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Pesa (Pojazdy Szynowe Pesa Bydgoszcz) is a Polish company manufacturing railway vehicles based in
Bydgoszcz Bydgoszcz ( , , ; german: Bromberg) is a city in northern Poland, straddling the meeting of the River Vistula with its left-bank tributary, the Brda. With a city population of 339,053 as of December 2021 and an urban agglomeration with more ...
. The name 'Pesa' derives from the initials PS which stand for ''Pojazdy Szynowe,'' 'railway vehicles' in Polish. Pesa is a successor to the Bydgoszcz repair shops of PKP ''Polskie Koleje Państwowe,'' Polish State Railways. From the 1950s until 1998 the repair shops operated under the name ZNTK Bydgoszcz, ''Zakłady Naprawcze Taboru Kolejowego,'' 'Repair Shop for Railway Rolling Stock' in Bydgoszcz. For most of its history the Bydgoszcz shop overhauled and repaired
steam locomotive A steam locomotive is a locomotive that provides the force to move itself and other vehicles by means of the expansion of steam. It is fuelled by burning combustible material (usually coal, oil or, rarely, wood) to heat water in the locomot ...
s and freight cars. After the collapse in 1989 of the Communist regime in Poland the ZNTK Bydgoszcz repair shop was spun off in 1991 as an independent company. This led to a re-thinking of the firm's activities, and in 2001 the company was renamed ''Pojazdy Szynowe Pesa Spółka Akcyjna Holding'' (its present name) and its activities were re-oriented away from repair to the construction of new railway rolling stock. This transformation of Pesa's activities has been very successful. Since 2001 Pesa has secured contracts to supply new Light rail vehicles (LRVs, trams) to
Warsaw Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officia ...
,
Gdańsk Gdańsk ( , also ; ; csb, Gduńsk;Stefan Ramułt, ''Słownik języka pomorskiego, czyli kaszubskiego'', Kraków 1893, Gdańsk 2003, ISBN 83-87408-64-6. , Johann Georg Theodor Grässe, ''Orbis latinus oder Verzeichniss der lateinischen Benen ...
and other cities in
Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...
,
Hungary Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia a ...
,
Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
and
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country located mainly in Central Asia and partly in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the north and west, China to the east, Kyrgyzstan to the southeast, Uzbeki ...
; and both
electric Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter that has a property of electric charge. Electricity is related to magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism, as described by ...
and
diesel multiple unit A diesel multiple unit or DMU is a multiple-unit train powered by on-board diesel engines. A DMU requires no separate locomotive, as the engines are incorporated into one or more of the carriages. Diesel-powered single-unit railcars are also ...
trains (EMUs and DMUs) to operators in Poland, Italy, Kazakhstan and Germany. Pesa's most noteworthy contracts are: (1) a May 29, 2009, contract worth 1.5bn złoty ($460 million) for 186 trams for Warsaw, Poland to replace 40 percent of that city’s fleet, and (2) on September 19, 2012, Pesa signed two framework agreements with DB, Deutsche Bahn, German Railways to supply up to 470
Diesel multiple unit A diesel multiple unit or DMU is a multiple-unit train powered by on-board diesel engines. A DMU requires no separate locomotive, as the engines are incorporated into one or more of the carriages. Diesel-powered single-unit railcars are also ...
(DMU) trains for regional and local services, with a total value of up to €1.2bn ($1.5 billion).


