''Paraburkholderia'' is a genus of
Pseudomonadota
Pseudomonadota (synonym Proteobacteria) is a major phylum of Gram-negative bacteria. The renaming of phyla in 2021 remains controversial among microbiologists, many of whom continue to use the earlier names of long standing in the literature. The ...
that are
gram negative, slightly curved
rods that are motile by means of
flagella
A flagellum (; ) is a hairlike appendage that protrudes from certain plant and animal sperm cells, and from a wide range of microorganisms to provide motility. Many protists with flagella are termed as flagellates.
A microorganism may have f ...
. They have been reported to colonize
endophytic
An endophyte is an endosymbiont, often a bacterium or fungus, that lives within a plant for at least part of its life cycle without causing apparent disease. Endophytes are ubiquitous and have been found in all species of plants studied to date; h ...
tissues of hybrid spruce (
Picea glauca x
engelmannii) and
lodgepole pine with a strong potential to perform
biological nitrogen fixation and plant growth promotion. Unlike ''
Burkholderia'' species, ''Paraburkholderia'' members are not commonly associated with human infection. ''Paraburkholderia'' members form a monophyletic
clade
A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...
within the
Burkholderiaceae family, which is what prompted their distinction as a genus independent from ''Burkholderia'' species, in combination with the finding of robust
conserved signature indels which are unique to ''Paraburkholderia'' species, and are lacking in members of the genus ''Burkholderia''.
These CSIs distinguish the genus from all other bacteria. Additionally, the CSIs that were found to be shared by ''Burkholderia'' species are absent in ''Paraburkholderia'', providing evidence of separate lineages.
Conserved signature indels have also been found within the genus ''Paraburkholderia''.
[ These CSIs are in parallel with phylogenomic analyses that indicate to two ]monophyletic
In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...
clades within the genus; one clade harbours unnamed and ''Candidatus'' Paraburkholderia, while the other clade is inclusive of environmental ''Paraburkholderia'', commonly used for agricultural purposes.phylogenetic
In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ...
resolution within the genus level.[
]
Species
''Paraburkholderia'' comprises the following species:Paraburkholderia atlantica
''Paraburkholderia'' is a genus of Pseudomonadota that are gram negative, slightly curved rods that are motile by means of flagella. They have been reported to colonize endophytic tissues of hybrid spruce ( Picea glauca x engelmannii) and lo ...
''Paraburkholderia acidipaludis
''Paraburkholderia acidipaludis'' is a Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, aerobic, aluminium-tolerant, non-spore-forming, nonmotile bacterium of the genus ''Paraburkholderia'' and the family Burkholderiaceae, which was isolated from ...
''
*''Paraburkholderia agricolaris
''Paraburkholderia'' is a genus of Pseudomonadota that are gram negative, slightly curved rods that are motile by means of flagella. They have been reported to colonize endophytic tissues of hybrid spruce ( Picea glauca x engelmannii) and lo ...
''
*''Paraburkholderia aromaticivorans
''Paraburkholderia'' is a genus of Pseudomonadota that are gram negative, slightly curved rods that are motile by means of flagella. They have been reported to colonize endophytic tissues of hybrid spruce ( Picea glauca x engelmannii) and lo ...
''
*''Paraburkholderia aspalathi
''Paraburkholderia'' is a genus of Pseudomonadota that are gram negative, slightly curved rods that are motile by means of flagella. They have been reported to colonize endophytic tissues of hybrid spruce ( Picea glauca x engelmannii) and lo ...
''
*''Paraburkholderia azotifigens
''Paraburkholderia'' is a genus of Pseudomonadota that are gram negative, slightly curved rods that are motile by means of flagella. They have been reported to colonize endophytic tissues of hybrid spruce (Picea glauca x engelmannii) and lodge ...
''
*''Paraburkholderia bannensis
''Paraburkholderia bannensis'' is a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming bacterium of the genus ''Paraburkholderia'' and the family Burkholderiaceae, which was isolated from highly acidic swamps from torpedo grass (''Panicum repens'') in Th ...
