''Panaqolus'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

of small

catfish Catfish (or catfishes; order Siluriformes or Nematognathi) are a diverse group of ray-finned fish. Named for their prominent barbels, which resemble a cat's whiskers, catfish range in size and behavior from the three largest species alive, ...

in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Loricariidae The Loricariidae is the largest family of catfish (order Siluriformes), with 92 genera and just over 680 species. Loricariids originate from freshwater habitats of Costa Rica, Panama, and tropical and subtropical South America. These fish are not ...

native to rivers in tropical

South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the southe ...

. Its members were formerly thought to belong to a clade of small-sized species in the genus ''

Panaque The genus ''Panaque'' contains a small number of small to medium-sized South American suckermouth armoured catfishes that are notable for being among the very few vertebrates that feed extensively on wood. In addition, algae and aufwuchs are a ...

'', until this genus was separated from ''Panaque'' in 2001. At times it has been considered a subgenus of ''Panaque'', and the validity of the genus has been disputed by various authors and sources. '' Pseudoqolus koko'' was formerly considered to be a member of this genus, although it was reclassified as a member of the currently monotypic genus ''Pseudoqolus'' by Nathan K. Lujan, Christian A. Cramer, Raphael Covain, Sonia Fisch-Muller, and Hernán López-Fernández following a 2017 molecular phylogenetic analysis.Lujan, N. K., Cramer, C. A., Covain, R., Fisch-Muller, S., & López-Fernández, H. (2017). Multilocus molecular phylogeny of the ornamental wood-eating catfishes (Siluriformes, Loricariidae, Panaqolus and Panaque) reveals undescribed diversity and parapatric clades. ''Molecular phylogenetics and evolution'', ''109'', 321–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2016.12.040

Species

There are currently 11 recognized species in this genus: * '' Panaqolus albivermis'' Lujan,

Steele Steele may refer to: Places America * Steele, Alabama, a town * Steele, Arkansas, an unincorporated community * Steele, Kentucky, an unincorporated community * Steele, Missouri, a city * Lonetree, Montana, a ghost town originally called Steele ...

& Velasquez, 2013Lujan, N.K., Steele, S. & Velasquez, M. (2013)
A new distinctively banded species of ''Panaqolus'' (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the western Amazon Basin in Peru.
''Zootaxa, 3691 (1): 192–198.'' * '' Panaqolus albomaculatus'' (

Kanazawa is the capital city of Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 466,029 in 203,271 households, and a population density of 990 persons per km2. The total area of the city was . Overview Cityscape File:もてな ...

, 1958) * '' Panaqolus changae'' ( Chockley & Armbruster, 2002) * '' Panaqolus claustellifer'' M. Tan, L. S. Souza & Armbruster, 2016Tan, M., Souza, L.S.d. & Armbruster, J.W. (2016)
A new species of ''Panaqolus'' (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rio Branco.
''Neotropical Ichthyology, 14 (2): e150033.'' * '' Panaqolus dentex'' ( Günther, 1868) * '' Panaqolus gnomus'' (

Schaefer Schaefer is an alternative spelling and cognate for the German language, German word Wikt:Schäfer, ''schäfer'', meaning Wikt:shepherd, 'shepherd', which itself descends from the Old High German ''Wikt:scāphare, scāphare''. Variants "Shaefer", " ...

& D. J. Stewart, 1993) * ''

Panaqolus maccus ''Panaqolus maccus'', commonly called the clown panaque, clown plecostomus, clown pleco, or ringlet pleco, is a dwarf loricariid. By numbering systems such as the L-number system, this fish may also be known as L104, L162, or LDA22. Distribution ...

'' (

& D. J. Stewart, 1993) * '' Panaqolus nix''

Cramer Cramer may refer to: Businesses * Cramer brothers, 18th century publishers * Cramer Systems, a software company * Cramer & Co., a former musical-related business in London Other uses * Cramer (surname), including a list of people and fictional ...

& Rapp Py-Daniel, 2015Cramer, C.A. & Rapp Py-Daniel, L.H. (2015)
A new species of ''Panaqolus'' (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rio Madeira basin with remarkable intraspecific color variation.
''Neotropical Ichthyology, 13 (3): 461-470.'' * '' Panaqolus nocturnus'' (

& D. J. Stewart, 1993) * '' Panaqolus purusiensis'' ( La Monte, 1935)Cramer, C.A. (2014)
Redescription of ''Panaqolus purusiensis'' (LaMonte, 1935) (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) with identification key to the species of the genus.
''Neotropical Ichthyology, 12 (1): 61-70.'' * '' Panaqolus tankei''

& L. M. de Sousa, 2016Cramer, C.A. & Sousa, L.M.d. (2016)
A New Species of Tiger Pleco ''Panaqolus'' (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Xingu Basin, Brazil.
''PLoS ONE, 11 (11): e0165388.''

References

Loricariidae Fish of South America Taxa named by Isaäc J. H. Isbrücker Freshwater fish genera {{Loricariidae-stub