Philippines, province in the Philippines located in the Calabarzon region in Luzon. Its capital is the city of Antipolo. It is about east of Manila. The p ...
. The Pasig River runs through it and forms its southwestern and southeastern borders with Makati and Taguig respectively, while the Marikina River forms its western border with Quezon City. The artificial
Manggahan Floodway The Manggahan Floodway is an artificially constructed waterway in Metro Manila, the Philippines. The floodway was built in 1986, with the cost of 1.1 billion pesos, in order to reduce flooding along Pasig River during the rainy season, by diverti ...
, built in 1986, begins at its confluence with the Marikina River in its northeast.


Barangays

Pasig is politically subdivided into 30 barangays. Its barangays are grouped into two districts for city council representation purposes. The first district encompasses the southern and western sections of the city, while the second district encompasses the northern and eastern sections. Among these barangays, 27 are located on the northern side or right bank of the Pasig River while 3 (Buting, San Joaquin and Kalawaan) are located on the river's southern side or left bank.


Climate

The dry season runs through the months of November to April, while the wet season starts in May and lasts to November. The wet season reaches its peak in the month of August. Maximum rainfall in Muntinlupa usually occurs from the month of June to September. The average annual of rainfall is with a peak of in July and a low in April. The highest temperature occurs during the month of April and May (34 degrees Celsius) while the lowest occurs during the months of January & February (24 degrees Celsius). The Philippines, due to its geographical location, is one of the Asian countries often affected by typhoons. It is located within the so-called "typhoon belt". Generally, typhoon season starts from June and ends in November. However, the rest of the months are not entirely free of the typhoons since they are unpredictable in nature and might enter the country anytime of the year.


Demographics

Population growth of Pasig has consistently been higher than the regional average. Thus, the percentage share of Pasig in the total population of Metro Manila has significantly increased. Its share has grown from less than 3% in 1960 to 4.5% in 1980 and then to almost 6% in 2015. Pasig's population is projected to reach one million between the 2025 and 2030 census years.


Religion

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Pasig was established in 2003 by Pope John Paul II as the diocese of the Catholic Church in the Philippines, with the Immaculate Conception Parish (Pasig Cathedral) as the seat. Pasig is the headquarters of the
Presbyterian Church of the Philippines The Presbyterian Church of the Philippines (PCP), officially The General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church of the Philippines, is a growing evangelical, Bible-based Reformed church in the Philippines. It was officially founded in 1987 and the Ge ...
.


Economy


19th century

Historically, Pasig produced rice, fruit and
sugarcane Sugarcane or sugar cane is a species of (often hybrid) tall, Perennial plant, perennial grass (in the genus ''Saccharum'', tribe Andropogoneae) that is used for sugar Sugar industry, production. The plants are 2–6 m (6–20 ft) tall with ...
.