History


19th century: the Prussian era

Before the re-establishment of
Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...
as a sovereign state in 1918, the city of
Bydgoszcz Bydgoszcz ( , , ; german: Bromberg) is a city in northern Poland, straddling the meeting of the River Vistula with its left-bank tributary, the Brda. With a city population of 339,053 as of December 2021 and an urban agglomeration with more ...
, whose German name is
Bromberg Bydgoszcz ( , , ; german: Bromberg) is a city in northern Poland, straddling the meeting of the River Vistula with its left-bank tributary, the Brda. With a city population of 339,053 as of December 2021 and an urban agglomeration with more ...
, was part of
Prussia Prussia, , Old Prussian: ''Prūsa'' or ''Prūsija'' was a German state on the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. It formed the German Empire under Prussian rule when it united the German states in 1871. It was ''de facto'' dissolved by an em ...
. The Bydgoszcz workshop was founded in 1851 as the 'Repair Workshop of the
Prussian Eastern Railway The Prussian Eastern Railway (german: Preußische Ostbahn) was a railway in the Kingdom of Prussia and later Germany until 1918. Its main route, approximately long, connected the capital, Berlin, with the cities of Danzig (now Gdańsk, Poland) ...
' (''Reparaturbetrieb der östlichen Eisenbahn''). It was located near the Bydgoszcz Główna railway station, opposite the original station which was built in that same year. Originally it comprised a locomotive depot and a smithy. By 1855 an administration building was added, and in 1856 a locomotive repair shed. Further enlargement and rebuilding of the repair shop of the Prussian Eastern Railway took place in the 1860s, 1870s and 1880s. During this period a new smithy was built, a new locomotive repair shed with 44 bays, a railcar repair shed, facilities for sheet metal repair, a paint shop, a metalwork shop as well as facilities for repair of tenders and construction of switches. In 1867 a tunnel leading from the present Zygmunt August Street to the repair shops, and running under the railway tracks, was put into service. As the workshop developed, it occupied an increasing area. Originally, the area was only 1 hectare. At the beginning of the 20th century, the site had expanded to 17 hectares. The position of the Bydgoszcz shop within the organization of the
Prussian Eastern Railway The Prussian Eastern Railway (german: Preußische Ostbahn) was a railway in the Kingdom of Prussia and later Germany until 1918. Its main route, approximately long, connected the capital, Berlin, with the cities of Danzig (now Gdańsk, Poland) ...
underwent several changes. Originally, it fell under the Directorate of the Eastern Railway in Bydgoszcz and returned to this place in the organization after 1874.


The interwar period 1918–1939

Before 1918, for more than a century the territory of Poland had been divided between the
Austrian partition The Austrian Partition ( pl, zabór austriacki) comprise the former territories of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth acquired by the Habsburg monarchy during the Partitions of Poland in the late 18th century. The three partition (politics), p ...
, the
Prussian partition The Prussian Partition ( pl, Zabór pruski), or Prussian Poland, is the former territories of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth acquired during the Partitions of Poland, in the late 18th century by the Kingdom of Prussia. The Prussian acquis ...
and the
Russian partition The Russian Partition ( pl, zabór rosyjski), sometimes called Russian Poland, constituted the former territories of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that were annexed by the Russian Empire in the course of late-18th-century Partitions of Po ...
. After
World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
(1914–18) Poland was re-constituted in 1918 as a sovereign independent state. After 1920 the 'Railway Rolling-Stock Repair Shop' in Bydgoszcz was renamed the 'PKP Class 1 Principal Workshop' under the Regional Directorate of the State Railways PKP in
Gdańsk Gdańsk ( , also ; ; csb, Gduńsk;Stefan Ramułt, ''Słownik języka pomorskiego, czyli kaszubskiego'', Kraków 1893, Gdańsk 2003, ISBN 83-87408-64-6. , Johann Georg Theodor Grässe, ''Orbis latinus oder Verzeichniss der lateinischen Benen ...
, and after October 1, 1933, under the Regional Directorate in
Toruń )'' , image_skyline = , image_caption = , image_flag = POL Toruń flag.svg , image_shield = POL Toruń COA.svg , nickname = City of Angels, Gingerbread city, Copernicus Town , pushpin_map = Kuyavian-Pom ...
. During the interwar period, the Bydgoszcz facility was one of 13 principal railway workshops in Poland, six of which belonged to Class I and seven belonged to Class II. In terms of the size of the workforce and the size of the budget, the Bydgoszcz workshop was the second-largest in Poland, after ZNTK Poznań. In the 1920s the workshop was affected negatively by the departure of workers of German nationality (1500 employees) who were replaced by Poles, among them, emigrants returning from
Westphalia Westphalia (; german: Westfalen ; nds, Westfalen ) is a region of northwestern Germany and one of the three historic parts of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It has an area of and 7.9 million inhabitants. The territory of the regio ...
and the
Rhineland The Rhineland (german: Rheinland; french: Rhénanie; nl, Rijnland; ksh, Rhingland; Latinised name: ''Rhenania'') is a loosely defined area of Western Germany along the Rhine, chiefly its middle section. Term Historically, the Rhinelands ...
. The first head of the Bydgoszcz shop was F. Hoffman, who was a member of the Polish commission taking over the workshop from German management on January 20, 1920. His successors were inż. Osiński (1923–26), inż. R. Szmidt (1926–37) and mgr inż. Jan Rupiński (1937–39).


