Events
Pre-1600
*
475 –
Romulus Augustulus
Romulus Augustus ( 465 – after 511), nicknamed Augustulus, was Roman emperor of the West from 31 October 475 until 4 September 476. Romulus was placed on the imperial throne by his father, the ''magister militum'' Orestes, and, at that time, ...
is proclaimed
Western Roman Emperor.
*
683
__NOTOC__
Year 683 (Roman numerals, DCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 683 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno ...
– During the
Siege of Mecca, the
Kaaba
The Kaaba (, ), also spelled Ka'bah or Kabah, sometimes referred to as al-Kaʿbah al-Musharrafah ( ar, ٱلْكَعْبَة ٱلْمُشَرَّفَة, lit=Honored Ka'bah, links=no, translit=al-Kaʿbah al-Musharrafah), is a building at the c ...
catches fire and is burned down.
*
802
Year 802 ( DCCCII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* October 31 – Empress Irene is deposed after a 5-year reign, and banishe ...
– Empress
Irene
Irene is a name derived from εἰρήνη (eirēnē), the Greek for "peace".
Irene, and related names, may refer to:
* Irene (given name)
Places
* Irene, Gauteng, South Africa
* Irene, South Dakota, United States
* Irene, Texas, United Stat ...
is deposed and banished to
Lesbos
Lesbos or Lesvos ( el, Λέσβος, Lésvos ) is a Greek island located in the northeastern Aegean Sea. It has an area of with approximately of coastline, making it the third largest island in Greece. It is separated from Anatolia, Asia Minor ...
. Conspirators place
Nikephoros, the minister of finance, on the
Byzantine
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinopl ...
throne.
*
932
Year 932 ( CMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
* Summer – Alberic II leads an uprising at Rome against his stepfather Hugh of Provence ...
–
Abbasid caliph
The Abbasid caliphs were the holders of the Islamic title of caliph who were members of the Abbasid dynasty, a branch of the Quraysh tribe descended from the uncle of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, Al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib.
The family came t ...
al-Muqtadir is killed while fighting against the forces of general
Mu'nis al-Muzaffar
Abū'l-Ḥasan Mu'nis al-Qushuri ( ar, ابوالحسن مؤنس ابوالحسن; 845/6–933), also commonly known by the surnames al-Muẓaffar (; ) and al-Khadim (; 'the Eunuch'), was the commander-in-chief of the Abbasid army from 908 to his ...
. Al-Muqtadir's brother
al-Qahir
Abu Mansur Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Mu'tadid ( ar, أبو المنصور محمد بن أحمد المعتضد, Abū al-Manṣūr Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Muʿtaḍid), usually known simply by his regnal title Al-Qahir bi'llah ( ar, القاهر ...
is chosen to succeed him.
*
1517 –
Protestant Reformation
The Reformation (alternatively named the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation) was a major movement within Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the Catholic Church and in ...
:
Martin Luther
Martin Luther (; ; 10 November 1483 – 18 February 1546) was a German priest, theologian, author, hymnwriter, and professor, and Order of Saint Augustine, Augustinian friar. He is the seminal figure of the Reformation, Protestant Refo ...
posts his
95 Theses
The ''Ninety-five Theses'' or ''Disputation on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences''-The title comes from the 1517 Basel pamphlet printing. The first printings of the ''Theses'' use an incipit rather than a title which summarizes the content ...
on the door of the
Castle Church
All Saints' Church, commonly referred to as ''Schlosskirche'' (Castle Church) to distinguish it from the '' Stadtkirche'' (Town Church) of St. Mary's – and sometimes known as the Reformation Memorial Church – is a Lutheran church in Wittenberg, ...
in
Wittenberg
Wittenberg ( , ; Low Saxon language, Low Saxon: ''Wittenbarg''; meaning ''White Mountain''; officially Lutherstadt Wittenberg (''Luther City Wittenberg'')), is the fourth largest town in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Wittenberg is situated on the Ri ...
.
*
1587
Events
January–June
* February 1 – Queen Elizabeth I of England signs the death warrant of her cousin Mary, Queen of Scots, after Mary has been implicated in a plot to murder Elizabeth. Seven days later, on the orders of E ...
–
Leiden University Library
Leiden University Libraries is a library founded in 1575 in Leiden, Netherlands. It is regarded as a significant place in the development of European culture: it is a part of a small number of cultural centres that gave direction to the developme ...
opens its doors after its founding in
1575.