Today

The western part of the city is where most of Pasig's financial resources are primarily concentrated. It includes numerous factories, warehouses, establishments and commercial facilities. They are primarily situated in
Ortigas Center Ortigas Center is a central business district located within the joint boundaries of Pasig, Mandaluyong and Quezon City, within the Metro Manila region in the Philippines. With an area of more than , it is Metro Manila's second most important bu ...
, Pasig proper and along E. Rodriguez Jr. Avenue ( C-5) and Ortigas Avenue. Real estate and commercial developments along Mercedes Avenue and other areas near the city center are developing. The eastern part was mostly dominated with residential areas but numerous commercial establishments are now being developed along Marcos Highway. Per capita income ( GDP) of Pasig is $12,032 per year. The barangay of San Antonio has the largest income in Pasig, second only to San Lorenzo of Makati as the largest single income-generating local government unit in the Philippines. In the arguably more significant western part of Pasig, east of the city of Mandaluyong and part of the barangay of San Antonio, lies the
Ortigas Center Ortigas Center is a central business district located within the joint boundaries of Pasig, Mandaluyong and Quezon City, within the Metro Manila region in the Philippines. With an area of more than , it is Metro Manila's second most important bu ...
.
Ortigas Center Ortigas Center is a central business district located within the joint boundaries of Pasig, Mandaluyong and Quezon City, within the Metro Manila region in the Philippines. With an area of more than , it is Metro Manila's second most important bu ...
is one of the top business districts in the country. Numerous high-rise office buildings, residential condominiums, commercial establishments, schools and malls are situated here. The University of Asia and the Pacific is also located here. The head office of the
Integrated Bar of the Philippines The Integrated Bar of the Philippines ( fil, Pinagsamang mga Abogasya ng Pilipinas abbreviated as IBP) is the national organization of lawyers in the Philippines. It is the mandatory bar association for Filipino lawyers. History The IBP was establ ...
was established in the district. The former headquarters of the Philippine Stock Exchange is located along ADB Avenue. San Miguel Corporation, owner of one of the largest producer of beer in Asia, also has its headquarters in the district along
San Miguel Avenue San Miguel Avenue is a short north–south thoroughfare in Ortigas Center, Metro Manila, Philippines. It is an eight-lane divided avenue that runs for several hundred meters between Shaw Boulevard in the south and Julia Vargas Avenue in the north. ...
. Situated along Ortigas Avenue is Crowne Plaza, a five-star hotel near Robinsons Galleria. Notable developments along E. Rodriguez Jr. Avenue ( C-5) include
Arcovia City Arcovia City (sometimes styled ArcoVia City) is a mixed-use development in Ugong, Pasig, Metro Manila, the Philippines. It is a riverside township located by the Marikina River east of Ortigas Center being developed by the Megaworld Corporation. ...
, The Grove by Rockwell, and Ortigas East (formerly Frontera Verde), home of the
Tiendesitas Tiendesitas ("a collection of little stores") is a shopping complex located along E. Rodriguez Jr. Avenue in, Ugong, Pasig. Development The complex began operations on September 26, 2005 and was developed by Ortigas & Company Limited Partnersh ...
market. El-Pueblo, a colonial-themed commercial complex in Ortigas Center, provides new concept of cafes, restaurants and bars. Metrowalk (formerly Payanig), a commercial hub along Ortigas Avenue and Meralco Avenue, was established in 2005 and comprises shops, depot warehouses, stalls, restaurants and bars.
Parklinks Parklinks is a mixed-use development that straddles the Pasig–Quezon City boundaries in the Philippines. It is a joint project of LT Group and Ayala Land located on the banks of the Marikina River in the eastern part of Metro Manila. The river ...
, a urban estate, will partly be built in Pasig near C-5.


Government


Local government

Pasig is governed primarily by the city mayor, the vice mayor and the city councilors. The mayor acts as the chief executive of the city while the city councilors act as its legislative body. The vice mayor, besides taking on mayoral responsibilities in case of a temporary vacancy, acts as the presiding officer of the city legislature.


City seal

The woman represents the Mutya ng Pasig. Pasig is derived from a Hindu word meaning a body of water connecting two bodies of water. On the lower left portion is the
Pasig Cathedral The Immaculate Conception Cathedral of Pasig, locally known as The Pasig Cathedral is the Catholic church located in Plaza Rizal, Barangay Malinao, Pasig in Metro Manila, Philippines. It is the mother church, and the episcopal seat of the Dioc ...
, the seat of the Roman Catholic
Diocese of Pasig The Roman Catholic Diocese of Pasig ( lat, Dioecesis Pasiginae; fil, Diyosesis ng Pasig) is the diocese of the Latin rite of the Catholic Church in the Philippines that comprises the cities of Pasig and Taguig, and the municipality of Pateros, ...
. The factory in lower right portion represents the prosperity and progress of the city.


List of mayor and vice mayor


List of Members of Sangguniang Panlungsod ng Pasig

District 1: Reggie Balderrama, Volta Delos Santos, Eric Gonzales, Kiko Rustia, Pao Santiago, Simon Romulo Tantoco District 2: Buboy Agustin, Syvel Asilo, Quin Cruz,
Angelu De Leon Maria Luisa Angela Martinez de Leon-Rivera (born August 22, 1979), better known as Angelu de Leon, is a Filipino actress and politician. Early and personal life Angelu de Leon is the youngest daughter of Luis and Flora de Leon. She attended St ...
, Maro Martires, Corie Raymundo


Sports

PhilSports Complex The Philippine Institute of Sports Complex (also known as the PhilSports Complex) is a national sports complex of the Philippines. It is located in Meralco Avenue in Pasig, Metro Manila, Philippines. It is where the offices of the Philippine Sp ...
or the Philippine Institute of Sports Complex (formerly ULTRA) is a notable national sports complex of the Philippines. Located in Meralco Avenue, it is where the offices of the Philippine Sports Commission, Philippine Olympic Committee and some national sports associations are. Pasig will host some matches at the
2023 FIBA Basketball World Cup The 2023 FIBA Basketball World Cup will be the 19th tournament of the FIBA Basketball World Cup for men's national basketball teams. The tournament will be the second to feature 32 teams. For the first time in its history, the World Cup will be ...
at the PhilSports Arena. The City is currently represented by Pasig City in the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League. The team also used to play in the now defunct Metropolitan Basketball Association as the Pasig Pirates. The team play their home games at two venues within the city, the Pasig Sports Center and the Ynares Sports Arena.


