Park ships were merchant
steamships constructed for
Canada
Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tot ...
’s
Merchant Navy during the
Second World War
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposi ...
. Park ships and
Fort ship
The Fort ships were a class of 198 cargo ships built in Canada during World War II for use by the United Kingdom under the Lend-Lease scheme. They all had names prefixed with "Fort" when built. The ships were in service between 1942 and 1985, ...
s (built in Canada for operation by the British) were the Canadian equivalent of the
American
American(s) may refer to:
* American, something of, from, or related to the United States of America, commonly known as the "United States" or "America"
** Americans, citizens and nationals of the United States of America
** American ancestry, pe ...
Liberty ship
Liberty ships were a class of cargo ship built in the United States during World War II under the Emergency Shipbuilding Program. Though British in concept, the design was adopted by the United States for its simple, low-cost construction. Ma ...
s. All three shared a similar design by
J.L. Thompson and Sons of
Sunderland, England. Fort ships had a
triple expansion steam engine
A compound steam engine unit is a type of steam engine where steam is expanded in two or more stages.
A typical arrangement for a compound engine is that the steam is first expanded in a high-pressure ''(HP)'' cylinder, then having given up he ...
and a single screw
propeller. Fort ships were ships transferred to the British government and the Park ships were those employed by the Canadian government, both had the similar design. Park ships were named after local and
National Parks of Canada. A few Park ships were launched as "Camp ships", named after Canada
military camps, but were quickly renamed after Parks. was the first Park ship lost to enemy attack, in the
Indian Ocean
The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, covering or ~19.8% of the water on Earth's surface. It is bounded by Asia to the north, Africa to the west and Australia to the east. To the south it is bounded by t ...
after a
torpedo
A modern torpedo is an underwater ranged weapon launched above or below the water surface, self-propelled towards a target, and with an explosive warhead designed to detonate either on contact with or in proximity to the target. Historically, s ...
attack from
U-177 in the
Indian Ocean
The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, covering or ~19.8% of the water on Earth's surface. It is bounded by Asia to the north, Africa to the west and Australia to the east. To the south it is bounded by t ...
, South of
Durban
Durban ( ) ( zu, eThekwini, from meaning 'the port' also called zu, eZibubulungwini for the mountain range that terminates in the area), nicknamed ''Durbs'',Ishani ChettyCity nicknames in SA and across the worldArticle on ''news24.com'' from ...
,
South Africa.
Park Steamship Company
The Allied merchant fleet suffered significant losses in the early years of the
Battle of the Atlantic as a result of
U-boat
U-boats were naval submarines operated by Germany, particularly in the First and Second World Wars. Although at times they were efficient fleet weapons against enemy naval warships, they were most effectively used in an economic warfare ro ...
attacks. The Park Steamship Company was created by the Canadian government on April 8, 1942 to oversee construction of a merchant fleet to help replace the lost vessels and to administer the movement of
materiel
Materiel (; ) refers to supplies, equipment, and weapons in military supply-chain management, and typically supplies and equipment in a commercial supply chain context.
In a military context, the term ''materiel'' refers either to the specif ...
. This was part of a coordinated Allied effort that saw the construction of British, American and Canadian merchant ships using a common class of vessel known as the
North Sands class (named after a beach near the J. L Thompson yard on the
River Wear).
Vessels
![Tour Horloge Montreal marine marchande](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Tour_Horloge_Montreal_marine_marchande.JPG)
Over the next three years, the company ordered approximately 160 bulk
cargo ships and 20
tankers
Tanker may refer to:
Transportation
* Tanker, a tank crewman (US)
* Tanker (ship), a ship designed to carry bulk liquids
** Chemical tanker, a type of tanker designed to transport chemicals in bulk
** Oil tanker, also known as a petroleum tank ...
that would all fly the
Canadian flag
The national flag of Canada (french: le Drapeau national du Canada), often simply referred to as the Canadian flag or, unofficially, as the Maple Leaf or ' (; ), consists of a red field with a white square at its centre in the ratio of , in ...
