''Orthohepadnavirus'' is a genus of

virus A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1 ...

es, in the family ''

Hepadnaviridae ''Hepadnaviridae'' is a family of viruses. Humans, apes, and birds serve as natural hosts. There are currently 18 species in this family, divided among 5 genera. Its best-known member is hepatitis B virus. Diseases associated with this family i ...

''. Humans and other mammals serve as natural hosts. There are 12 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include:

hepatitis Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver tissue. Some people or animals with hepatitis have no symptoms, whereas others develop yellow discoloration of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice), poor appetite, vomiting, tiredness, abdominal pa ...

hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer in adults and is currently the most common cause of death in people with cirrhosis. HCC is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. It occurs in t ...

(chronic infections), and

cirrhosis Cirrhosis, also known as liver cirrhosis or hepatic cirrhosis, and end-stage liver disease, is the impaired liver function caused by the formation of scar tissue known as fibrosis due to damage caused by liver disease. Damage causes tissue repai ...

Taxonomy

The genus contains the following species: * '' Capuchin monkey hepatitis B virus'' * ''

Chinese shrew hepatitis B virus Chinese can refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people of Chinese nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation ** List of ethnic groups in China, people of ...

'' * ''

Domestic cat hepatitis B virus Domestic may refer to: In the home * Anything relating to the human home or family ** A domestic animal, one that has undergone domestication ** A domestic appliance, or home appliance ** A domestic partnership ** Domestic science, sometimes c ...

'' * ''

Ground squirrel hepatitis virus Ground squirrel hepatitis virus, abbreviated GSHV, is a partially double-stranded DNA virus that is closely related to human Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV).' It is a member of the family of viruses '' Hepadnavirida ...

'' * ''

Hepatitis B virus ''Hepatitis B virus'' (HBV) is a partially double-stranded DNA virus, a species of the genus ''Orthohepadnavirus'' and a member of the ''Hepadnaviridae'' family of viruses. This virus causes the disease hepatitis B. Disease Despite there bein ...

'' * '' Long-fingered bat hepatitis B virus'' * ''

Pomona bat hepatitis B virus Pomona may refer to: Places Argentina * Pomona, Río Negro Australia * Pomona, Queensland, Australia, a town in the Shire of Noosa * Pomona, New South Wales, Australia Belize * Pomona, Belize, a municipality in Stann Creek District Mexico * ...

'' * '' Roundleaf bat hepatitis B virus'' * ''

Taï Forest hepadnavirus Taï is a town in southwestern Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of and the seat of Taï Department in Cavally Region, Montagnes District. Taï is also a commune. The town is between Taï National Park and the Cavally River. The river—whic ...

'' * '' Tent-making bat hepatitis B virus'' * ''

Woodchuck hepatitis virus ''Woodchuck hepatitis virus'' (WHV) is a species of the genus ''Orthohepadnavirus''. It was first discovered in 1977 in a captive population of '' Marmota monax'', but has since been discovered in wild populations in the Eastern United States. I ...

'' * ''

Woolly monkey hepatitis B virus The ''woolly monkey hepatitis B virus'' (WMHBV) is a viral species of the ''Orthohepadnavirus'' genus of the ''Hepadnaviridae'' family. Its natural host is the woolly monkey (''Lagothrix)'', an inhabitant of South America categorized as a New Wo ...

Structure

Viruses in the genus ''Orthohepadnavirus'' are enveloped, with spherical geometries, and T=4 symmetry. The diameter is around 42 nm. Genomes are circular, around 3.2kb in length. The genome codes for 7 proteins.

Life cycle

Viral replication is nucleo-cytoplasmic. Replication follows the dsDNA(RT) replication model. DNA-templated transcription, specifically dsDNA(RT) transcription, with some alternative splicing mechanism is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by leaky scanning. The virus exits the host cell by budding, and nuclear pore export. Human and mammals serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are sexual, blood, and contact.

References

External links

ICTV Report: ''Hepadnaviridae''

{{Taxonbar, from=Q6746239 Hepadnaviridae Virus genera