Transportation


Road network

Pasig is accessed by the following major roads: * Ortigas Avenue *E. Rodriguez Avenue Jr. ( C-5) *Pasig Boulevard *
Julia Vargas Avenue Julia Vargas Avenue is a central east–west arterial road that passes through Ortigas Center in Metro Manila, Philippines. It is a four-lane divided road with one-way protected bike lanes that runs parallel to Ortigas Avenue to the north and S ...
* Shaw Boulevard * Meralco Avenue * Pioneer Street * Marcos Highway (Marikina-Infanta Highway) *Amang Rodriguez Avenue


Water transportation

Pasig is the location of the east end of Pasig River. It is accessed by Pasig River Ferry Service with 7 stations named after the Barangays of the city beside the river, these are the following: *Pineda *San Joaquin *Bambang *Kalawaan *Pinagbuhatan *Maybunga *Nagpayong


Bridges

Pasig is accessed by Pasig River and Marikina River. The city has only eleven bridges: *C.P. Garcia Bridge – spans Pasig River *Kaginhawaan Bridge – spans Marikina River *Manalo Bridge – spans Marikina River *Rosario Bridge – spans Marikina River *Sandoval Bridge – spans Marikina River *Santa Rosa De Lima Bridge – spans Marikina River *Julia Vargas Bridge (parallel bridges) – spans Marikina River *Bambang Bridge – spans Napindan Channel *Napindan Bridge – spans Napindan Channel *Kalawaan Bridge – spans Pasig River *Ortigas Bridge – spans
Manggahan Floodway The Manggahan Floodway is an artificially constructed waterway in Metro Manila, the Philippines. The floodway was built in 1986, with the cost of 1.1 billion pesos, in order to reduce flooding along Pasig River during the rainy season, by diverti ...
*Manggahan Bridge (Daan Pasig Bridge) – spans
Manggahan Floodway The Manggahan Floodway is an artificially constructed waterway in Metro Manila, the Philippines. The floodway was built in 1986, with the cost of 1.1 billion pesos, in order to reduce flooding along Pasig River during the rainy season, by diverti ...
*F B Legaspi Bridge – spans
Manggahan Floodway The Manggahan Floodway is an artificially constructed waterway in Metro Manila, the Philippines. The floodway was built in 1986, with the cost of 1.1 billion pesos, in order to reduce flooding along Pasig River during the rainy season, by diverti ...
*Kaunlaran Bridge – spans Pasig River


Railway

This city is also served by
Santolan Station Santolan station is an elevated Manila Light Rail Transit (LRT) station situated on Line 2. It is located in along the Marikina–Infanta Highway in Calumpag, Marikina, near its boundary with Pasig. From 2003 to 2021, this station was the eas ...
of
LRT Line 2 The Light Rail Transit Line 2, also known as LRT Line 2 (LRT-2) or Megatren, is a rapid transit line in Metro Manila in the Philippines, generally running in an east–west direction along the Radial Road 6 and a portion of the Circumferential ...
along Marcos Highway located in Pasig– Marikina Boundary where the depot is also located. Long before the Manila Light Rail Transit System finally opened its services in Santolan in the Pasig– Marikina border in the early 2000s, steam train services had once served those places in the past, even before World War II. In Marikina, there is a street named "Daangbakal", also called by the names of "Shoe Avenue Extension", "Munding Avenue" and "Bagong Silang". There is also a similar "Daangbakal" in the San Mateo–Montalban ( Rodriguez) area, and on the maps one can notice that the two roads should have been connected with each other. In fact, as the name suggests in Tagalog, these streets were once a single railway line. The two sides of the "Daangbakal" roads were once connected by a bridge in the San Mateo-Marikina border. However, as the railroad tracks have been largely ignored after the Japanese cccupation and was transformed into separate highways, the railway connection was abandoned. The old railroad tracks, called the Marikina Line, was connected from Tutuban station in Manila, passing through Tramo (Barangay Rosario, Pasig) coming all the way to the town of Marikina up to Montalban. On the northern end of the "Daangbakal" road in Montablan is a basketball court. That basketball court which stands today, surrounded by the Montalban Catholic Church and Cemetery, was once the railway station terminus of that particular line. The present-day Santo Niño Elementary School in Marikina was said to be a train depot. And also it was said that a railroad station once stood in the Marikina City Sports Park. The Marikina Line was completed in 1906, and continued its operation until 1936. It was said that the Imperial Japanese Army made use of this railway line during the Second World War. These railways were dismantled during the 1960s and were converted into ordinary roads. Today, the citizens are dependent on Tricycles, Jeepneys, Taxis, UV Express, Buses, and AUV's which contribute to the everyday unusual and unbearable traffic of Metropolitan Manila. Even now, there is uncertainty in the Northrail project, which links Manila to the northern provinces of Luzon, because of corruption within the project's construction. Aside from the Marikina Line, two other railways have existed before but are now removed permanently. First is the Cavite Line, which passed from Paco to
Naic Naic, officially the Municipality of Naic ( tgl, Bayan ng Naic), is a 1st class municipality in the province of Cavite, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 160,987 people. Naic has a land area of 76.24 square kilo ...
, Cavite, operating until 1936. Second is the Antipolo Line, which passed from Santa Mesa to Antipolo near the "
Hinulugang Taktak Hinulugang Taktak Protected Landscape, also known as Hinulugan Taktak, is a protected area located in Rizal, Philippines. Initially assigned as a recreation area, the waterfall area has been designated as a national park by virtue of Republic Act ...
" Falls. There is also a street named "Daangbakal" in Antipolo, where like the "Daangbakal" roads on Marikina and San Mateo, a railway line once existed. The railroad tracks also passed through what is now the Ortigas Avenue Extension. Its operation ceased in 1917.


