''Parectypodus'' (meaning "besides '' Ectypodus''") is an extinct genus of mammals that lived from

Late Cretaceous The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the younger of two epochs into which the Cretaceous Period is divided in the geologic time scale. Rock strata from this epoch form the Upper Cretaceous Series. The Cretaceous is named after ''creta'', ...

(

Maastrichtian The Maastrichtian () is, in the ICS geologic timescale, the latest age (uppermost stage) of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or Upper Cretaceous Series, the Cretaceous Period or System, and of the Mesozoic Era or Erathem. It spanned the interval ...

) to

Eocene The Eocene ( ) Epoch is a geological epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes from the Ancient Greek (''ēṓs'', " ...

time in North America. It is a member of the extinct order of

Multituberculata Multituberculata (commonly known as multituberculates, named for the multiple tubercles of their teeth) is an extinct order of rodent-like mammals with a fossil record spanning over 130 million years. They first appeared in the Middle Jurassic, a ...

, suborder

Cimolodonta Cimolodonta is a taxon of extinct mammals that lived from the Cretaceous to the Eocene. They were some of the more derived members of the extinct order Multituberculata. They probably lived something of a rodent-like existence until their ...

, family

Neoplagiaulacidae Neoplagiaulacidae is a family of mammal within the extinct order Multituberculata. Fossil remains are known from the Upper Cretaceous through to the latest Eocene/early Oligocene. Representatives have been found in North America, Europe and Asi ...

. It was named by G.L. Jepsen in 1930.

Species

*''Parectypodus armstrongi'' (Johnston, P.A. & Fox, R.C., 1984). From the

Puercan The Puercan North American Stage on the geologic timescale is the North American faunal stage In chronostratigraphy, a stage is a succession of rock strata laid down in a single age on the geologic timescale, which usually represents millions ...

(

Paleocene The Paleocene, ( ) or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 million years ago (mya). It is the first epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name is a combination of the Ancient Greek ''pal ...

)

Ravenscrag Formation The Ravenscrag Formation is a stratigraphic unit of early Paleocene age in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. It was named for the settlement of Ravenscrag, Saskatchewan, and was first described from outcrops at Ravenscrag Butte near the Fr ...

, site Rav W-1,

Saskatchewan Saskatchewan ( ; ) is a province in western Canada, bordered on the west by Alberta, on the north by the Northwest Territories, on the east by Manitoba, to the northeast by Nunavut, and on the south by the U.S. states of Montana and North Dak ...

, Canada. This specimen resides in the collection of the

University of Alberta The University of Alberta, also known as U of A or UAlberta, is a Public university, public research university located in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. It was founded in 1908 by Alexander Cameron Rutherford,"A Gentleman of Strathcona – Alexande ...

. *''Parectypodus foxi'' (Storer, J.E., 1991). This Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous)-age species from the

Frenchman Formation The Frenchman Formation is stratigraphic unit of Late Cretaceous (late Maastrichtian) age in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. It is present in southern Saskatchewan and the Cypress Hills of southeastern Alberta. The formation was defined b ...

of Saskatchewan is estimated to have weighed about 80 g. *''Parectypodus laytoni'' (Jepsen, G.L., 1940; Sloan, R.E., 1966), also known as ''Ectypodus laytoni'' (Jepsen 1940). Remains are known from the Lower

Tiffanian The Tiffanian North American Stage on the geologic timescale is the North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology (NALMA), typically set from 60,200,000 to 56,800,000 years BP lasting . It is usually c ...

(Middle-Late Paleocene) Princeton Quarry,

Wyoming Wyoming () is a state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It is bordered by Montana to the north and northwest, South Dakota and Nebraska to the east, Idaho to the west, Utah to the southwest, and Colorado to the s ...

(United States). This species has been cited as a descendant of ''P. sinclairi''. It is a small species, having a weight of perhaps 10 g. *''Parectypodus lunatus'' (Krause, D.W., 1982), also known as ''P. childei'' (Kühn, 1969). From the

Wasatchian The Wasatchian North American Stage on the geologic timescale is the North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology (NALMA), typically set from 55,400,000 to 50,300,000 years BP lasting . It is usually c ...