. Ships at 10,000 tons deadweight were known as Park class. 43 smaller vessels, at a nominal 4,700 tons, were at first designated Grey class but were later called Park ships as well and were commonly known as the 4700 tonner Park ships. All the Park ships were powered by coal driven steam engines. All but two vessels launched were named for federal, provincial or municipal parks in Canada. Some were armed with bow guns and anti-
torpedo
A modern torpedo is an underwater ranged weapon launched above or below the water surface, self-propelled towards a target, and with an explosive warhead designed to detonate either on contact with or in proximity to the target. Historically, s ...
nets. Two of the Park ships were lost to natural hazards and four were lost due to enemy action. One, , built at the
Pictou Shipyard in
Pictou, Nova Scotia
Pictou ( ; Canadian Gaelic: ''Baile Phiogto'') is a town in Pictou County, in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. Located on the north shore of Pictou Harbour, the town is approximately 10 km (6 miles) north of the larger town of New Glas ...
was one of two Allied ships destroyed by enemy action in the
North Sea
The North Sea lies between Great Britain, Norway, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium. An epeiric sea, epeiric sea on the European continental shelf, it connects to the Atlantic Ocean through the English Channel in the south and the ...
in the last hour of the war in
Europe
Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a subcontinent of Eurasia and it is located entirel ...
on 7 May 1945.
At the same time, Canada produced 90 additional vessels for the American government which were turned over to the
British Merchant Navy
The Merchant Navy is the maritime register of the United Kingdom and comprises the seagoing commercial interests of UK-registered ships and their crews. Merchant Navy vessels fly the Red Ensign and are regulated by the Maritime and Coastguard ...
under a
lend-lease agreement.
Built to the same design but designed to burn oil instead of coal, these vessels were known as Fort ships, and they took their names from forts. Notable ships of this type included , , and . Like many of the Fort ships, ''Fort Charlotte'' was launched as a Park. The hull of the Park ships were riveted, not welded.
After the war, by 1948, all the Fort ships had been sold to private companies all around the world. The new owners gave the ships new names.
Crew
Park ships were armed. There were
merchant seamen gunners. Also many British and Canadian merchantmen naval gunners as
Defensively equipped merchant ship
Defensively equipped merchant ship (DEMS) was an Admiralty Trade Division programme established in June 1939, to arm 5,500 British merchant ships with an adequate defence against enemy submarines and aircraft. The acronym DEMS was used to descri ...
(DEMS) . The guns were operated by
Royal Navy
The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against ...
or
Royal Artillery
The Royal Regiment of Artillery, commonly referred to as the Royal Artillery (RA) and colloquially known as "The Gunners", is one of two regiments that make up the artillery arm of the British Army. The Royal Regiment of Artillery comprises t ...
Maritime Regiment personnel with the civilian crews trained to aid in passing ammunition and loading. The American ships carried
Naval Armed Guard
United States Navy Armed Guard units were established during World War II and headquartered in New Orleans.World War II U.S. Navy Armed Guard and World War II U.S. Merchant Marine, 2007-2014 Project Liberty Ship, Project Liberty Ship, P.O. Box 2 ...
gunners. Merchant seamen crewed the merchant ships of the British
Merchant Navy which kept the United Kingdom supplied with raw materials, arms, ammunition, fuel, food and all of the necessities of a nation at war throughout World War II literally enabling the country to defend itself. In doing this they sustained a considerably greater casualty rate than almost every branch of the armed services and suffered great hardship. Seamen were aged from fourteen through to their late seventies.
The lost are remembered in The Royal Canadian Naval Ships Memorial Monument in Spencer Smith Park in
Burlington, Ontario.