Education

Along C. Raymundo Avenue lies the national headquarters of Parents for Education Foundation, Inc. which runs schools such as PAREF Southridge School, PAREF Woodrose School,
PAREF Northfield School Parents for Education Foundation (PAREF) is an educational foundation established by parents that administers schools for basic education in the Philippines. It owns several single-sex Catholic schools that are closely affiliated with Opus Dei. ...
, PAREF Rosehill School, and seven other schools. At the heart of city proper, lies Colegio del Buen Consejo (CBC). It is one of the oldest school in Pasig and one of the educational institutions promulgated by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pasig.


Secondary schools

Pasig Catholic College Pasig Catholic College ( fil, Kolehiyong Katoliko ng Pasig), also referred to as PCC, is a private Catholic coeducational basic and higher education institution located in Pasig, Philippines and was founded by CICM fathers in 1913. It is consid ...
(PCC) is a private sectarian college located at the heart of Pasig. Established in 1913 as a small school managed by the CICM Fathers headed by Fr. Pierre Cornelis De Brouwer at the present Immaculate Conception Cathedral of Pasig, it is considered as the city's center of Catholic educational institution of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pasig.
Pasig City Science High School Pasig City Science High School is a specialized public secondary school in Pasig. It is under the administration of the local government of Pasig and is recognized by the Department of Education. The school offers scholarship programs for studen ...
(PCSHS) is the second science high school in Pasig recognized by the Department of Education for bright students of the city. It is located near Rainforest, a fully restored public resort and amusement park.
Rizal High School Rizal High School ( fil, Mataas na Paaralang Rizal) or commonly known as RHS an institution of secondary education based in Pasig, Metro Manila, Philippines, has been listed as the “largest secondary school in the world” since 1993 by the Gui ...
(RHS) is located in Pasig. Named after the Philippine national hero
José Rizal José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda (, ; June 19, 1861 – December 30, 1896) was a Filipino nationalist, writer and polymath active at the end of the Spanish colonial period of the Philippines. He is considered the national he ...
, it is one of the world's largest secondary education by student population. Formerly hailed in the Guinness World Records as the largest school by overall enrolled students, it is now surpassed by the
City Mississippi School A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be de ...
(CMS) in Lucknow, India.