German occupation 1939–1945

Military activity in the
German invasion of Poland The invasion of Poland (1 September – 6 October 1939) was a joint attack on the Republic of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union which marked the beginning of World War II. The German invasion began on 1 September 1939, one week afte ...
of September 1939 did not do significant damage to the Bydgoszcz railway workshop. After being taken over by the
German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ger ...
administration, it was named the 'Bydgoszcz State Railway Repair Shop' (''Reichsbahnausbesserungswerk Bromberg''). All managerial positions were taken by Germans, and the majority of foremen and section chiefs were
Volksdeutsche In Nazi German terminology, ''Volksdeutsche'' () were "people whose language and culture had German origins but who did not hold German citizenship". The term is the nominalised plural of '' volksdeutsch'', with ''Volksdeutsche'' denoting a sin ...
, or ethnic Germans, who were a privileged class during the 1939–45 Nazi German
occupation of Poland Occupation commonly refers to: *Occupation (human activity), or job, one's role in society, often a regular activity performed for payment *Occupation (protest), political demonstration by holding public or symbolic spaces *Military occupation, th ...
. Polish workers were forced to work double shifts, where each shift lasted about 10 hours. The nature of the workshop’s activities was unchanged during this period. The workshop overhauled locomotives and freight cars. The workshop did not suffer major physical damage from military action during the liberation. Polish workers used sabotage to prevent German looting of plant machinery and production equipment which had been dismantled and prepared for shipment to Germany. Polish workers also saved the railway bridges and the Queen Jadwiga Bridge in Bydgoszcz from being blown up by the Germans.


Postwar period 1945–1989

After the liberation of Bydgoszcz the workshop reverted to its former name 'PKP Class 1 Principal Workshop,' and Engineering Manager Jan Rupiński returned as head of the organization. After 1950 the adoption of centralized economic planning in Poland led to important changes in the structure and organization of the workshop. It was renamed 'Repair Shop for Steam Locomotives and Freight Cars No. 13 in Bydgoszcz.' Further changes led to the name 'State Enterprise Workshop for Rolling-Stock Repair in Bydgoszcz.' In the 1940s and 1950s facilities were rebuilt and new ones were added. Among others, a boiler shop, welding shop, a model shop and store of models, housing for the fire brigade, storerooms and a workers' hotel were added. In 1961–73 a new waterworks, a medical clinic, a cultural center and a dining hall were built, and the headquarters building was enlarged. On December 10, 1975, the first pouring of cast iron took place in a foundry that remains in operation today. By 1970 a total of 14,701 steam locomotives and 272,494 freight cars had been overhauled. The last overhauled steam locomotive left the workshop on October 18, 1985. A total of 20,297 steam locomotives were overhauled in the postwar period. The first diesel locomotive to be repaired was received in 1977. Repairs of electric rolling stock began in 1990. Under the
People's Republic of Poland The Polish People's Republic ( pl, Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, PRL) was a country in Central Europe that existed from 1947 to 1989 as the predecessor of the modern Republic of Poland. With a population of approximately 37.9 million nea ...
(1952–89) as in previous times, the workshop was one of the largest employers in
Bydgoszcz Bydgoszcz ( , , ; german: Bromberg) is a city in northern Poland, straddling the meeting of the River Vistula with its left-bank tributary, the Brda. With a city population of 339,053 as of December 2021 and an urban agglomeration with more ...
. On November 28, 1981, the flag of the Factory Committee of
Solidarity ''Solidarity'' is an awareness of shared interests, objectives, standards, and sympathies creating a psychological sense of unity of groups or classes. It is based on class collaboration.''Merriam Webster'', http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictio ...
was raised at the plant.
Solidarity ''Solidarity'' is an awareness of shared interests, objectives, standards, and sympathies creating a psychological sense of unity of groups or classes. It is based on class collaboration.''Merriam Webster'', http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictio ...
played a major role in the region. The Bydgoszcz workshop was one of seventeen 'key factories' in Solidarity's structure, and Solidarity had several thousand members at the workshop, including the management. The Committee took part in all nationwide actions organized by 'Solidarity.' Solidarity leader
Lech Wałęsa Lech Wałęsa (; ; born 29 September 1943) is a Polish statesman, dissident, and Nobel Peace Prize laureate, who served as the President of Poland between 1990 and 1995. After winning the 1990 election, Wałęsa became the first democratica ...
visited the plant in 1981. After Jaruzelski's government imposed Martial law in Poland on December 13, 1981, the members of the Regional Board were arrested by the state
Militia A militia () is generally an army or some other fighting organization of non-professional soldiers, citizens of a country, or subjects of a state, who may perform military service during a time of need, as opposed to a professional force of r ...
and imprisoned, and the property of the Factory Committee was confiscated. The representative of the Factory Committee on the Regional Board was forced to emigrate from Poland. In 1982 the Bydgoszcz workshop, together with other ZNTK's, ''Zaklady Naprawcze Taboru Kolejowego,'' 'Repair Shops for Railway Rolling Stock' was incorporated in the structure of PKP with the objective of establishing military control. In 1984 the name was changed to 'Defenders of Bydgoszcz, PKP Workshops for Railway Rolling-Stock Repair.'