1601–1900
*
1822 – Emperor
Agustín de Iturbide attempts to dissolve the Congress of the
Mexican Empire Mexican Empire may refer to:
* First Mexican Empire, the regime under Agustín de Iturbide (Agustín I) from 1821 to 1823
* Second Mexican Empire
The Second Mexican Empire (), officially the Mexican Empire (), was a constitutional monarchy est ...
.
*
1863 – The
New Zealand Wars
The New Zealand Wars took place from 1845 to 1872 between the New Zealand colonial government and allied Māori on one side and Māori and Māori-allied settlers on the other. They were previously commonly referred to as the Land Wars or the M ...
resume as
British
British may refer to:
Peoples, culture, and language
* British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories, and Crown Dependencies.
** Britishness, the British identity and common culture
* British English, ...
forces in New Zealand led by General
Duncan Cameron begin their
Invasion of the Waikato
The Invasion of the Waikato became the largest and most important campaign of the 19th-century New Zealand Wars. Hostilities took place in the North Island of New Zealand between the military forces of the colonial government and a federation ...
.
*
1864
Events
January–March
* January 13 – American songwriter Stephen Foster ("Oh! Susanna", "Old Folks at Home") dies aged 37 in New York City, leaving a scrap of paper reading "Dear friends and gentle hearts". His parlor song " ...
–
Nevada
Nevada ( ; ) is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, Western region of the United States. It is bordered by Oregon to the northwest, Idaho to the northeast, California to the west, Arizona to the southeast, and Utah to the east. N ...
is admitted as the 36th
U.S. state
In the United States, a state is a constituent political entity, of which there are 50. Bound together in a political union, each state holds governmental jurisdiction over a separate and defined geographic territory where it shares its sover ...
.
*
1895 – The strongest earthquake in the Midwestern United States since 1812
strikes near Charleston, Missouri, causing damage and killing at least two.
1901–present
*
1903 – The
Purdue Wreck
The Purdue Wreck was a railroad train collision in Indianapolis, Indiana, on Saturday, October 31, 1903, between two special trains that killed 17 people, including 14 players of the Purdue University football team. Team captain and future Indiana ...
, a railroad train collision in
Indianapolis
Indianapolis (), colloquially known as Indy, is the state capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Indiana and the seat of Marion County. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the consolidated population of Indianapolis and Marion ...
, kills 17 people, including 14 players of the
Purdue University
Purdue University is a public land-grant research university in West Lafayette, Indiana, and the flagship campus of the Purdue University system. The university was founded in 1869 after Lafayette businessman John Purdue donated land and money ...
football team.
*
1907 – The
Parliament of Finland
The Parliament of Finland ( ; ) is the unicameral and supreme legislature of Finland, founded on 9 May 1906. In accordance with the Constitution of Finland, sovereignty belongs to the people, and that power is vested in the Parliament. The ...
approved the
Prohibition Act
Prohibition is the act or practice of forbidding something by law; more particularly the term refers to the banning of the manufacture, storage (whether in barrels or in bottles), transportation, sale, possession, and consumption of alcoholic ...
, but the law was not implemented because it was not ratified by Tsar
Nicholas II of Russia
Nicholas II or Nikolai II Alexandrovich Romanov; spelled in pre-revolutionary script. ( 186817 July 1918), known in the Russian Orthodox Church as Saint Nicholas the Passion-Bearer,. was the last Emperor of Russia, King of Congress Pola ...
.
*
1913
Events January
* January 5 – First Balkan War: Battle of Lemnos (1913), Battle of Lemnos – Greek admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis forces the Turkish fleet to retreat to its base within the Dardanelles, from which it will not ven ...
– Dedication of the
Lincoln Highway
The Lincoln Highway is the first transcontinental highway in the United States and one of the first highways designed expressly for automobiles. Conceived in 1912 by Indiana entrepreneur Carl G. Fisher, and formally dedicated October 31, 1913 ...
, the first automobile highway across United States.
* 1913 – The
Indianapolis Streetcar Strike and subsequent riot begins.
*
1917 –
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
:
Battle of Beersheba: The "last successful cavalry charge in history".
