Papakura is a southern suburb of

Auckland Auckland (pronounced ) ( mi, Tāmaki Makaurau) is a large metropolitan city in the North Island of New Zealand. The List of New Zealand urban areas by population, most populous urban area in the country and the List of cities in Oceania by po ...

, in northern

New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island count ...

. It is located on the shores of the

Pahurehure Pahurehure is a suburb of Auckland, in northern New Zealand. It is located on the south-eastern shores of the Manukau Harbour, under the authority of the Auckland Council. The suburb makes up the southernmost part of the Auckland urban area. ...

Inlet An inlet is a (usually long and narrow) indentation of a shoreline, such as a small arm, bay, sound, fjord, lagoon or marsh, that leads to an enclosed larger body of water such as a lake, estuary, gulf or marginal sea. Overview In marine geogra ...

, approximately 32 kilometres south of the

Auckland CBD The Auckland Central Business District (CBD), or Auckland city centre, is the geographical and economic heart of the Auckland metropolitan area. It is the area in which Auckland was established in 1840, by William Hobson. It is New Zealand's lea ...

. It is under the authority of the

Auckland Council Auckland Council ( mi, Te Kaunihera o Tāmaki Makaurau) is the local government council for the Auckland Region in New Zealand. It is a territorial authority that has the responsibilities, duties and powers of a regional council and so is ...

. Papakura is a

Māori Māori or Maori can refer to: Relating to the Māori people * Māori people of New Zealand, or members of that group * Māori language, the language of the Māori people of New Zealand * Māori culture * Cook Islanders, the Māori people of the C ...

word believed to have originated from ''papa'', meaning ''earth'' or ''flat'' (abbreviation of ''

Papatūānuku In Māori mythology the primal couple Rangi and Papa (or Ranginui and Papatūānuku) appear in a creation myth explaining the origin of the world (though there are many different versions). In some South Island dialects, Rangi is called Raki or Ra ...

'') and ''kura'' meaning ''red'', reflecting the rich, fertile soil upon which the community was founded.

History

A village was established at Papakura in the late 1840s by a small group of settler families who sought to farm in the area. Among these early settlers was George Cole, a

Welsh Welsh may refer to: Related to Wales * Welsh, referring or related to Wales * Welsh language, a Brittonic Celtic language spoken in Wales * Welsh people People * Welsh (surname) * Sometimes used as a synonym for the ancient Britons (Celtic peop ...

immigrant whose legacy in the town has been preserved through ''Coles Crescent'', one of the major thoroughfares in the town centre. The tract of land that was initially purchased was subdivided in 1853, with the street layout that was built initially remaining largely in place today. In 1862, construction of the Great South Road, from Auckland to the Waikato, commenced. The road passed through Papakura and was constructed during the

New Zealand Wars The New Zealand Wars took place from 1845 to 1872 between the New Zealand colonial government and allied Māori on one side and Māori and Māori-allied settlers on the other. They were previously commonly referred to as the Land Wars or the M ...

to transport supplies to the colonial militias and

British Army The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom, a part of the British Armed Forces along with the Royal Navy and the Royal Air Force. , the British Army comprises 79,380 regular full-time personnel, 4,090 Gurk ...

forces fighting in the

Invasion of the Waikato The Invasion of the Waikato became the largest and most important campaign of the 19th-century New Zealand Wars. Hostilities took place in the North Island of New Zealand between the military forces of the colonial government and a federation ...

. It was guarded by armed constabulary and was a designated military road. It remains the primary north-south thoroughfare through Papakura and part of the road forms the main street of the Papakura town centre. In 1875,

Papakura railway station Papakura railway station is a railway station in Papakura, New Zealand, on the Southern Line of the Auckland railway network. History The station was opened on 20 May 1875, as part of the Auckland and Mercer Railway on 20 May 1875, built ...

opened, linking the town to

to the north and

Hamilton Hamilton may refer to: People * Hamilton (name), a common British surname and occasional given name, usually of Scottish origin, including a list of persons with the surname ** The Duke of Hamilton, the premier peer of Scotland ** Lord Hamilt ...

to the south. In 1882, the Papakura Town District was established, for many years the only such district within what is now the southern portion of the Auckland urban area. In spite of this, the town was not particularly developed, and by 1914 had a population of just 700. In the latter 19th century, Papakura was an important location for the

kauri gum Kauri gum is resin from kauri trees (''Agathis australis''), which historically had several important industrial uses. It can also be used to make crafts such as jewellery. Kauri forests once covered much of the North Island of New Zealand, be ...