After 1990

The change of government in 1989, namely the end of Communism in Poland, compelled the Bydgoszcz workshop to take steps to find itself a place under the new economic conditions in Poland. On July 24, 1991, ZNTK Bydgoszcz was spun off from the Polish State Railways PKP and became an independent enterprise, its first activities being the repair of passenger rail cars for PKP and also for
Warszawska Kolej Dojazdowa Warsaw Commuter Railway ( pl, Warszawska Kolej Dojazdowa, WKD) is a light rail commuter line in Poland's capital city of Warsaw. The line, together with its two branches, links Warsaw with the municipalities of Michałowice, Pruszków, Brwinów ...
, the Warsaw suburban system. It also entered into cooperative agreements with foreign partners, with partners in
Lithuania Lithuania (; lt, Lietuva ), officially the Republic of Lithuania ( lt, Lietuvos Respublika, links=no ), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. Lithuania ...
(1994),
Belarus Belarus,, , ; alternatively and formerly known as Byelorussia (from Russian ). officially the Republic of Belarus,; rus, Республика Беларусь, Respublika Belarus. is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by R ...
(1996),
Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
(1999),
Ukraine Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...
and
Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
(2000). On November 2, 1995, the enterprise was transformed into a
Joint-stock company A joint-stock company is a business entity in which shares of the company's capital stock, stock can be bought and sold by shareholders. Each shareholder owns company stock in proportion, evidenced by their share (finance), shares (certificates ...
under the State Treasury, and in 1996 its stock was placed in the National Investment Funds.