*
1918 – World War I: The
Aster Revolution
The Aster Revolution or Chrysanthemum Revolution ( hu, Őszirózsás forradalom) was a revolution in Hungary led by Count Mihály Károlyi in the aftermath of World War I which resulted in the foundation of the short-lived First Hungarian Peop ...
terminates the
Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, and Hungary achieves full sovereignty.
*
1922
Events
January
* January 7 – Dáil Éireann (Irish Republic), Dáil Éireann, the parliament of the Irish Republic, ratifies the Anglo-Irish Treaty by 64–57 votes.
* January 10 – Arthur Griffith is elected President of Dáil Éirean ...
–
Benito Mussolini
Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (; 29 July 188328 April 1945) was an Italian politician and journalist who founded and led the National Fascist Party. He was Prime Minister of Italy from the March on Rome in 1922 until his deposition in 194 ...
is made
Prime Minister of Italy
The Prime Minister of Italy, officially the President of the Council of Ministers ( it, link=no, Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri), is the head of government of the Italian Republic. The office of president of the Council of Ministers is ...
*
1923 – The first of 160 consecutive days of 100°
Fahrenheit
The Fahrenheit scale () is a temperature scale based on one proposed in 1724 by the physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736). It uses the degree Fahrenheit (symbol: °F) as the unit. Several accounts of how he originally defined his ...
at
Marble Bar, Western Australia
Marble Bar is a town and rock formation in the Pilbara region of north-western Western Australia. Its extremely hot climate, with a mean maximum temperature second only to Wyndham, Western Australia has resulted in the town being well known for ...
.
*
1924 –
World Savings Day
The World Savings Day was established on October 31, 1924, during the 1st International Savings Bank Congress (World Society of Savings Banks) in Milan, Italy. The Italian Professor Filippo Ravizza declared this day the "International Saving Day ...
is announced in
Milan
Milan ( , , Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million, while its metropolitan city h ...
,
Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...
by the Members of the Association at the 1st International
Savings Bank
A savings bank is a financial institution whose primary purpose is accepting savings account, savings deposits and paying interest on those deposits.
History of banking, They originated in Europe during the 18th century with the aim of providi ...
Congress (World Society of Savings Banks).
*
1938
Events
January
* January 1
** The Constitution of Estonia#Third Constitution (de facto 1938–1940, de jure 1938–1992), new constitution of Estonia enters into force, which many consider to be the ending of the Era of Silence and the a ...
–
Great Depression
The Great Depression (19291939) was an economic shock that impacted most countries across the world. It was a period of economic depression that became evident after a major fall in stock prices in the United States. The economic contagio ...
: In an effort to restore investor confidence, the
New York Stock Exchange
The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE, nicknamed "The Big Board") is an American stock exchange in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City. It is by far the world's largest stock exchange by market capitalization of its listed c ...
unveils a fifteen-point program aimed to upgrade protection for the investing public.
*
1940 –
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
: The
Battle of Britain
The Battle of Britain, also known as the Air Battle for England (german: die Luftschlacht um England), was a military campaign of the Second World War, in which the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the Fleet Air Arm (FAA) of the Royal Navy defende ...
ends: The United Kingdom prevents a possible
German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
** Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ge ...
invasion.
*
1941
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January–August – 10,072 men, women and children with mental and physical disabilities are asphyxiated with carbon monoxide in a gas chamber, at Hadamar Eu ...
– After 14 years of work,
Mount Rushmore
Mount Rushmore National Memorial is a national memorial centered on a colossal sculpture carved into the granite face of Mount Rushmore (Lakota: ''Tȟuŋkášila Šákpe'', or Six Grandfathers) in the Black Hills near Keystone, South Dakota ...
is completed.
* 1941 – World War II: The destroyer is torpedoed by a
German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
** Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ge ...
U-boat
U-boats were naval submarines operated by Germany, particularly in the First and Second World Wars. Although at times they were efficient fleet weapons against enemy naval warships, they were most effectively used in an economic warfare role ...
near
Iceland
Iceland ( is, Ísland; ) is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean and in the Arctic Ocean. Iceland is the most sparsely populated country in Europe. Iceland's capital and largest city is Reykjavík, which (along with its s ...
, killing more than 100 U.S. Navy sailors. It is the first U.S. Navy vessel sunk by enemy action in WWII.
*
1943
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 1 – WWII: The Soviet Union announces that 22 German divisions have been encircled at Stalingrad, with 175,000 killed and 137,650 captured.
* January 4 – ...