''
*''Paraburkholderia bryophila
''Paraburkholderia bryophila'' is a Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, non-spore-forming, and nonmotile bacterium of the genus ''Paraburkholderia'' and the family Burkholderiaceae. Research has shown that ''P. bryophila'' demonstrate ...
''
*''Paraburkholderia caballeronis
''Paraburkholderia'' is a genus of Pseudomonadota that are gram negative, slightly curved rods that are motile by means of flagella. They have been reported to colonize endophytic tissues of hybrid spruce (Picea glauca x engelmannii) and lodge ...
''
*''Paraburkholderia caffeinilytica
''Paraburkholderia'' is a genus of Pseudomonadota that are gram negative, slightly curved rods that are motile by means of flagella. They have been reported to colonize endophytic tissues of hybrid spruce (Picea glauca x engelmannii) and lodge ...
''
*''Paraburkholderia caledonica
''Paraburkholderia caledonica'' is a species of Pseudomonadota.
References
caledonica
''Caledonica'' is a genus of beetles in the family Cicindelidae
Tiger beetles are a family of beetles, Cicindelidae, known for their aggressive pr ...
''
*''Paraburkholderia caribensis
''Paraburkholderia caribensis'' is a species of Pseudomonadota.Garrity, George M.; Brenner, Don J.; Krieg, Noel R.; Staley, James T. (eds.) (2005). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume Two: The Proteobacteria, Part C: The Alpha-, B ...
''
*'' Paraburkholderia caryophylli''
*''Paraburkholderia denitrificans
''Paraburkholderia denitrificans'' is a gram-negative, bacterium from the genus ''Paraburkholderia'' and the family Burkholderiaceae which was isolated from wet forest soil on the island of Liancourt Rocks. ''Paraburkholderia denitrificans'' has ...
''
*''Paraburkholderia diazotrophica
''Paraburkholderia diazotrophica'' is a gram-negative, catalase and oxidase-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, motile bacterium from the genus ''Paraburkholderia'' and the family Burkholderiaceae which was isolated from the nitrogen-fixing n ...
''
*'' Paraburkholderia dilworthii''
*''Paraburkholderia dipogonis
''Paraburkholderia'' is a genus of Pseudomonadota that are gram negative, slightly curved rods that are motile by means of flagella. They have been reported to colonize endophytic tissues of hybrid spruce ( Picea glauca x engelmannii) and lo ...
''
*''Paraburkholderia eburnea
''Paraburkholderia eburnea'' is a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming bacterium from the genus '' Paraburkholderia'' and the family Burkholderiaceae which was isolated from peat soil
Peat (), also known as turf (), is an accumula ...
''
*''Paraburkholderia elongata
''Paraburkholderia elongata'' is a Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the genus ''Paraburkholderia''. The type strain is ''P. elongata'' 5NT, which was isolated from the Arnot research forest, near Van Etten, New York, u ...
'' Paraburkholderia fungorum
Paraburkholderia fungorum (P. fungorum) is a Gram-negative species of bacteria. that has been commonly used as a beneficial microorganism in agriculture as an agent for biocontrol and bioremediation. ''Paraburkholderia fungorum'' is Some of its ...
''
*'' Paraburkholderia ginsengisoli''
*'' Paraburkholderia ginsengiterrae''
*''Paraburkholderia graminis
''Paraburkholderia graminis'' is a species of bacteria
Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. ...
''
*''Paraburkholderia guartelaensis
''Paraburkholderia'' is a genus of Pseudomonadota that are gram negative, slightly curved rods that are motile by means of flagella. They have been reported to colonize endophytic tissues of hybrid spruce ( Picea glauca x engelmannii) and lo ...
''
*''Paraburkholderia heleia
''Paraburkholderia heleia'' is a gram-negative, nitrogen-fixing, aerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium from the genus '' Paraburkholderia'' and the family Burkholderiaceae which was isolated from the Chinese water chestnut ''Eleocha ...
''
*''Paraburkholderia hiiakae
''Paraburkholderia'' is a genus of Pseudomonadota that are gram negative, slightly curved rods that are motile by means of flagella. They have been reported to colonize endophytic tissues of hybrid spruce ( Picea glauca x engelmannii) and lo ...
