PKP Class Pt31
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PKP Class Pt31 is a Polish
steam locomotive A steam locomotive is a locomotive that provides the force to move itself and other vehicles by means of the expansion of steam. It is fuelled by burning combustible material (usually coal, oil or, rarely, wood) to heat water in the locomot ...
of
Polskie Koleje Państwowe (''PKP S.A.''; en, Polish State Railways, Inc.) is the dominant railway operator in Poland. The company was founded when the former state-owned enterprise was divided into several units based on the need for separation between infrastructure ...
, designed for hauling heavy long-distance passenger trains, built in 1932-1940. The designation stood for fast passenger (P)
2-8-2 Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, represents the wheel arrangement of two leading wheels on one axle, usually in a leading truck, eight powered and coupled driving wheels on four axles and two trailing wheel ...
(t) steam locomotive designed in 1931. The locomotive was entirely Polish design, designed in
Fablok Fablok is a Polish manufacturer of locomotives, based in Chrzanów. Until 1947 the official name was ''First Factory of Locomotives in Poland Ltd.'' ( pl, Pierwsza Fabryka Lokomotyw w Polsce Sp. Akc.), Fablok being a widely used syllabic abbrevia ...
in
Chrzanów Chrzanów () is a town in southern Poland with 35,651 inhabitants as of December 2021. It is situated in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship (since 1999) and is the seat of Chrzanów County. History History to 1809 It is impossible to establish ...
. Polish Ministry of Transport ordered two classes of fast passenger locomotives in Polish factories to compare their merits. Fablok 2-8-2 design was to be named Pt29, but the design was delayed and accepted on in 1931, thus becoming Pt31. Three prototypes were built in 1932 and successfully competed with
4-8-2 Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, represents the wheel arrangement of four leading wheels, eight powered and coupled driving wheels and two trailing wheels. This type of steam locomotive is commonly known as t ...
Pu29 locomotive - both were similar, but more compact Pt31 better suited Polish turntables. From 1934, a series production for the PKP followed, and by the outbreak of
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
in 1939, 98 were made, numbered Pt31-1 to 98. Further twelve were completed in 1940 under
German occupation German-occupied Europe refers to the sovereign countries of Europe which were wholly or partly occupied and civil-occupied (including puppet governments) by the military forces and the government of Nazi Germany at various times between 1939 an ...
. Pt31 became the strongest machines hauling long-distance passenger trains in Poland. A maximum speed was . It could achieve at least 105 km/h with a train of , or could haul the train of with lower speed. During the war, 54 locomotives were captured by the Germans and impressed into service as DR class 191, with numbers 101 to 154. Further twelve were first designated as class 3910, finally class 191, with numbers 155 to 166. Remaining 44 Pt31 locomotives were captured by the Soviets in Poland, 21 of them had been converted to broad gauge by 1941, transliterated as ПТ-31 class. A number of Soviet locomotives were captured again by the Germans from 1941, and received German numbers up to 180. After World War II, Poland reclaimed 65 locomotives, receiving new numbers Pt31-1 to 66 (number 46 was mistakenly assigned to Pu29-3). Before that, they temporarilly served in Czechoslovakia as class 488, Austria, Hungary and both German countries. Three locomotives of wartime production remained on Austrian railways as
ÖBB The Austrian Federal Railways (german: Österreichische Bundesbahnen, formally (lit. "Austrian Federal Railways Holding Stock Company") and formerly the or ''BBÖ''), now commonly known as ÖBB, is the national railway company ...
class 919 until 1961, and several broad-gauge remained in the Soviet Union. These locomotives were used until 1979 in Poland. Only two were preserved, in non-working condition. A post-war development was
PKP class Pt47 PKP Class Pt47 is a Polish steam locomotive. An improvement of the successful pre-war PKP class Pt31 class, the main difference is the addition of circular tubes in the fire chamber, thereby significantly increased boiler performance. This class al ...
.


References

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Pkp class Pt31 Railway locomotives introduced in 1932 Pt31 2-8-2 locomotives Fablok locomotives Standard gauge locomotives of Poland