– World War II: An
F4U Corsair
The Vought F4U Corsair is an American fighter aircraft which saw service primarily in World War II and the Korean War. Designed and initially manufactured by Chance Vought, the Corsair was soon in great demand; additional production contract ...
accomplishes the first successful
radar
Radar is a detection system that uses radio waves to determine the distance (''ranging''), angle, and radial velocity of objects relative to the site. It can be used to detect aircraft, ships, spacecraft, guided missiles, motor vehicles, w ...
-guided interception by a
United States Navy
The United States Navy (USN) is the maritime service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. It is the largest and most powerful navy in the world, with the estimated tonnage ...
or
Marine Corps
Marines, or naval infantry, are typically a military force trained to operate in littoral zones in support of naval operations. Historically, tasks undertaken by marines have included helping maintain discipline and order aboard the ship (refle ...
aircraft.
*
1956 –
Suez Crisis
The Suez Crisis, or the Second Arab–Israeli war, also called the Tripartite Aggression ( ar, العدوان الثلاثي, Al-ʿUdwān aṯ-Ṯulāṯiyy) in the Arab world and the Sinai War in Israel,Also known as the Suez War or 1956 Wa ...
: The United Kingdom and France begin bombing
Egypt
Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediter ...
to force the reopening of the
Suez Canal
The Suez Canal ( arz, قَنَاةُ ٱلسُّوَيْسِ, ') is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez and dividing Africa and Asia. The long canal is a popular ...
.
* 1956 –
Hungarian Revolution of 1956
The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 (23 October – 10 November 1956; hu, 1956-os forradalom), also known as the Hungarian Uprising, was a countrywide revolution against the government of the Hungarian People's Republic (1949–1989) and the Hunga ...
: A Revolutionary Headquarters is established in Hungary. Following
Imre Nagy
Imre Nagy (; 7 June 1896 – 16 June 1958) was a Hungarian communist politician who served as Chairman of the Council of Ministers (''de facto'' Prime Minister) of the Hungarian People's Republic from 1953 to 1955. In 1956 Nagy became leader ...
's announcement of October 30, banned non-Communist political parties are reformed, and the
MDP is replaced by the
MSZMP
The Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party ( hu, Magyar Szocialista Munkáspárt, MSZMP) was the ruling Marxist–Leninist party of the Hungarian People's Republic between 1956 and 1989. It was organised from elements of the Hungarian Working Peo ...
.
József Mindszenty is released from prison. The
Soviet Politburo
The Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (, abbreviated: ), or Politburo ( rus, Политбюро, p=pəlʲɪtbʲʊˈro) was the highest policy-making authority within the Communist Party of the ...
makes the decision to crush the Revolution.
*
1961
Events January
* January 3
** United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower announces that the United States has severed diplomatic and consular relations with Cuba ( Cuba–United States relations are restored in 2015).
** Aero Flight 311 ...
– In the
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
,
Joseph Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as General Secreta ...
's body is removed from the
Lenin's Mausoleum
Lenin's Mausoleum (from 1953 to 1961 Lenin's & Stalin's Mausoleum) ( rus, links=no, Мавзолей Ленина, r=Mavzoley Lenina, p=məvzɐˈlʲej ˈlʲenʲɪnə), also known as Lenin's Tomb, situated on Red Square in the centre of Moscow, is ...
, also known as the Lenin Tomb.
*
1963
Events January
* January 1 – Bogle–Chandler case: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation scientist Dr. Gilbert Bogle and Mrs. Margaret Chandler are found dead (presumed poisoned), in bushland near the Lane Cov ...
–
Indiana State Fairgrounds Coliseum gas explosion: A
gas explosion
A gas explosion is an explosion resulting from mixing a gas, typically from a gas leak, with air in the presence of an ignition source. In household accidents, the principal explosive gases are those used for heating or cooking purposes such as nat ...
at the
Indiana State Fairgrounds Coliseum
The Indiana Farmers Coliseum (originally Indiana State Fairgrounds Coliseum and formerly Pepsi Coliseum and Fairgrounds Coliseum) is a 6,500-seat indoor multi-use arena, located on the Indiana State Fairgrounds in Indianapolis. The Indiana Farm ...
in Indianapolis kills 81 people and injures another 400 during an ice show.
*
1968 –
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...