(Lower Eocene) Pocket Quarry of

Colorado Colorado (, other variants) is a state in the Mountain states, Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It encompasses most of the Southern Rocky Mountains, as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the wes ...

and Wyoming. This is a late species, having a weight of about 35 g. *''Parectypodus simpsoni'' (Jepsen, G.L., 1930). Eocene. *''Parectypodus sinclairi'' (Lamb, 1902; Clemens, 1964a). Known from the Puercan-Torrejonian (Paleocene) of Gidley Quarry,

Montana Montana () is a state in the Mountain West division of the Western United States. It is bordered by Idaho to the west, North Dakota and South Dakota to the east, Wyoming to the south, and the Canadian provinces of Alberta, British Columb ...

, Wyoming, and

Alberta Alberta ( ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is part of Western Canada and is one of the three prairie provinces. Alberta is bordered by British Columbia to the west, Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest Ter ...

, Canada. This species has been cited as having been derived from ''Mesodma formosa''. It is a smaller species of about 15 g. *''Parectypodus sloani'' (Schiebout, J.A., 1974). Fossils of this species have been found in the

Torrejonian The Torrejonian North American Stage on the geologic timescale is the North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology (NALMA), typically set from 63,300,000 to 60,200,000 years BP lasting . It is usually ...

(Paleocene)-age beds of Big Bend,

Texas Texas (, ; Spanish: ''Texas'', ''Tejas'') is a state in the South Central region of the United States. At 268,596 square miles (695,662 km2), and with more than 29.1 million residents in 2020, it is the second-largest U.S. state by ...

. *''Parectypodus sylviae'' (Rigby, J.K., 1980; Sloan, J.E., 1987) (='' Ectypodus aphronorus'' (Sloan 1987), ''P. pattersoni'' (Sloan 1987)). Remains are known from the Torrejonian (Paleocene)-age Swain Quarry of Montana and Wyoming. The body weight of this species has been estimated as 15 g. *''Parectypodus trovessartianus'' (Cope, E.D., 1882; Van Valen & Sloan, 1966). From the Puercan-Torrejonian (Paleocene) of the

San Juan Basin The San Juan Basin is a geologic structural basin located near the Four Corners region of the Southwestern United States. The basin covers 7,500 square miles and resides in northwestern New Mexico, southwestern Colorado, and parts of Utah ...

New Mexico ) , population_demonym = New Mexican ( es, Neomexicano, Neomejicano, Nuevo Mexicano) , seat = Santa Fe , LargestCity = Albuquerque , LargestMetro = Tiguex , OfficialLang = None , Languages = English, Spanish ( New Mexican), Navajo, Ke ...

. The body mass of this species has been estimated to have been around 90 g. *''Parectypodus vanvaleni'' (Sloan, J.E. 1981). From the Puercan (Paleocene) of the San Juan Basin, New Mexico.

References

* Jepsen, G.L. (1930), "New vertebrate fossils from the lower Eocene of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming". ''Proc. Am. Philos. Soc.'' LXIX, p. 117-131. * Jepsen, G.L. (1940), "Paleocene faunas of the Polecat Bench formation, Park County, Wyoming". ''Pro. Amer. Philos. Soc'' 83, p. 217-340, 21 figs., 5 pls. * Johnston, P.A. and Fox, R.C. (1984), "Paleocene and Late Cretaceous mammals from Saskatchewan, Canada". ''Paleontogr. Abt. A: Paläozool., Stratigr'' 186', p. 163-222. * Kielan-Jaworowska, Z. and Hurum, J.H. (2001), "Phylogeny and Systematics of multituberculate mammals". ''Paleontology'' 44, p. 389-429. * Simpson (1935), "New Paleocene mammals from the Fort Union of Montana". ''Proc. US Nation. Museum'' 83, p. 221-244. * Schiebout, J.A. (1974), "Vertebrate paleontology and paleoecology of Paleocene Black Peaks Formation, Big Bend National Park, Texas". ''Texas Memorial Museum Bull'' 24: 1-87. * Storer, J.E. (1991). The mammals of the Gryde local fauna, Frenchman Formation (

Lancian The Lancian was a North American faunal stage of the Late Cretaceous. It was the final stage of the Cretaceous period in North America, lasting from approximately 70.6 to 66 million years ago. Geology Terrestrial sedimentary strata from the Judit ...

), Saskatchewan. ''Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology'' 11(3): 350-396. {{Taxonbar, from=Q7136674 Ptilodontoids Paleocene mammals Eocene mammals Eocene genus extinctions Extinct mammals of North America Prehistoric mammal genera