After 2001: production of modern rolling stock

On August 17, 2001, a meeting of shareholders authorized the company to adopt the new name ''Pojazdy Szynowe Pesa Bydgoszcz Spółka Akcyjna Holding.'' The reason was a change in the firm's principal activities. The most important activity in the future would be building new rolling stock. Repairs and modernization would be secondary activities. In 2001 the company was active in its cooperation with the General Directorate of
Ukrainian Railways Ukrainian Railways ( uk, Укрзалізниця, Ukrzaliznytsia, abbreviated as UZ) is a state-owned joint-stock company of rail transport in Ukraine, a monopoly that controls the vast majority of the railroad transportation in the country. I ...
and with
Lithuanian Railways Lithuanian Railways ( lt, Lietuvos geležinkeliai), abbreviated LTG, is the national state-owned railway company of Lithuania. It operates most of the railway network in the country. During 2020, Lithuanian Railways transported 3.34 m ...
. A firm was established in
Vilnius Vilnius ( , ; see also other names) is the capital and largest city of Lithuania, with a population of 592,389 (according to the state register) or 625,107 (according to the municipality of Vilnius). The population of Vilnius's functional urb ...
, with the Bydsgoszcz firm as majority owner, for the purpose of carrying out overhauls of locomotives for the Lithuanian Railways. In 2001 the Pesa was the first constructor in Poland to begin production of
railbus A railbus is a lightweight passenger railcar that shares many aspects of its construction with a bus, typically having a bus (original or modified) body and four wheels on a fixed base, instead of on bogies. Originally designed and developed ...
es for regional and local transportation. These railbuses won a prize at the International Railways Fair. In 2004–05 Pesa built an order of railbuses for Ukraine. In 2003 Pesa won a prize at the Trako Railway Fair in Gdansk for a sleeping car meeting
EuroNight EuroNight, abbreviated EN, is a European train category which denotes many main-line national and international night train services within the Western and Central European inter-city rail network. Overview The classification and name were bro ...
standards. From 2004 onwards Pesa delivered both
diesel multiple unit A diesel multiple unit or DMU is a multiple-unit train powered by on-board diesel engines. A DMU requires no separate locomotive, as the engines are incorporated into one or more of the carriages. Diesel-powered single-unit railcars are also ...
(DMU) and
electric multiple unit An electric multiple unit or EMU is a multiple-unit train consisting of self-propelled carriages using electricity as the motive power. An EMU requires no separate locomotive, as electric traction motors are incorporated within one or a numbe ...
(EMU) trainsets to PKP and to Polish regional operators. From 2005 onwards the company's product line was enlarged to include vehicles of modular construction for urban transport, including low-floor
tram A tram (called a streetcar or trolley in North America) is a rail vehicle that travels on tramway tracks on public urban streets; some include segments on segregated right-of-way. The tramlines or networks operated as public transport are ...
s for
Elbląg Elbląg (; german: Elbing, Old Prussian: ''Elbings'') is a city in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland, located in the eastern edge of the Żuławy region with 117,390 inhabitants, as of December 2021. It is the capital of Elbląg County. ...
in Poland. In 2006 Pesa signed a contract for 15 trams for
Warsaw Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officia ...
, followed by orders for
Łódź Łódź, also rendered in English as Lodz, is a city in central Poland and a former industrial centre. It is the capital of Łódź Voivodeship, and is located approximately south-west of Warsaw. The city's coat of arms is an example of canti ...
,
Gdańsk Gdańsk ( , also ; ; csb, Gduńsk;Stefan Ramułt, ''Słownik języka pomorskiego, czyli kaszubskiego'', Kraków 1893, Gdańsk 2003, ISBN 83-87408-64-6. , Johann Georg Theodor Grässe, ''Orbis latinus oder Verzeichniss der lateinischen Benen ...
,
Bydgoszcz Bydgoszcz ( , , ; german: Bromberg) is a city in northern Poland, straddling the meeting of the River Vistula with its left-bank tributary, the Brda. With a city population of 339,053 as of December 2021 and an urban agglomeration with more ...
,
Szczecin Szczecin (, , german: Stettin ; sv, Stettin ; Latin: ''Sedinum'' or ''Stetinum'') is the capital and largest city of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in northwestern Poland. Located near the Baltic Sea and the German border, it is a major s ...
and
Częstochowa Częstochowa ( , ; german: Tschenstochau, Czenstochau; la, Czanstochova) is a city in southern Poland on the Warta River with 214,342 inhabitants, making it the thirteenth-largest city in Poland. It is situated in the Silesian Voivodeship (admin ...
. In 2006 Pesa won its first export order to western Europe, an order from
Ferrovie del Sud Est Ferrovie del Sud Est (FSE) is a railway company in Apulia region, Italy. The company operates in the ''comuni'' south of Lecce and in the provinces of Bari, Brindisi and Taranto. The company also operates bus lines. In August 2016 its network ...
in
Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...