''
*''Paraburkholderia hospita
''Paraburkholderia hospita'' is a species of bacteria in the phylum Pseudomonadota
Pseudomonadota (synonym Proteobacteria) is a major phylum of Gram-negative bacteria. The renaming of phyla in 2021 remains controversial among microbiologists, ...
''
*'' Paraburkholderia humisilvae''
*'' Paraburkholderia jirisanensis''
*''Paraburkholderia kirstenboschensis
''Paraburkholderia'' is a genus of Pseudomonadota that are gram negative, slightly curved rods that are motile by means of flagella. They have been reported to colonize endophytic tissues of hybrid spruce ( Picea glauca x engelmannii) and lo ...
''
*''Paraburkholderia insulsa
''Paraburkholderia insulsa'' is a Gram-negative, acidophilic, rod-shaped, arsenic-tolerant and aerobic bacterium from the genus of '' Burkholderia'' which has been isolated from the Ambitle Island on Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea ( ...
''
*'' Paraburkholderia kururiensis''
*''Paraburkholderia madseniana
''Paraburkholderia madseniana'' is a Gram-negative
Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation. They are characterized by their cell envelopes, ...
''
*'' Paraburkholderia megapolitana''
*'' Paraburkholderia metalliresistens''
*''Paraburkholderia metrosideri
''Paraburkholderia'' is a genus of Pseudomonadota that are gram negative, slightly curved rods that are motile by means of flagella. They have been reported to colonize endophytic tissues of hybrid spruce ( Picea glauca x engelmannii) and lo ...
''
*''Paraburkholderia mimosarum
''Paraburkholderia mimosarum'' is a gram-negative, catalase and oxidase-positive non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium from the genus '' Paraburkholderia'' and the family Burkholderiaceae. ''P. mimosarum'' is able to nodulate
Root nodules a ...
''
*'' Paraburkholderia monticola''
*''Paraburkholderia nodosa
''Paraburkholderia nodosa'' is a gram-negative, catalase and oxidase-positive, non-spore-forming, bacterium from the genus '' Paraburkholderia'' and the family Burkholderiaceae which was isolated from nitrogen-fixing nodules from roots of ''Mim ...
''
*'' Paraburkholderia oxyphila''
*'' Paraburkholderia pallidirosea''
*''Paraburkholderia paradisi
''Paraburkholderia'' is a genus of Pseudomonadota that are gram negative, slightly curved rods that are motile by means of flagella. They have been reported to colonize endophytic tissues of hybrid spruce ( Picea glauca x engelmannii) and lo ...
''
*''Paraburkholderia peleae
''Paraburkholderia'' is a genus of Pseudomonadota that are gram negative, slightly curved rods that are motile by means of flagella. They have been reported to colonize endophytic tissues of hybrid spruce ( Picea glauca x engelmannii) and lo ...
''
*''Paraburkholderia phenazinium
''Paraburkholderia phenazinium'' is a Gram-negative soil bacterium
Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic micr ...
''
*'' Paraburkholderia phenoliruptrix''
*'' Paraburkholderia phymatum''
*'' Paraburkholderia phytofirmans''
*''Paraburkholderia piptadeniae
''Paraburkholderia'' is a genus of Pseudomonadota that are gram negative, slightly curved rods that are motile by means of flagella. They have been reported to colonize endophytic tissues of hybrid spruce ( Picea glauca x engelmannii) and lo ...
''
*''Paraburkholderia rhizosphaerae
''Paraburkholderia rhizosphaerae'' is a bacterium from the genus of '' Paraburkholderia'' which has been isolated from rhizosphere soil in Daejeon in Korea
Korea ( ko, 한국, or , ) is a peninsular region in East Asia. Since 1945, it ...
''
*''Paraburkholderia rhizoxinica
''Paraburkholderia rhizoxinica'' is a gram-negative, oxidase and catalase-positiv, motile bacterium from the genus ''Paraburkholderia'' and the family Burkholderiaceae which was isolated from the plant pathogenic fungus, ''Rhizopus microsporus'' ...
