Protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta is an
enzyme
Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products. A ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''PTK2B''
gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a ba ...
.
Function
This gene encodes a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase that is involved in calcium-induced regulation of ion channels and activation of the
map kinase signaling pathway. The encoded protein may represent an important signaling intermediate between neuropeptide-activated receptors or neurotransmitters that increase calcium flux and the downstream signals that regulate neuronal activity.
[
The encoded protein undergoes rapid tyrosine phosphorylation and activation in response to increases in the intracellular calcium concentration ]
, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, or nAChRs, are receptor polypeptides that respond to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Nicotinic receptors also respond to drugs such as the agonist nicotine. They are found in the central and peripheral ne ...
activation, membrane depolarization, or protein kinase C
In cell biology, Protein kinase C, commonly abbreviated to PKC (EC 2.7.11.13), is a family of protein kinase enzymes that are involved in controlling the function of other proteins through the phosphorylation of hydroxyl groups of serine and t ...
activation.[ In addition, SOCE-induced Pyk2 activation mediates disassembly of ]endothelial
The endothelium is a single layer of squamous endothelial cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. The endothelium forms an interface between circulating blood or lymph in the lumen and the rest of the vessel ...
adherens junctions
Adherens junctions (or zonula adherens, intermediate junction, or "belt desmosome") are protein complexes that occur at cell–cell junctions, cell–matrix junctions in epithelial and endothelial tissues, usually more basal than tight junctions. ...
, via tyrosine (Y1981-residue) phosphorylation of VE-PTP.[
This protein has been shown to bind a CRK-associated substrate, a nephrocystin, a GTPase regulator associated with FAK, and the SH2 domain of GRB2.][
The encoded protein is a member of the FAK subfamily of protein tyrosine kinases but lacks significant sequence similarity to kinases from other subfamilies. Four transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene.]
Interactions
PTK2B has been shown to interact
Advocates for Informed Choice, dba interACT or interACT Advocates for Intersex Youth, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization using innovative strategies to advocate for the legal and human rights of children with intersex traits. The organizati ...
with:
* BCAR1
Breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BCAR1'' gene.
Gene
BCAR1 is localized on chromosome 16 on region q, on the negative strand and it consists of seven exons. Eight different gene is ...
,
* Cbl gene
''Cbl'' (named after Casitas B-lineage Lymphoma) is a mammalian gene encoding the protein CBL which is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in cell signalling and protein ubiquitination. Mutations to this gene have been implicated in a numb ...
,
* DDEF2
Arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ASAP2'' gene.
This gene encodes a multidomain protein containing an N-terminal alpha-helical region with a coiled-coil motif, f ...
,
* DLG3
Disks large homolog 3 (DLG3) also known as neuroendocrine-DLG or synapse-associated protein 102 (SAP-102) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''DLG3'' gene. DLG3 is a member of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) superfamily ...
,[
* ]DLG4
PSD-95 (postsynaptic density protein 95) also known as SAP-90 (synapse-associated protein 90) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''DLG4'' (discs large homolog 4) gene.
PSD-95 is a member of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAG ...
,[
* ]Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1
RNA-binding protein EWS is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''EWSR1'' gene on human chromosome 22, specifically 22q12.2. It is one of 3 proteins in the FET protein family. The q22.2 region of chromosome 22 encodes the N-terminal transact ...
,
* FYN
Funen ( da, Fyn, ), with an area of , is the third-largest island of Denmark, after Zealand and Vendsyssel-Thy. It is the 165th-largest island in the world. It is located in the central part of the country and has a population of 469,947 as ...
,
* GRIN2A
Glutamate MDAreceptor subunit epsilon-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''GRIN2A'' gene. The canonical GluN2A subunit isoform encompasses 1464 amino acids. Alternative splicing can generate a primate-specific GluN2A-short isoform (12 ...
,
* Gelsolin
Gelsolin is an actin-binding protein that is a key regulator of actin filament assembly and disassembly. Gelsolin is one of the most potent members of the actin-severing gelsolin/villin superfamily, as it severs with nearly 100% efficiency.
Cellu ...
,
* NPHP1
Nephrocystin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''NPHP1'' gene.
Function
This gene encodes a protein with src homology domain 3 (SH3) patterns. Mutations in this gene cause familial juvenile nephronophthisis.
Interactions
NPHP1 ...
,
* PITPNM1
Membrane-associated phosphatidylinositol transfer protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PITPNM1'' gene.
Function
PITPNM1 belongs to a family of proteins that share homology with the Drosophila retinal degeneration B (rdgB) p ...
,
* PTPN11
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11 (PTPN11) also known as protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1D (PTP-1D), Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-2 (SHP-2), or protein-tyrosine phosphatase 2C (PTP-2C) is an enzyme that in huma ...
,
* PTPN6
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6, also known as Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PTPN6'' gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member ...
,
* Paxillin
Paxillin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PXN'' gene. Paxillin is expressed at focal adhesions of non-striated cells and at costameres of striated muscle cells, and it functions to adhere cells to the extracellular matrix. Mutation ...
,
* RAS p21 protein activator 1
RAS p21 protein activator 1 or RasGAP (Ras GTPase activating protein), also known as RASA1, is a 120-kDa cytosolic human protein that provides two principal activities:
* Inactivation of Ras from its active GTP-bound form to its inactive GDP-boun ...
,
* RB1CC1
RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RB1CC1'' gene.
Interactions
RB1CC1 has been shown to interact with PTK2B, ASK1 and PTK2
PTK2 protein tyrosine kinase 2 (PTK2), also known as focal adhesion ...
,
* SORBS2
ArgBP2 protein, also referred to as Sorbin and SH3 domain-containing protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SORBS2'' gene. ArgBP2 belongs to the a small family of adaptor proteins having sorbin homology (SOHO) domains. ArgBP2 is ...
,[
* Src,] and
* TGFB1I1
Transforming growth factor beta-1-induced transcript 1 protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TGFB1I1'' gene. Often put together with and studied alongside TGFB1I1 is the mouse homologue HIC-5 ( Hydrogen Peroxide-Inducible Clone ...
,
* VE-PTP[
]
See also
* Tyrosine kinase
A tyrosine kinase is an enzyme that can transfer a phosphate group from ATP to the tyrosine residues of specific proteins inside a cell. It functions as an "on" or "off" switch in many cellular functions.
Tyrosine kinases belong to a larger cla ...
References
Further reading
*
*
*
External links
*
{{Portal bar, Biology, border=no
Tyrosine kinases