for 13 diesel multiple units (DMUs).
Ferrovie del Sud Est Ferrovie del Sud Est (FSE) is a railway company in Apulia region, Italy. The company operates in the ''comuni'' south of Lecce and in the provinces of Bari, Brindisi and Taranto. The company also operates bus lines. In August 2016 its network ...
subsequently exercised an option for 10 additional DMUs, increasing the total order to 23 trains. On May 29, 2009, Pesa signed its 'contract of the century' to deliver 186 type 120Na low-floor trams to the city of
Warsaw Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officia ...
, to replace 40 percent of Warsaw's fleet, at a cost of 1.5bn złoty, equal to approximately $460 million. On March 16, 2010, Pesa signed a contract to supply 13 electric multiple unit (EMU) trainsets for Warsaw suburban services. On March 26, 2010, Pesa signed a second contract to supply 14 EMUs for Warsaw suburban services. On April 11, 2011, Pesa signed a KC 1.99bn order to supply the
Czech Railways Czech may refer to: * Anything from or related to the Czech Republic, a country in Europe ** Czech language ** Czechs, the people of the area ** Czech culture ** Czech cuisine * One of three mythical brothers, Lech, Czech, and Rus' Places *Czech ...
with 31 two-car diesel multiple unit trains for regional services. In 2012 Pesa announced its intention to build a tram assembly plant in
Pavlodar Pavlodar ( ; ) is a city in northeastern Kazakhstan and the capital of Pavlodar Region. It is located 450 km northeast of the national capital Astana and 405 km southeast of the Russian city of Omsk along the Irtysh River. , the cit ...
(
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country located mainly in Central Asia and partly in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the north and west, China to the east, Kyrgyzstan to the southeast, Uzbeki ...
) in conjunction with the city's plans to buy up to 100 new trams from the manufacturer to shore up its ageing public transport infrastructure. On September 19, 2012,
Deutsche Bahn The (; abbreviated as DB or DB AG) is the national railway company of Germany. Headquartered in the Bahntower in Berlin, it is a joint-stock company ( AG). The Federal Republic of Germany is its single shareholder. describes itself as the se ...
(DB, German Railways) signed two framework contracts with Pesa to build up to 470 diesel multiple unit trains (DMUs) for regional and local services. The first contract is for 120 DMUs with 50 to 100 seats and a maximum speed of 120 km/h. The second contract is for up to 350 DMUs with 50 to 200 seats and a maximum speed of 140 km/h. The trains would include many components made in Germany, including diesel motor power packs from
MTU Friedrichshafen MTU Friedrichshafen GmbH is a German manufacturer of commercial internal combustion engines founded by Wilhelm Maybach and his son Karl Maybach in 1909. Wilhelm Maybach was the technical director of Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft (DMG), a predec ...
and brakes from
Knorr-Bremse Knorr-Bremse AG is a German manufacturer of braking systems for rail and commercial vehicles that has operated in the field for over 110 years. Other products in Group's portfolio include intelligent door systems, control components, air con ...
. No firm contracts were signed at the time, since any orders would depend on operating contracts that DB expects to win in the future. The two contracts could eventually be worth up to €1.2bn, equal to approximately $1.5 billion. The contract between Pesa and DB was the largest deal executed at the 2012 InnoTrans international rail fair. On September 20, 2013, Pesa presented a project of their first high-speed train. A prototype was planned to be shown during the InnoTrans 2014. On January 15, 2014, Pesa signed a 167.9m złoty ($US 54.8m) contract with
Warsaw Tramway The Warsaw tram network is a The figure given in the source is of single track, it is assumed that the length of all routes (nearly all of them being double track) is about half that figure. tram system serving a third of Warsaw, Poland, ...
s for the delivery of 30 type 134N Jazz low-floor LRVs, to be used on lower-density routes in Warsaw. On October 30, 2013, Pesa announced a new design of high-speed electric EMU train called the Pesa Dart for PKP Intercity service. The first version of the Pesa Dart will have a top speed of , but the train is designed to be capable of and Pesa states that its speed may eventually be raised to . in February 2014, Pesa won a contract to supply 20 Pesa Dart trainsets to PKP Intercity for a price of 1.3 billion złoty including 15 years of servicing, to be delivered by October 2015. The Pesa Dart trainsets will be 150 meters long, with 352 seats including 60 in first class, will have
ERTMS The European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS) is the system of standards for management and interoperation of signalling for railways by the European Union (EU). It is conducted by the European Union Agency for Railways (ERA) and is the o ...
equipment, and will have a top speed of . In June 2018, Pesa was nationalized by the Polish government after a dearth of new orders and struggles to deliver equipment led to financial stress. On March 3, 2019, Pesa signed a contract with Czech private operator RegioJet to supply 7 two-car electric multiple units for regional services.