October surprise
In U.S. political jargon, an October surprise is a news event that may influence the outcome of an upcoming November election (particularly one for the U.S. presidency), whether deliberately planned or spontaneously occurring. Because the date ...
: Citing progress with the Paris peace talks, US President
Lyndon B. Johnson
Lyndon Baines Johnson (; August 27, 1908January 22, 1973), often referred to by his initials LBJ, was an American politician who served as the 36th president of the United States from 1963 to 1969. He had previously served as the 37th vice ...
announces to the nation that he has ordered a complete cessation of "all air, naval, and artillery bombardment of
North Vietnam
North Vietnam, officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV; vi, Việt Nam Dân chủ Cộng hòa), was a socialist state supported by the Soviet Union (USSR) and the People's Republic of China (PRC) in Southeast Asia that existed f ...
" effective
November 1
Events Pre-1600
*365 – The Alemanni cross the Rhine and invade Gaul. Emperor Valentinian I moves to Paris to command the army and defend the Gallic cities.
* 996 – Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk, Bishop of Freisin ...
.
*
1973 –
Mountjoy Prison helicopter escape
The Mountjoy Prison helicopter escape occurred on 31 October 1973 when three Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) volunteers escaped from Mountjoy Prison in Dublin, Ireland, by boarding a hijacked helicopter that briefly landed in the prison ...
. Three
Provisional Irish Republican Army
The Irish Republican Army (IRA; ), also known as the Provisional Irish Republican Army, and informally as the Provos, was an Irish republican paramilitary organisation that sought to end British rule in Northern Ireland, facilitate Irish reun ...
members escape from
Mountjoy Prison
Mountjoy Prison ( ga, Príosún Mhuinseo), founded as Mountjoy Gaol and nicknamed ''The Joy'', is a medium security men's prison located in Phibsborough in the centre of Dublin, Ireland.
The current prison Governor is Edward Mullins.
History
...
,
Dublin
Dublin (; , or ) is the capital and largest city of Republic of Ireland, Ireland. On a bay at the mouth of the River Liffey, it is in the Provinces of Ireland, province of Leinster, bordered on the south by the Dublin Mountains, a part of th ...
aboard a hijacked helicopter that landed in the exercise yard.
*
1979 –
Western Airlines Flight 2605
Western Airlines Flight 2605, nicknamed the "Night Owl", was an international scheduled passenger flight from Los Angeles, California, to Mexico City, Mexico. On October 31, 1979, at 5:42 a.m. CST ( UTC−06:00), the McDonnell Douglas DC-10 o ...
crashes on landing in
Mexico City
Mexico City ( es, link=no, Ciudad de México, ; abbr.: CDMX; Nahuatl: ''Altepetl Mexico'') is the capital and largest city of Mexico, and the most populous city in North America. One of the world's alpha cities, it is located in the Valley o ...
, killing 73 people.
*
1984
Events
January
* January 1 – The Bornean Sultanate of Brunei gains full independence from the United Kingdom, having become a British protectorate in 1888.
* January 7 – Brunei becomes the sixth member of the Association of Southeast A ...
– Indian Prime Minister
Indira Gandhi
Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi (; Given name, ''née'' Nehru; 19 November 1917 – 31 October 1984) was an Indian politician and a central figure of the Indian National Congress. She was elected as third prime minister of India in 1966 ...
is
assassinated by two Sikh security guards.
Riots break out in New Delhi and other cities and around 3,000 Sikhs are killed.
*
1994
File:1994 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1994 Winter Olympics are held in Lillehammer, Norway; The Kaiser Permanente building after the 1994 Northridge earthquake; A model of the MS Estonia, which Sinking of the MS Estonia, sank in ...
–
American Eagle Flight 4184
American Eagle Flight 4184, officially operating as Simmons Airlines Flight 4184, was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Indianapolis, Indiana to Chicago, Illinois, United States. On , 1994, the performing this route flew into severe ...
crashes near
Roselawn, Indiana
Roselawn is a census-designated place (CDP) in Newton and Jasper counties in the U.S. state of Indiana. The population was 4,131 at the 2010 census.
Roselawn is known within northwestern Indiana for the two nudist resorts which operate in this to ...
killing all 68 people on board.