Shipyards
![SSPointPleasantParkMonument](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/SSPointPleasantParkMonument.jpg)
The shipbuilding program was not easy to implement as Canada had only four operational shipyards with nine berths in 1940. By 1943, there were six additional shipyards and a total of 38 berths. These were all private shipyards located across Canada - on the East Coast at
Pictou
Pictou ( ; Canadian Gaelic: ''Baile Phiogto'') is a town in Pictou County, in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. Located on the north shore of Pictou Harbour, the town is approximately 10 km (6 miles) north of the larger town of New Gla ...
and
Saint John, in
Montreal
Montreal ( ; officially Montréal, ) is the second-most populous city in Canada and most populous city in the Canadian province of Quebec. Founded in 1642 as '' Ville-Marie'', or "City of Mary", it is named after Mount Royal, the triple ...
,
Sorel and
Lauzon on the
St. Lawrence River
The St. Lawrence River (french: Fleuve Saint-Laurent, ) is a large river in the middle latitudes of North America. Its headwaters begin flowing from Lake Ontario in a (roughly) northeasterly direction, into the Gulf of St. Lawrence, connecting ...
, at
Collingwood on
Georgian Bay
Georgian Bay (french: Baie Georgienne) is a large bay of Lake Huron, in the Laurentia bioregion. It is located entirely within the borders of Ontario, Canada. The main body of the bay lies east of the Bruce Peninsula and Manitoulin Island. To ...
, and
Victoria
Victoria most commonly refers to:
* Victoria (Australia), a state of the Commonwealth of Australia
* Victoria, British Columbia, provincial capital of British Columbia, Canada
* Victoria (mythology), Roman goddess of Victory
* Victoria, Seychelle ...
,
Vancouver
Vancouver ( ) is a major city in western Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. As the List of cities in British Columbia, most populous city in the province, the 2021 Canadian census recorded 662,248 people in the ...
and
Prince Rupert on the Pacific Coast. Only the yards at Montreal, Saint John, Victoria and Collingwood had existed before the war. By 1945, there were 57,000 men and women employed in building or repairing merchant ships in Canada and several thousand more were employed building ships for the
Royal Canadian Navy
The Royal Canadian Navy (RCN; french: Marine royale canadienne, ''MRC'') is the naval force of Canada. The RCN is one of three environmental commands within the Canadian Armed Forces. As of 2021, the RCN operates 12 frigates, four attack submar ...
.
The table shows the name of the shipyard and city, and the number of vessels launched by each yard.
Eventually thousands of Canadians and British would serve aboard these Canadian Merchant Navy ships.
Ships in class
Park-type cargo ships
Modified Scandinavian-class cargo
Park-type tankers
Park-type tankers, Great Lakes Trading
Tankers for World War II, converted to cargo after war:
Lost in action
![MerchantMarineMonumentHalifaxNovaScotia](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/MerchantMarineMonumentHalifaxNovaScotia.JPG)
* was the first Park ship lost to enemy action when torpedoed near Madagascar. Four of the crew were killed.
HMAS ''Quiberon'' and
HMAS ''Quickmatch'' rescued 45 crew and 6 DEMS gunners.
*''
SS Point Pleasant Park
SS ''Point Pleasant Park'' was a merchant steamship constructed for Canada's Merchant Navy in 1942 during the Second World War as part of Canada's Park ship program. She carried a variety of wartime cargoes to Atlantic and Indian Ocean ports unti ...
'' was torpedoed near
Cape Town
Cape Town ( af, Kaapstad; , xh, iKapa) is one of South Africa's three capital cities, serving as the seat of the Parliament of South Africa. It is the legislative capital of the country, the oldest city in the country, and the second largest ...
,
South Africa
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the Southern Africa, southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the Atlantic Ocean, South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the ...
on February 23, 1945 with nine crew lost.