Corporate ownership

Prior to its 2018 nationalization, Pesa was a
joint-stock company A joint-stock company is a business entity in which shares of the company's capital stock, stock can be bought and sold by shareholders. Each shareholder owns company stock in proportion, evidenced by their share (finance), shares (certificates ...
. 92% of Pesa shares were owned by eight private investors, including members of the firm's management, among them being Pesa Chairman Tomasz Zaboklicki. Pesa SA is a dominant owner of several industrial companies, making it a rolling stock manufacturing consortium, including: All shares were transferred to the
Polish Development Fund The Polish Development Fund (PFR) ( pl, Polski Fundusz Rozwoju) is a state-owned financial group, headquartered in Warsaw, which offers instruments supporting the development of companies, local governments and individuals, and invests in sustainab ...
when the government took control of the company. * In August 2008 Pesa acquired a 60 percent stake in ZNTK Mińsk Mazowiecki, ''Zakłady Naprawcze Taboru Kolejowego,'' (Rolling Stock Repair Shop) in
Mińsk Mazowiecki Mińsk Mazowiecki () "''Masovian Minsk''") is a town in eastern Poland with 40,999 inhabitants (2020). It is situated in the Masovian Voivodeship (since 1999) and is a part of the Warsaw Agglomeration. It is the capital of Mińsk County. Locate ...
located some 40 km east of Warsaw. This organization with some 800 employees performs overhauls and modernizations of rail passenger cars, metro cars, trams, railbuses and locomotives. The location near Warsaw enables ZNTK Mińsk Mazowiecki to provide servicing for trams that Pesa is delivering to Warsaw. * Zakład Mechaniczny SKRAW-MECH Spółka z o.o (SKRAW-MECH Mechanical Plant Ltd.) in
Bydgoszcz Bydgoszcz ( , , ; german: Bromberg) is a city in northern Poland, straddling the meeting of the River Vistula with its left-bank tributary, the Brda. With a city population of 339,053 as of December 2021 and an urban agglomeration with more ...
, a manufacturer of laser cut steel and machine components for agriculture, ironworks, mining and the automobile industry, * Zakład Produkcyjno - Remontowy "REM-SUW" Sp. z o.o. ("REM-SUW" Production and Repair Ltd.) in Bydgoszcz - producing train elevators and stainless steel components for rail vehicles, * Zakład Produkcyjno-Usługowy EKO-PARTNER Sp. z o.o. (EKO-PARTNER Production and Servises Ltd.) - provides smithery and casting services.


Employment

From its founding in 1851 the workshop was one of the largest enterprises in Bydgoszcz. In the 1880s the total number of employees in all other factories in Bydgoszcz equalled only one-half of the number of employees in the Principal Workshop of the
Prussian Eastern Railway The Prussian Eastern Railway (german: Preußische Ostbahn) was a railway in the Kingdom of Prussia and later Germany until 1918. Its main route, approximately long, connected the capital, Berlin, with the cities of Danzig (now Gdańsk, Poland) ...
. This was the largest industry in the Bydgoszcz governmental region. From 1890 onwards the workshop outranked the shops in
Berlin Berlin ( , ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, according to population within city limits. One of Germany's sixteen constitue ...
and
Königsberg Königsberg (, ) was the historic Prussian city that is now Kaliningrad, Russia. Königsberg was founded in 1255 on the site of the ancient Old Prussian settlement ''Twangste'' by the Teutonic Knights during the Northern Crusades, and was named ...
, and its workers comprised one-quarter of positions involved in the repair of steam locomotives, 1/3 of those repairing tenders, and 1/5 of those repairing freight cars. At that time, the workshop employed more than 1500 workers and repaired 80 locomotives daily. Employment by year:


Railway vehicles produced by the Pesa group

After August 2008 the group also includes ZNTK "Mińsk Mazowiecki"


See also

*
Economy of Poland The economy of Poland is an industrialized, mixed economy with a developed market that serves as the sixth-largest in the European Union by nominal GDP and fifth-largest by GDP (PPP). Poland boasts extensive public services characteristic of m ...
* List of Polish companies *
Solaris Bus & Coach Solaris Bus & Coach is a Polish producer of public transport vehicles (buses, trolleybuses and trams), with its headquarters in Bolechowo-Osiedle near Poznań. It is a subsidiary of Spanish CAF. Solaris owns four production sites: its main fact ...


References


External links


Official site
{{Bydgoszcz companies
Pesa The Pesa is a river in Tuscany, central Italy. It has a length of 53 km, and, after crossing the provinces of Siena and Florence, flows into the Arno River near Montelupo Fiorentino Montelupo Fiorentino is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the ...
Companies established in 1851 Rail vehicle manufacturers of Poland Tram manufacturers Science and technology in Poland Polish brands Electric vehicle manufacturers of Poland