''Parthenocissus'' , is a genus of tendril

climbing plants A vine (Latin ''vīnea'' "grapevine", "vineyard", from ''vīnum'' "wine") is any plant with a growth habit of trailing or scandent (that is, climbing) stems, lianas or runners. The word ''vine'' can also refer to such stems or runners themselve ...

in the grape family,

Vitaceae The Vitaceae are a family of flowering plants, with 14 genera and around 910 known species, including common plants such as grapevines (''Vitis'' spp.) and Virginia creeper (''Parthenocissus quinquefolia''). The family name is derived from the ge ...

. It contains about 12 species

native Native may refer to: People * Jus soli, citizenship by right of birth * Indigenous peoples, peoples with a set of specific rights based on their historical ties to a particular territory ** Native Americans (disambiguation) In arts and entert ...

to the Himalayas, eastern Asia and North America. Several are grown for ornamental use, notably ''P. henryana'', ''P. quinquefolia'' and ''P. tricuspidata''.

Etymology

The name derives from the Greek ''parthenos'', "virgin", and ''kissos'' (Latinized as "cissus"), "ivy". The reason is variously given as the ability of these creepers to form seeds without pollination or the English name of ''P. quinquefolia'', Virginia creeper, which has become attached to the whole genus.

Fossil record

Among the middle Miocene Sarmatian palynoflora from the

Lavanttal The Lavant Valley (german: Lavanttal, sl, Labotska dolinaGams, Ivan. 1992. "Labotska dolina." ''Enciklopedija Slovenije'', vol. 6. Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, pp. 87–87. or ''Laboška dolina''; Southern Bavarian: ''Lovnthol'') lies in the Lav ...

Basin

Austrian Austrian may refer to: * Austrians, someone from Austria or of Austrian descent ** Someone who is considered an Austrian citizen, see Austrian nationality law * Austrian German dialect * Something associated with the country Austria, for example: ...

researchers have recognized ''Parthenocissus'' fossil pollen. The sediment containing the ''Parthenocissus'' fossil pollen had accumulated in a lowland wetland environment with various vegetation units of mixed evergreen/deciduous broadleaved/conifer forests surrounding the wetland basin. Key relatives of the fossil taxa found with ''Parthenocissus'' are presently confined to humid warm temperate environments, suggesting a

subtropical The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical zone, geographical and Köppen climate classification, climate zones to the Northern Hemisphere, north and Southern Hemisphere, south of the tropics. Geographically part of the Geographical z ...

climate during the middle Miocene in Austria.Combined LM and SEM study of the middle Miocene (Sarmatian) palynoflora from the Lavanttal Basin, Austria: part III. Magnoliophyta 1 – Magnoliales to Fabales, Friðgeir Grímsson, Barbara Meller, Johannes M. Bouchal & Reinhard Zetter, Grana 2015, Vol 54, No. 2, 85-128.

Food plants

''Parthenocissus'' species are used as food plants by the larvae of some

Lepidoptera Lepidoptera ( ) is an order (biology), order of insects that includes butterfly, butterflies and moths (both are called lepidopterans). About 180,000 species of the Lepidoptera are described, in 126 Family (biology), families and 46 Taxonomic r ...

species including the brown-tail and

Gothic Gothic or Gothics may refer to: People and languages *Goths or Gothic people, the ethnonym of a group of East Germanic tribes **Gothic language, an extinct East Germanic language spoken by the Goths **Crimean Gothic, the Gothic language spoken b ...

Species

From Asia

*Three leaved **''

Parthenocissus chinensis ''Parthenocissus'' , is a genus of tendril climbing plants in the grape family, Vitaceae. It contains about 12 species native to the Himalayas, eastern Asia and North America. Several are grown for ornamental use, notably ''P. henryana'', ''P. qu ...

'', this species grows in dry areas between 1300 and 2300 m in

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

in the west of both Sichuan and Yunnan. **''

Parthenocissus heterophylla ''Parthenocissus'' , is a genus of tendril climbing plants in the grape family, Vitaceae. It contains about 12 species native to the Himalayas, eastern Asia and North America. Several are grown for ornamental use, notably ''P. henryana'', ''P. qu ...

'', from China and Taiwan **''

Parthenocissus semicordata ''Parthenocissus semicordata'' (Wall) Planch. 1811 (synonym: ''P. himalayana'') is a creeper related to the grapevine family. It is a native plant of the Himalaya The Himalayas, or Himalaya (; ; ), is a mountain range in Asia, separating ...

'', from the Himalayas **''

Parthenocissus feddei ''Parthenocissus'' , is a genus of tendril vine, climbing plants in the grape family (biology), family, Vitaceae. It contains about 12 species native plant, native to the Himalayas, eastern Asia and North America. Several are grown for ornamental ...

'', this species grows in rocky places between elevations of 600 and 1100 m in the Chinese provinces of Guangdong, Guizhou, Hubei and Hunan *Five leaved **''

Parthenocissus henryana ''Parthenocissus henryana'' (Chinese Virginia-creeper or silver vein creeper) is a species of flowering plant in the vine family Vitaceae, native to China. Description It is a vigorous, deciduous tendril climber growing to . It has a more rest ...

'', Chinese Virginia creeper from China **''

Parthenocissus laetevirens ''Parthenocissus laetevirens'' is a climbing plant species in the genus ''Parthenocissus'' found in China. ''Parthenocissus laetevirens'' contains the stilbene oligomers laetevirenol A, B, C, D and E, the stilbene tetramers laetevirenol F ...

'' *One or three leaved **'' Parthenocissus dalzielii'', from east and south-east Asia **''

Parthenocissus suberosa ''Parthenocissus'' , is a genus of tendril climbing plants in the grape family, Vitaceae. It contains about 12 species native to the Himalayas, eastern Asia and North America. Several are grown for ornamental use, notably ''P. henryana'', ''P. qu ...

'' **''

Parthenocissus tricuspidata ''Parthenocissus tricuspidata'' is a flowering plant in the grape family ( Vitaceae) native to eastern Asia in Korea, Japan, and northern and eastern China. Although unrelated to true ivy, it is commonly known as Boston ivy, grape ivy, and Jap ...

'', Japanese creeper or Boston ivy, from eastern Asia

From North America

*Seven or five-leaved **'' Parthenocissus heptaphylla'', sevenleaf creeper, from Texas and Mexico **''

Parthenocissus vitacea ''Parthenocissus inserta'' ( syn. ''Parthenocissus vitacea''), also known as thicket creeper, false Virginia creeper, woodbine, or grape woodbine, is a woody vine native to North America, in southeastern Canada (west to southern Manitoba) and a ...

'', thicket creeper, woodbine, or grape woodbine, from western and northern North America **'' Parthenocissus quinquefolia'', Virginia creeper, from eastern North America

References

Vitaceae genera {{Vitaceae-stub