* sank in the
North Sea
The North Sea lies between Great Britain, Norway, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium. An epeiric sea, epeiric sea on the European continental shelf, it connects to the Atlantic Ocean through the English Channel in the south and the ...
on March 13, 1945 after German midget
U-boat
U-boats were naval submarines operated by Germany, particularly in the First and Second World Wars. Although at times they were efficient fleet weapons against enemy naval warships, they were most effectively used in an economic warfare ro ...
attack (
the two-man ''Seehund'' type). Four gunners and 24 crew were killed out of the 32 persons on board, the crew was British. She was southeast of
Great Yarmouth in
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe b ...
.
*The ''
SS Avondale Park'' sank by U-boat on May 7, 1945 while under charter to Ministry of War Transport. Two men were killed and there were 39 survivors. ''Avondale Park'' was the last Allied ship lost to German submarines during the war.
Notable incidents
Park Ships sank or damaged:
shipbuildinghistory.com Park Ships
/ref>
* had an explosion on March 6, 1945, two seamen lost their lives at Vancouver Harbor.
* ''Yoho Park'' (I) sold and renamed ''Darfield'' in 1950, ran aground in fog near Los Angeles
Los Angeles ( ; es, Los Ángeles, link=no , ), often referred to by its initials L.A., is the List of municipalities in California, largest city in the U.S. state, state of California and the List of United States cities by population, sec ...
and scrapped in 1954.
* sold in 1952 renamed ''Theodora'' was wrecked in 1958 in the Gulf of Kutch
The Gulf of Kutch is located between the peninsula regions of Kutch and Saurashtra, bounded in the state of Gujarat that borders Pakistan. It opens towards the Arabian Sea facing the Osman Gulf.
It is about 50 km wide at the entrance bef ...
on a reef.
* sold in 1964 renamed ''Mount Othrys'' and wrecked in 1968 near Port Okhra, India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
.
* sold in 1960 renamed ''Silver Valley'' and was wrecked in the River Douro
The Douro (, , ; es, Duero ; la, Durius) is the highest-flow river of the Iberian Peninsula. It rises near Duruelo de la Sierra in Soria Province, central Spain, meanders south briefly then flows generally west through the north-west part o ...
bar, Oporto
Porto or Oporto () is the second-largest city in Portugal, the capital of the Porto District, and one of the Iberian Peninsula's major urban areas. Porto city proper, which is the entire municipality of Porto, is small compared to its metropo ...
, Portugal
Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of ...
in 1963.
* sold and renamed ''Caribbean Trader'' in 1958 and wrecked on Scorpion Reef
Scorpion Reef ( es, Arrecife Alacranes) is an atoll containing a small group of islets in the Gulf of Mexico, about 125 km (78 mi; 67 NM) off the northern coast of the state of Yucatán, Mexico. Designated a national park, the reef is part of th ...
, Mexico in 1963.
* sold in 1946 and renamed ''Dufferin Bell'' and was wrecked at the mouth of the Framboise River
Framboise River is an estuarine river in Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Course
The Framboise River (CAMVI) is an estuary that extends to the northwest from Seal Rocks and Framboise Cove on the coast to where Bagnells River (Bagnells Lak ...
in Cape Breton
Cape Breton Island (french: link=no, île du Cap-Breton, formerly '; gd, Ceap Breatainn or '; mic, Unamaꞌki) is an island on the Atlantic coast of North America and part of the province of Nova Scotia, Canada.
The island accounts for 18. ...
Nova Scotia
Nova Scotia ( ; ; ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is one of the three Maritime provinces and one of the four Atlantic provinces. Nova Scotia is Latin for "New Scotland".
Most of the population are native Eng ...
in 1951.
* sold in 1967 renamed ''Manos Lemos'' and was wrecked in Gulf of Kuşadası, Turkey in 1969.
* sold in 1948 renamed ''Docteur Angier'' and wrecked in 1949 of Yoron, Kagoshima
is a town located on Yoronjima, in Ōshima District, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.
As of June 2013, the town has an estimated population of 5,263 and a population density of 257 persons per km². The total area is 20.49 km². Much of the i ...
.
