''Parinari'' is a genus of

plant Plants are predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae. Historically, the plant kingdom encompassed all living things that were not animals, and included algae and fungi; however, all current definitions of Plantae exclud ...

in the family

Chrysobalanaceae Chrysobalanaceae is a family of flowering plants, consisting of trees and shrubs in 27 genera and about 700 species of pantropical distribution with a centre of diversity in the Amazon. Some of the species contain silica in their bodies for rigi ...

. Species of genus ''Parinari'' are found in Subsaharan Africa from Senegal to Sudan and Kenya and south to Namibia and Natal; in Eastern Madagascar; from Indochina through Indonesia, New Guinea, northern Queensland, and the southwest Pacific; and in Central and South America from Costa Rica to Trinidad and southern Brazil. The oldest fossils of ''Parinari'' fruits are from the early

Miocene The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recen ...

of Ethiopia, Panama, and Colombia. The genus is closely related to ''

Neocarya ''Neocarya'' is a genus of plant in family Chrysobalanaceae described as a genus in 1976.White, Frank. 1976. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique 46(3–4): 308 It contains only one known species, ''Neocarya macrophylla'', native t ...

''. ''Parinari'' can be distinguished from other genera in Chrysobalanaceae by the following characteristics: *

zygomorphic Floral symmetry describes whether, and how, a flower, in particular its perianth, can be divided into two or more identical or mirror-image parts. Uncommonly, flowers may have no axis of symmetry at all, typically because their parts are spirall ...

floral symmetry * 6-10 unilaterally-attached

stamens The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filame ...

per flower *

ovary The ovary is an organ in the female reproductive system that produces an ovum. When released, this travels down the fallopian tube into the uterus, where it may become fertilized by a sperm. There is an ovary () found on each side of the body. ...

at side or mouth of receptacle-tube * leaf lower surface lanate and with hair-filled stomatal cavities and parallel secondaries closely spaced * pair of glands on leaf petiole * large, woody fruits

Species

The Plant List The Plant List was a list of botanical names of species of plants created by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the Missouri Botanical Garden and launched in 2010. It was intended to be a comprehensive record of all known names of plant species ...

'' recognises 42 accepted species (including infraspecific names): * '' Parinari alvimii'' * '' Parinari anamensis'' – Annamese burada * '' Parinari argenteo-sericea'' * '' Parinari brasiliensis'' * ''

Parinari campestris ''Parinari campestris'' is a species of tree in the plant family Chrysobalanaceae which is native to Trinidad, the Guianas, Venezuela and Brazil. It is reputed to have aphrodisiac properties. Description The species is a tree which grows up to ...

'' * '' Parinari canarioides'' * ''

Parinari capensis ''Parinari capensis'', the sand apple, is a species of flowering plant in the family Chrysobalanaceae, found in Botswana, DRC, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania and Zimbabwe. It is tall. The leaves are elliptic with a white underside. ...

'' – Dwarf mobola plum * '' Parinari cardiophylla'' * '' Parinari chocoensis'' * ''

Parinari congensis ''Parinari'' is a genus of plant in the family Chrysobalanaceae. Species of genus ''Parinari'' are found in Subsaharan Africa from Senegal to Sudan and Kenya and south to Namibia and Natal; in Eastern Madagascar; from Indochina through Indonesi ...

'' * '' Parinari congolana'' * '' Parinari costata'' ** subsp. ''polyneura'' ** subsp. ''rubiginosa'' * '' Parinari curatellifolia'' – Mobola plum * '' Parinari elmeri'' * ''

Parinari excelsa ''Parinari excelsa'', the Guinea plum, is a species of large, evergreen tree in the family Chrysobalanaceae. It has a very wide distribution in tropical Africa and South America. This species grows to tall while the trunk is up to in diameter. ...

'' – Guinea plum * '' Parinari gigantea'' * '' Parinari hypochrysea'' * '' Parinari insularum'' * '' Parinari klugii'' * '' Parinari leontopitheci'' * '' Parinari littoralis'' * '' Parinari maguirei'' * '' Parinari metallica'' * ''

Parinari montana ''Parinari'' is a genus of plant in the family Chrysobalanaceae. Species of genus ''Parinari'' are found in Subsaharan Africa from Senegal to Sudan and Kenya and south to Namibia and Natal; in Eastern Madagascar; from Indochina through Indonesi ...

'' * ''

Parinari nonda ''Parinari nonda'' is a shrub or small tree in the family Chrysobalanaceae. It occurs in northern Australia and New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu Hiri Motu, also known as Police Motu, Pidgin Motu, or just Hiri, is a language of Papua ...

'' – Nonda plum * '' Parinari oblongifolia'' * '' Parinari obtusifolia'' * '' Parinari occidentalis'' * '' Parinari pachyphylla'' * '' Parinari panamensis'' * '' Parinari papuana'' ** subsp. ''salomonensis'' * '' Parinari parilis'' * '' Parinari parva'' * '' Parinari parvifolia'' * '' Parinari prancei'' * '' Parinari rigida'' * '' Parinari rodolphii'' * '' Parinari romeroi'' * '' Parinari sprucei'' * '' Parinari sumatrana''

References

Chrysobalanaceae genera Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Malpighiales-stub