''
*''Paraburkholderia rhynchosiae
''Paraburkholderia rhynchosiae'' is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium from the genus ''Paraburkholderia'' and the family Burkholderiaceae which was isolated from root nodules from the plant ''Rhynchosia ferulifolia'' in South Africa.
Refere ...
''
*'' Paraburkholderia ribeironis''
*''Paraburkholderia sabiae
''Paraburkholderia sabiae'' is a Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive non-spore-forming bacterium of the genus '' Paraburkholderia'' and the family Burkholderiaceae, which was isolated from the nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots of ...
''
*''Paraburkholderia sacchari
''Paraburkholderia sacchari'' is a species of bacteria in the phylum Pseudomonadota. It was isolated in the 1990s from sugarcane crop soil (São Paulo state, Brazil), and later identified as a new bacterial species, originally named as ''Burkhol ...
''
*''Paraburkholderia sartisoli
''Paraburkholderia sartisoli'' is a gram-negative, aerobic catalase and oxidase-positive rod-shaped bacterium from the genus '' Paraburkholderia'' and the family Burkholderiaceae which was isolated from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contami ...
''
*'' Paraburkholderia sediminicola''
*'' Paraburkholderia silvatlantica''
*''Paraburkholderia soli
''Paraburkholderia soli'' is a gram-negative, catalase and oxidase-positive strictly aerobic, non motile bacterium from the genus '' Paraburkholderia'' and the family Burkholderiaceae which was isolated from soil and cultivated with Korea
...
''
*'' Paraburkholderia solisilvae''
*'' Paraburkholderia solitsugae'' Paraburkholderia sprentiae
''Paraburkholderia sprentiae'' is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium from the genus '' Paraburkholderia'' and the family Burkholderiaceae which was isolated from root nodules from the plant '' Lebeckia ambigua'' in South Africa.
The species ...
''
*'' Paraburkholderia steynii''Paraburkholderia strydomiana
''Paraburkholderia'' is a genus of Pseudomonadota that are gram negative, slightly curved rods that are motile by means of flagella. They have been reported to colonize endophytic tissues of hybrid spruce ( Picea glauca x engelmannii) and lo ...
''Paraburkholderia susongensis
''Paraburkholderia susongensis'' is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus '' Paraburkholderia'' which has been isolated from a weathered rock surface in Susong in the Anhui Province in China
China, officially the People's Republic ...
''
*''Paraburkholderia symbiotica
''Paraburkholderia symbiotica'' is a gram-negative, catalase and oxidase-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacterium from the genus '' Paraburkholderia'' and the family Burkholderiaceae which was isolated from root nodules of a ...
''
*'' Paraburkholderia terrae''
*''Paraburkholderia terricola
''Paraburkholderia terricola'' is a species of bacteria in the phylum Pseudomonadota
Pseudomonadota (synonym Proteobacteria) is a major phylum of Gram-negative bacteria. The renaming of phyla in 2021 remains controversial among microbiologist ...
''
*'' Paraburkholderia tropica''
*''Paraburkholderia tuberum
''Paraburkholderia tuberum'' is a species of bacteria that is capable of symbiotic nitrogen fixation with the legume
A legume () is a plant in the family Fabaceae (or Leguminosae), or the fruit or seed of such a plant. When used as a dry g ...
''
*''Paraburkholderia unamae
''Paraburkholderia unamae'' is a species of bacteria
Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. T ...
''
*''Paraburkholderia xenovorans
''Paraburkholderia xenovorans'' is a species of bacteria.
Genomics
The genome of ''Paraburkholderia xenovorans'' (LB400) is one of the largest bacterial genomes completely sequenced to date. The recent genomic studies of this organism have help ...
''
*''Paraburkholderia youngii
''Paraburkholderia'' is a genus of Pseudomonadota that are gram negative, slightly curved rods that are motile by means of flagella. They have been reported to colonize endophytic tissues of hybrid spruce ( Picea glauca x engelmannii) and lo ...
''
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q26270559
Burkholderiaceae
Bacteria genera