* sold in 1948 renamed ''Docteur Yersin'' and was wrecked in 1953 on sandbank near Dong, South Korea
South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and sharing a land border with North Korea. Its western border is formed by the Yellow Sea, while its eas ...
* sold in 1966 renamed ''Dong San'' and was wrecked in 1972 near Mukoh, Klaten Regency
Klaten Regency ( jv, ꦏ꧀ꦭꦛꦺꦤ꧀, Klathèn) is a regency in Central Java province in Indonesia. It covers an area of 655.56 km2 and had a population of 1,130,047 at the 2010 Census and 1,260,506 at the 2020 Census. Its capital is t ...
, Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...
.
* sold in 1965 renamed ''Azar'' and was wrecked off West Punta Brava
Punta Brava is a small suburb located just to the southwest of Havana, Cuba, with a population of roughly 1500 inhabitants. It is one of the wards (consejos populares) of the La Lisa municipality.
Cuban War of Independence
Punta Brava and the ne ...
, Cuba
Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, República de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located where the northern Caribbea ...
in 1968.
* sold in 1975 renamed ''Merian'' and was wrecked off Othoni, Greece in 1977
* sold in 1951 renamed ''Ilha Grande'' and was wrecked of Manoel Luiz Reef near Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a ...
in 1962.
* sold 1953 renamed ''Halcyon'' broke in two after collision with Japanese Gen-ei Maru in Kanmon Strait, then scrapped.
* sold in 1961 renamed Xenophon stranded near Brest, France
Brest (; ) is a port city in the Finistère department, Brittany. Located in a sheltered bay not far from the western tip of the peninsula, and the western extremity of metropolitan France, Brest is an important harbour and the second French m ...
on 26 Oct 1962 and later sank in March of 1963.
* sold in 1948 renamed ''Gerda Toft'' on 23 Dec. 1954 sank in heavy seas in 54.20N 02.32W off Isle of May
The Isle of May is located in the north of the outer Firth of Forth, approximately off the coast of mainland Scotland. It is about long and wide. The island is owned and managed by NatureScot as a national nature reserve. There are now no ...
in Scotland
Scotland (, ) is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. Covering the northern third of the island of Great Britain, mainland Scotland has a Anglo-Scottish border, border with England to the southeast ...
.
* sold in 1959 renamed Vinkon grounded on 1 Sep.1962 in typhoon at Hong Kong
Hong Kong ( (US) or (UK); , ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (abbr. Hong Kong SAR or HKSAR), is a city and special administrative region of China on the eastern Pearl River Delta i ...
then scrapped at Hong Kong.
* sold in 1948 renamed ''Amaryllis'' on 7 Sep. 1965 sank on Riviera Beach, Florida
Riviera Beach is a city in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States, which was incorporated September 29, 1922. Due to the location of its eastern boundary, it is also the easternmost municipality in the Miami metropolitan area, which was home ...
in hurricane.
* sold in 1954 renamed ''Noutsi'', on 28 March 1965 ran aground in fog off Constantza, Romania
Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Moldova to the east, and ...
and abandoned.
* sold in 1962 renamed ''Pella'' on 31 July 1964 was wrecked off Amrum
Amrum (; ''Öömrang'' North Frisian: ''Oomram'') is one of the North Frisian Islands on the German North Sea coast, south of Sylt and west of Föhr. It is part of the Nordfriesland district in the federal state of Schleswig-Holstein and has a ...
Island of Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
.
* sold in 1971 renamed ''Lightening'' in 1976 damaged by mine at Chalna Port, later scrapped at Chittagong, Bangladesh
Bangladesh (}, ), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the eighth-most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 165 million people in an area of . Bangladesh is among the mos ...
.
* sold in 1954 renamed ''Polyxeni'' in 1965 ran aground off Vitoria, Brazil later scrapped at Valencia.