trade. Papakura township was adjacent to the large Ardmore Gumfield (also known as the Papakura Gumfield), which stretched from Manurewa to Clevedon. By the 1900s, the gumfields started being converted into farmland and orchards. In 1911, the first controlled powered flight in New Zealand took place in Papakura. The flight took place inside a single paddock within the racecourse of the now-defunct Papakura Racing Club. The flight was piloted by Vivian Walsh and was carried out in a

Howard Wright 1910 Biplane The Howard Wright 1910 Biplane was an early British aircraft built by Howard T. Wright to a design by W.O. Manning. One was used by Thomas Sopwith for his early record-breaking flights. Another made the first powered flight in New Zealand. De ...

, the parts for which were imported from England in 1910 and assembled by members of the Auckland Aeroplane Syndicate. The

Papakura Military Camp Papakura Military Camp is a New Zealand Army military camp located in the Auckland suburb of Papakura North, in northern New Zealand. It is the home of the New Zealand Special Air Service. Geography The camp was established on the outskirts of ...

was established on the outskirts of the town in 1939 and remains an important base for the

New Zealand Army , image = New Zealand Army Logo.png , image_size = 175px , caption = , start_date = , country = , branch = ...

, being the home of the

New Zealand Special Air Service The 1st New Zealand Special Air Service Regiment, abbreviated as 1 NZSAS Regt, was formed on 7 July 1955 and is the Special forces unit of the New Zealand Army, closely modelled on the British Special Air Service (SAS). It traces its origins to ...

. The camp was initially built by the Stevenson family construction business. In the early 2000s some land was set aside for new housing developments. During the major reformation of local government in 1989, Papakura became a district. Prior to 1989, a smaller area was known as ''Papakura City''. The new district included parts of the surrounding rural countryside that had previously been part of Manukau City. The newly amalgamated area was known as the Papakura District. Instead of being an independent city, as Papakura had been previously, the district became a part of the also newly-created Auckland Regional Council area. From October 2010, after a review of the Royal Commission on Auckland Governance, the various cities and districts of the Auckland Region were amalgamated into a single unitary authority, governed by the

. As well as the Papakura District, the other cities and districts within the Auckland Region, such as the neighbouring Manukau City, as well as the regional council itself, were abolished with the entire area merged into a single authority. Papakura and the other suburbs of the former Papakura District are now in the Papakura Local Board within the Manurewa-Papakura Ward of the

. The entirety of Papakura and the former district is included as part of the Auckland urban area for statistical purposes, forming part of its southern boundary.

Demographics

Papakura covers and had an estimated population of as of with a population density of people per km². Papakura had a population of 22,500 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 3,276 people (17.0%) since the 2013 New Zealand census, 2013 census, and an increase of 4,833 people (27.4%) since the 2006 New Zealand census, 2006 census. There were 6,636 households, comprising 11,085 males and 11,412 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.97 males per female, with 5,745 people (25.5%) aged under 15 years, 5,238 (23.3%) aged 15 to 29, 9,279 (41.2%) aged 30 to 64, and 2,232 (9.9%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 46.3% European/Pākehā, 34.2%

, 21.6% Pasifika New Zealanders, Pacific peoples, 16.9% Asian New Zealanders, Asian, and 2.7% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas was 25.7, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 40.9% had no religion, 37.6% were Christianity in New Zealand, Christian, 3.3% had Māori religion, Māori religious beliefs, 5.0% were Hinduism in New Zealand, Hindu, 1.4% were Islam in New Zealand, Muslim, 0.9% were Buddhism in New Zealand, Buddhist and 4.1% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 2,346 (14.0%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 3,885 (23.2%) people had no formal qualifications. 1,857 people (11.1%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 8,463 (50.5%) people were employed full-time, 1,833 (10.9%) were part-time, and 1,119 (6.7%) were unemployed. Most of Papakura is residential, with a commercial area on the western side. The area southeast of Papakura is almost entirely industrial.

