Orchideae is a tribe of orchids in the subfamily

Orchidoideae The Orchidoideae, or the orchidoid orchids, are a subfamily of the orchid family (Orchidaceae) that contains around 3630 species. Species typically have a single (monandrous), fertile anther which is erect and basitonic. Description The subfa ...

. Historically, it was divided into 2 subtribes, Orchidinae and Habenariinae. The subtribe Orchidinae alone contains about 1,800 species. However, although some

phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ...

studies have established the

monophyly In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic grou ...

of the subtribes, the generic boundaries are unclear, with many genera as traditionally

circumscribed In geometry, the circumscribed circle or circumcircle of a polygon is a circle that passes through all the vertices of the polygon. The center of this circle is called the circumcenter and its radius is called the circumradius. Not every polyg ...

being

paraphyletic In taxonomy (general), taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's most recent common ancestor, last common ancestor and most of its descendants, excluding a few Monophyly, monophyletic subgroups. The group is said to be pa ...

or even

polyphyletic A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of converg ...

. Species of genera such as ''

Habenaria ''Habenaria'', commonly called rein orchids or bog orchids, is a widely distributed genus of orchids in the tribe Orchideae. About 880 species of ''Habenaria'' have been formally described. They are native to every continent except Antarctica, g ...

'' and ''

Platanthera The genus ''Platanthera'' belongs to the subfamily Orchidoideae of the family Orchidaceae, and comprises about 150 species of orchids. The members of this genus, known as the butterfly orchids or fringed orchids, were previously included in the ...

'' have been placed into both subtribes. A 2017

molecular phylogenetic Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...

study found that both subtribes did form

clades A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, t ...

, but did not formally recognize Habenariinae, because of missing genera and uncertainty over generic boundaries. The Asian species of Orchideae, in particular, have been subject to repeated changes of generic placement from 2012 onwards. As of 2017, Orchideae is divided into 6 subtribes:

Brownleeinae Brownleeinae is an orchid subtribe in the tribe Orchideae Orchideae is a tribe of orchids in the subfamily Orchidoideae. Historically, it was divided into 2 subtribes, Orchidinae and Habenariinae. The subtribe Orchidinae alone contains about ...

Pachitinae ''Pachites'' is a genus of flowering plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It contains two known species, both endemic to South Africa.Hans Peter Linder and Hubert Kurzweil. 1999. ''Orchids of Southern Africa''. 504 pages. A. A. Balkema. .Kew ...

Huttonaeinae ''Huttonaea'' is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It contains 5 known species, all native to southern Africa (South Africa and Lesotho). This genus was named in honour of Caroline Hutton née Atherstone. #''Hutto ...

, Orchidinae,

Coryciinae Coryciinae is a subtribe of orchids that has been differently defined and placed in the two classification systems that are currently in use for orchids. ''Genera Orchidacearum'', which is currently the definitive work on orchid taxonomy, deli ...

, and

Disinae Disinae is a subtribe of orchids that has been differently defined and placed in the two classification systems that are currently in use for orchids. ''Genera Orchidacearum'', which is currently the definitive work on orchid taxonomy, delimit ...

Subtribes

Once divided into the Orchidinae and Habenariinae (a nonsystematic paraphyletic splitting), the Orchideae now comprise 6 subtribes. Along with previous molecular studies, Chase et al's 2015 analysis confirmed that Diseae was a

grouping. Consequently, the former subtribes of Diseae have been redistributed within the Orchideae (for instance, '' Satyrium'' is now classified in the Orchidinae). In his 2015 study Chase recommended further study of historically problematic genera in the former Diseae such as ''

Huttonaea ''Huttonaea'' is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It contains 5 known species, all native to southern Africa (South Africa and Lesotho Lesotho ( ), officially the Kingdom of Lesotho, is a country landlocked a ...

and

Pachites ''Pachites'' is a genus of flowering plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It contains two known species, both endemic to South Africa.Hans Peter Linder and Hubert Kurzweil. 1999. ''Orchids of Southern Africa''. 504 pages. A. A. Balkema. .Kew ...

.'' Further molecular analysis by Chen et al. in 2017 led to the following reorganization: Davidraju_IMG_5828

Genera

Genera included in a 2017

study are listed below. As noted above, some generic boundaries remain uncertain; ''Habenaria'' in particular is not

monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...

. *''

Anacamptis ''Anacamptis'' is a genus of flowering plants in the orchid family ( Orchidaceae); it is often abbreviated as Ant in horticulture. This genus was established by Louis Claude Richard in 1817; the type species is the pyramidal orchid (''A. pyr ...

'' *''

Benthamia ''Benthamia'' is a genus of orchids. It contains 29 recognized species, all native to Madagascar, Mauritius and Réunion Réunion (; french: La Réunion, ; previously ''Île Bourbon''; rcf, label= Reunionese Creole, La Rényon) is an islan ...

'' *'' Bonatea'' *''

Brachycorythis ''Brachycorythis'' is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It contains approximately 40-50 species native mostly to Africa and Madagascar but also some from South and East Asia (India, Thailand, China, etc.). Specie ...

'' *''

Chamorchis ''Chamorchis'' is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It contains only one known species, ''Chamorchis alpina'', known as the false orchid or false musk orchid, and found in subarctic and subalpine parts of Europe: Sc ...