Tertiary Schools

Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Pasig, a local university in Kapasigan, offers degree courses for poor, bright and deserving residents of Pasig. It is established under the mayoralty of Vicente C. Eusebio in 1999.
St. Paul College Pasig St. Paul College, Pasig, also referred to as SPCP or SPC Pasig, is a private, Roman Catholic school exclusively for girls in Pasig, Philippines run by the Congregation of Sisters of Saint Paul of Chartres, a teaching order founded as the Daugh ...
was near the Philippine Institute of Sports Complex (ULTRA). It was established in 1970 as one of the educational institutions administered by the Congregation of the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres. University of Asia and the Pacific (UA&P) in Ortigas Center traces back to the Center for Research and Communication (CRC) which started by two Harvard graduates in 1967 as an economic and social think-tank institution. Its spiritual and doctrinal formation is entrusted to
Opus Dei Opus Dei, formally known as the Prelature of the Holy Cross and Opus Dei ( la, Praelatura Sanctae Crucis et Operis Dei), is an institution of the Catholic Church whose members seek personal Christian holiness and strive to imbue their work an ...
. Rizal Technological University (RTU) is a state university in Mandaluyong that have a branch campus located behind Rainforest Park in Pasig City. RTU Pasig campus is established 1994 that offered different courses in the field of Engineering, Education, Astronomy, Business and Entrepreneurship.


Technical and vocational training

MFI Foundation Inc. MFI Foundation Inc. (formerly Meralco Foundation, Inc.) is a non-stock, non-profit science foundation based in Pasig, Metro Manila, Philippines. The MFI Farm Business Institute at Jalajala is located at the MFI Technological Institute at Ortigas ...
(formerly Meralco Foundation Institute) was located near the
Ortigas Center Ortigas Center is a central business district located within the joint boundaries of Pasig, Mandaluyong and Quezon City, within the Metro Manila region in the Philippines. With an area of more than , it is Metro Manila's second most important bu ...
along Ortigas Avenue. It is established in 1983 to serve and meet the industry's demand for middle-level technical manpower. As a partner of Philippine government's institution of the
Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (Philippines) The Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA ; fil, Pangasiwaan sa Edukasyong Teknikal at Pagpapaunlad ng Kasanayan) serves as the Philippines' Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) authority. As a government a ...
or TESDA, it provided two main programs in the Industrial Technician Program (ITP) which targets the youth and the Technical Training and MFI Training (formerly Testing Program) for skilled workers and professionals.


International Schools

Domuschola International School (DIS) is located in Barangay Ugong and offers the International Baccalaureate PYP program for elementary students. Established in 2000 as a pre-school under the name Second Mom, it has expanded to primary and secondary education. The school is in partnership with the TAO Corporation and as of 2015, became a candidate school of the IB Diploma Program. Saint Gabriel International School in Sandoval Avenue is the sister school of the Chinese-based Manila Xiamen International School. It provides Mandarin Chinese classes and ESL education for local and foreign students. Another international school that is located in Barangay Ugong is Reedley International School. Established in 1999, this school caters kindergarten to senior high school. The school adapts three curricula- Singaporean, Filipino and American.


Notable personalities


Sister cities

;Local * Marikina, Metro Manila ;International * Marugame, Kagawa,
Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...
* South San Francisco, California, United States


See also

* Legislative district of Pasig * Roman Catholic Diocese of Pasig *
Pasig City Museum The Pasig City Museum is a historic house museum in Pasig, Metro Manila in the Philippines. The museum is housed in the old Concepcion Mansion, owned by the former mayor of Pasig, Don Fortunato Cabrera Concepcion who served from 1918 to 1921. ...
*
Candaba, Pampanga Candaba, officially the Municipality of Candaba (Kapampangan: ''Balen ning Candaba''; tl, Bayan ng Candaba; formerly Candawe), is a 1st class municipality in the province of Pampanga, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a populati ...
, a place where there is a barangay named Pasig. * Balabac, Palawan, a place where there is a barangay named Pasig. *
Lambunao, Iloilo Lambunao, officially the Municipality of Lambunao ( hil, Banwa sang Lambunao, krj, Banwa kang Lambunao, tgl, Bayan ng Lambunao), is a 1st class municipality in the province of Iloilo, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a populat ...
, a place where there is a barangay named Pasig. *
Sara, Iloilo Sara, officially the Municipality of Sara ( hil, Banwa sang Sara, tgl, Bayan ng Sara), is a 2nd class municipality in the province of Iloilo, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 54,637 people. Sara is from Iloilo ...
, a place where there is a barangay named Pasig. *
List of schools in Pasig This is a list of schools in the city of Pasig, Metro Manila, Philippines. Tertiary schools, colleges and universities Technical and vocational schools Primary and secondary schools These are schools that offer Kindergarten, Grade 1–6, Gr ...


References


External links

* *
Philippine Standard Geographic Code The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...
* {{Authority control 1573 establishments in the Philippines Cities in Metro Manila Populated places established in 1573 Populated places on the Marikina River Populated places on the Pasig River Former provincial capitals of the Philippines Highly urbanized cities in the Philippines