* sold in 1950 renamed ''Harry Lundeberg'' on 8 Feb. 1954 was wrecked off Cape San Lucas
Cabo San Lucas (, " Saint Luke Cape"), or simply just Cabo, is a resort city at the southern tip of the Baja California Peninsula, in the Mexican state of Baja California Sur. As at the 2020 Census, the population of the city was 202,694 inhabita ...
, Baja California
Baja California (; 'Lower California'), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Baja California ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Baja California), is a state in Mexico. It is the northernmost and westernmost of the 32 federal entities of Mex ...
* on 19 Aug. 1946 was wrecked on Preparis
Preparis Island is an island which is part of the Yangon Region of Myanmar. Together, with the other Andaman Islands (the majority of which are a union territory of India), it marks the boundary between the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. T ...
Shoal in the Bay of Bengal
The Bay of Bengal is the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean, bounded on the west and northwest by India, on the north by Bangladesh, and on the east by Myanmar and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India. Its southern limit is a line betwee ...
on voyage from Calcutta to Vancouver.
* sold in 1952 renamed ''Irvinglake'' on Nov. of 1963 ran aground near Bathurst, New Brunswick
Bathurst ( 2021 population; UA 12,157 ) is the largest City in Northern New Brunswick, it overlooks the Nepisiguit Bay, part of Chaleur Bay and is at the estuary of the Nepisiguit River. As part of the New Brunswick local governance reform , ...
* sold in 1980 renamed ''Witsupply II'' on Sep. of 1989 ran aground off St. Maarten in the Caribbean, was refloated and scuttled.
* sold in 1951 renamed ''Champlain'', on 26 June 1955 was wrecked in typhoon at Yulin, Hainan Island
Hainan (, ; ) is the smallest and southernmost province of the People's Republic of China (PRC), consisting of various islands in the South China Sea. , the largest and most populous island in China,The island of Taiwan, which is slightly ...
on voyage from Whampoa to Yulin.
* sold in 1960 renamed ''Shun Fung'' on 5 Sep. 1964 was wrecked in Hong Kong after breaking from moorings in typhoon.
* on 7 Oct. 1945 ran aground in Magdalena Bay
Magdalena Bay ( es, Bahía Magdalena) is a long bay in Comondú Municipality along the western coast of the Mexican state of Baja California Sur. It is protected from the Pacific Ocean by the unpopulated sandy barrier islands of Isla Magdalena ...
, Baja California.
* sold in 1950 renamed ''Nordicstar'' on 27 Dec. 1956 reported in location as middle of the North Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the " Old World" of Africa, Europe ...
, then went missing. Was on voyage from Philadelphia to Le Havre with load of coal.
* sold in 1949 renamed ''Aghia Aanastasia'' on 22 June 1950 ran aground off Tobago
Tobago () is an List of islands of Trinidad and Tobago, island and Regions and municipalities of Trinidad and Tobago, ward within the Trinidad and Tobago, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. It is located northeast of the larger island of Trini ...
on voyage from Baltimore to Rio de Janeiro. She was refloated but sank on 25th of June.
See also
* Allied technological cooperation during World War II
* Empire ships
An Empire ship is a merchant ship that was given a name beginning with "Empire" in the service of the Government of the United Kingdom during and after World War II. Most were used by the Ministry of War Transport (MoWT), which owned them and co ...
* List of Liberty ships
This is a list of Liberty ships, a type of mass-produced cargo ships built to meet inexpensively the United States' World War II maritime transport needs.
Because of the large number of entries, the list has been divided into five sections by the ...
Notes
References
Further reading
* Syd C. Heal, ''A Great Fleet of Ships: the Canadian forts & parks'', Vanwell Publishing, 1999
External links
Launch of the SS ''Victoria Park'', Pictou, Nova Scotia
(newsclipping)
Launch of the SS ''Asby Park'', Pictou, Nova Scotia
(newsclipping)
{{Park ships
Maritime history of Canada
Steamships of Canada
Canadian Merchant Navy
Naval history of Canada
Fleet of the Canadian Merchant Navy