Education

The following schools are located in Papakura (schools in Takanini and other adjacent suburbs are excluded): Papakura High School is a secondary school (years 9–13) with a roll of . The school was established in 1954. In 2020, Māori students were 59% of the roll and Pacific Islands students were 29%. Papakura Intermediate is an intermediate school (years 7–8) with a roll of . The school opened in 1962. From 2000 to 2017 it was called Mansell Senior School. In 2018, Māori students were 74% of the roll and Pacific Islands students were 22%. Papakura Normal School and Edmund Hillary School are full primary schools (years 1–8) with rolls of and students, respectively. Papakura Normal opened as Papakura North School in 1953, and changed to its current name when it affiliated to Ardmore Teachers College in 1958. Edmund Hillary opened in 1963. Its name pays tribute to the Edmund Hillary, mountaineer. Papakura Central School, Kelvin Road School and Cosgrove School are contributing primary schools (years 1–6) with rolls of , and students, respectively. Papakura Central traces its origins back to 1876. Kelvin Road opened in 1968. Cosgrove opened in 1959. All these schools are coeducational. Rolls are as of

Facilities

Government

In addition to the Local Council Chambers, Papakura is served by a large police station (one of Auckland's busiest), a District Court, and a New Zealand Ministry of Social Development, WINZ office. In the Pitcairn sexual assault trial of 2004, the Papakura Courthouse was where the Pitcairn Supreme Court sat to hear the case.

Armed forces

Papakura once served a large New Zealand Army, military population, but now only the Special Air Service of New Zealand, SAS special forces are based at Papakura. Nearby houses were originally Army Homes, but are now in private hands. The army base was made much smaller in the 2010s and become a residential area for a large number of modern houses, both detached and terraced. The subdivision is called McLennan Housing Development next to McLennan Park, home of Papakura Football Club. McLennan being the name of the farming brothers that first settled in the area from Scotland.

Transport

New Zealand, State Highway 1 and the North Island Main Trunk railway run through the Papakura District. State Highway 1 ran down Great South Road through central Papakura until 1965, when it was bypassed by the Auckland Southern Motorway. Public transport is provided by train and bus services, with frequent trains on the Southern Line (Auckland), Southern Line between Papakura railway station, Papakura and the CBD (Britomart Transport Centre, Britomart). Recent investment has focused on upgrading and refurbishing the region's trains and suburban railway stations, most recently with the opening of a modern station facility at the town centre. Papakura is the final stop for most southbound public transport in Auckland, and Papakura is the third busiest station on the rail network. Drawn by frequent services into and out of the city, rail commuters come from Papakura itself, Franklin County and the northern Waikato. Though the motorway and Great South Road flow relatively freely at peak times, road commuters are affected by the acute traffic congestion as they get closer to metropolitan Auckland.

Sport and recreation

Some notable sports facilities include an indoor-outdoor swimming pool, an international-quality athletics track, a sports stadium, and venues for rugby, netball, cricket, golf, tennis, badminton, soccer, and many other sports. The council also operates a library and a theatre. Papakura also has a number of skate parks, and a skate bowl. Papakura is home to association football club Papakura City FC, Papakura City, who compete in the Lotto Sport Italia NRFL Division 2, rugby union club Papakura RFC who are members of the Counties Manukau Rugby Union, rugby league club Papakura Sea Eagles, who compete in the Auckland Rugby League's Fox Memorial competition (division 1), and Papakura Cricket Club who compete in the Counties Manukau Cricket Association competition. Papakura and the surrounding area is represented by the Counties Manukau Rugby Union, Counties Manukau Steelers in first-class rugby union and Northern Districts Cricket Association, Northern Districts in first-class cricket.

Museum

Papakura Museum showcases the area's local history. It opened in the 1980s.

Notable people

* Fleur Adcock – Poet * John Afoa - Rugby union player, All Black * Sir Edmund Hillary - Mountaineer and explorer * Katrina Grant – Southern Steel and Silver Ferns netballer * Lance Hamilton – International cricketer * Jerome Kaino - Rugby union player, All Black * Keven Mealamu – Rugby union player, All Black * Reg Mombassa – Artist and musician * P-Money – Music of New Zealand, Hip-hop DJ * Blair Pocock – International cricketer * Kieran Read – Rugby union player, All Black * Joe Rokocoko – Rugby union player, All Black * David Sabine – Cricketer * Kim Smith (athlete), Kimberley Smith – Long-distance runner * John Walker (runner), John Walker – Middle-distance runner, Olympic gold medallist * George Warren Hawkins, George Hawkins – Politician, Member of Parliament

Notable buildings

* Christ Church (Anglican) established in 1862 with Selwyn Chapel.

References

External links

Photographs of Papakura
held in Auckland Libraries' heritage collections. {{Papakura Local Board Area Suburbs of Auckland Populated places around the Manukau Harbour