'' *''

Cynorkis ''Cynorkis'' is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It is native to tropical and southern Africa, as well as several islands in the Indian Ocean. Species # '' Cynorkis alborubra'' # '' Cynorkis ambondrombensis'' # ...

'' *''

Dactylorhiza ''Dactylorhiza'' is a genus of flowering plants in the orchid family Orchidaceae. Its species are commonly called marsh orchids or spotted orchids. ''Dactylorhiza'' were previously classified under ''Orchis'', which has two round tubers. Descrip ...

'' *''

Diplomeris ''Diplomeris'' is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It is native to China, the Indian subcontinent, and southeast Asia. Three species are currently recognized (June 2014): *'' Diplomeris hirsuta'' (Lindl.) Lindl. ...

'' *''

Galearis ''Galearis'' is a genus of the orchid family (Orchidaceae) native to North America and eastern Asia. It contains about ten recognized species. The family name comes from the Greek word ''orchis'' ('testicle'), in reference to the shape of the roo ...

'' s.l. (including ''Aceratorchis'', ''Amerorchis'' and ''Neolindleya'') *''

Gennaria ''Gennaria'' is a genus of flowering plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. For many years it contained only one species, '' Gennaria diphylla''. A second species, '' Gennaria griffithii'', was added in 2015. The genus name honours Patrizio Ge ...

'' *''

Gymnadenia ''Gymnadenia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the orchid family (Orchidaceae) containing 22 terrestrial species. The former genus ''Nigritella'' is now included in ''Gymnadenia''. They can be found in damp meadows, fens and marshes, and on ch ...

'' (including ''Nigritella'') *''

'' (not monophyletic) *''

Hemipilia ''Hemipilia'' is a genus of plants in the family Orchidaceae. It is native to China, the Himalayas and Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia ...

'' (including a few species previously assigned to ''Amitostigma'' and ''Ponerorchis'') *''

Herminium ''Herminium'' is a genus of plants in family Orchidaceae, widespread across much of Europe and Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcon ...

'' *''

Himantoglossum ''Himantoglossum'' is a genus of orchids native to the Canary Islands, Europe, southwest Asia and northern Africa. Its members generally have a labellum which is divided into three parts, of which the middle part is the longest. The genera ''Co ...

'' *'' Hsenhsua'' *''

Neotinea ''Neotinea'' is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It is native to much of Europe, the Mediterranean region, and the islands of the eastern Atlantic, from the Canary Islands, Canaries, Madeira and Ireland east to Ira ...

'' *''

Ophrys The genus ''Ophrys'' is a large group of orchids from the alliance Orchis in the subtribe Orchidinae. They are widespread across much of Europe, North Africa, Caucasus, the Canary Islands, and the Middle East as far east as Turkmenistan. These p ...

'' *''

Orchis ''Orchis'' is a genus in the orchid family (Orchidaceae), occurring mainly in Europe and Northwest Africa, and ranging as far as Tibet, Mongolia, and Xinjiang. The name is from the Ancient Greek ὄρχις ''orchis'', meaning "testicle", from t ...

'' s.s. *''

Pecteilis ''Pecteilis'' is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It is widespread across eastern and southern Asia including the Russian Far East, China, Japan, India, Pakistan, Indochina, and Indonesia. Species See also * List ...

'' *''

Peristylus ''Peristylus'', sometimes commonly known as ogre orchids or bog orchids is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It consists of over 100 known species found across much of East Asia, eastern and South Asia, southern Asi ...

'' *''

Physoceras ''Physoceras'' is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It is native to Madagascar and Réunion; it was also formerly present in Mauritius but now apparently extinct there.Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.C. & Ras ...

'' *''

'' s.l. *'' Ponerorchis'' s.l. (including ''Amitostigma'' and ''Neottianthe'') *'' Pseudorchis'' *'' Satyrium'' *'' Schizochilus'' *''

Serapias ''Serapias'' is a genus of terrestrial orchids that can be found all over southern Europe to Asia Minor. The genus was named after Serapis, a syncretic Hellenistic-Egyptian god in Antiquity. ''Serapias'' have spurless flowers and usually go dorma ...

'' *''

Shizhenia ''Shizhenia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orchidaceae. Its only species is ''Shizhenia pinguicula'', native to south-east China (north-east Zhejiang). Description ''Shizhenia'' grows from a ovoid shaped tuber. It has a single st ...

'' *'' Sirindhornia'' *'' Stenoglottis'' *'' Steveniella'' *''

Silvorchis ''Silvorchis'' is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Only one species is known, ''Silvorchis colorata'', endemic to Java. This is a holomycotrophic species, completely lacking in chlorophyll.Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, ...

'' *'' Traunsteinera'' *''

Tsaiorchis ''Tsaiorchis'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orchidaceae. Taxonomy ''Tsaiorchis'' is placed in the orchid subfamily Orchidoideae, tribe Orchideae, subtribe Orchidineae. The relationship between ''Tsaiorchis'' and the rest of the s ...

'' *''

Tylostigma ''Tylostigma'' is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae, endemic to Madagascar.Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.C. & Rasmussen, F.N. (2001). Orchidoideae (Part 1). Genera Orchidacearum 2: 1-416. Oxford University Pr ...

References

External links

* * Orchidoideae tribes {{Orchidoideae-stub