*
1996 –
TAM Transportes Aéreos Regionais Flight 402
TAM Transportes Aéreos Regionais Flight 402 was a scheduled domestic flight from São Paulo–Congonhas International Airport in São Paulo, Brazil to Recife International Airport in Recife via Santos Dumont Airport in Rio de Janeiro. On 31 Oct ...
crashes in
São Paulo, Brazil
SAO or Sao may refer to:
Places
* Sao civilisation, in Middle Africa from 6th century BC to 16th century AD
* Sao, a town in Boussé Department, Burkina Faso
* Saco Transportation Center (station code SAO), a train station in Saco, Maine, U.S ...
, killing 99 people.
*
1998 –
Iraq disarmament crisis
The Iraq disarmament crisis was claimed as one of primary issues that led to the multinational invasion of Iraq on 20 March 2003. Since the 1980s, Iraq was widely assumed to have been producing and extensively running the programs of biologi ...
begins:
Iraq
Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq ...
announces it would no longer cooperate with
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...
weapons inspectors.
*
1999 –
Yachtsman
A yacht is a sailing or power vessel used for pleasure, cruising, or racing. There is no standard definition, though the term generally applies to vessels with a cabin intended for overnight use. To be termed a , as opposed to a , such a pleasu ...
Jesse Martin
Jesse Martin, OAM (born 26 August 1981) is a German-Australian sailor who in 1999 became the youngest person to circumnavigate the globe solo, non-stop, and unassisted, Martin's journey in the S&S 34 sloop ''Lionheart-Mistral'' took approxima ...
returns to
Melbourne
Melbourne ( ; Boonwurrung/Woiwurrung: ''Narrm'' or ''Naarm'') is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-most populous city in both Australia and Oceania. Its name generally refers to a met ...
after 11 months of
circumnavigating the world, solo, non-stop and unassisted.
* 1999 –
EgyptAir Flight 990
EgyptAir Flight 990 (MS990/MSR990) was a regularly scheduled flight from Los Angeles International Airport to Cairo International Airport, with a stop at John F. Kennedy International Airport, New York City. On October 31, 1999, the Boeing 767-3 ...
crashes into the Atlantic Ocean near Nantucket, killing all 217 people on board.
*
2000
File:2000 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Protests against Bush v. Gore after the 2000 United States presidential election; Heads of state meet for the Millennium Summit; The International Space Station in its infant form as seen from ...
–
Soyuz TM-31
Soyuz TM-31 was the first Soyuz spaceflight to dock with the International Space Station (ISS). The spacecraft carried the members of Expedition 1, the first long-duration ISS crew. It was launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan at 07 ...
launches, carrying the first resident crew to the
International Space Station
The International Space Station (ISS) is the largest modular space station currently in low Earth orbit. It is a multinational collaborative project involving five participating space agencies: NASA (United States), Roscosmos (Russia), JAXA ...
. The ISS has been crewed continuously since then.
* 2000 –
Singapore Airlines Flight 006
Singapore Airlines Flight 006 (SQ006/SIA006) was a scheduled Singapore Airlines passenger flight from Singapore Changi Airport to Los Angeles International Airport via Chiang Kai-shek International Airport (now Taiwan Taoyuan International Airp ...
crashes on takeoff from
Taipei
Taipei (), officially Taipei City, is the capital and a special municipality of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Located in Northern Taiwan, Taipei City is an enclave of the municipality of New Taipei City that sits about southwest of the n ...
, killing 83.
*
2002
File:2002 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 2002 Winter Olympics are held in Salt Lake City; Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother and her daughter Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon die; East Timor gains East Timor independence, indepe ...
– A federal grand jury in
Houston, Texas
Houston (; ) is the most populous city in Texas, the most populous city in the Southern United States, the fourth-most populous city in the United States, and the sixth-most populous city in North America, with a population of 2,304,580 in ...
indicts former
Enron
Enron Corporation was an American energy, commodities, and services company based in Houston, Texas. It was founded by Kenneth Lay in 1985 as a merger between Lay's Houston Natural Gas and InterNorth, both relatively small regional companies. ...
chief financial officer
Andrew Fastow
Andrew Stuart "Andy" Fastow (born December 22, 1961) is a convicted felon and former financier who was the chief financial officer of Enron Corporation, an energy trading company based in Houston, Texas, until he was fired shortly before the c ...
on 78 counts of
wire fraud
Mail fraud and wire fraud are terms used in the United States to describe the use of a physical or electronic mail system to fraud, defraud another, and are Federal crime in the United States, federal crimes there. Jurisdiction is claimed by the ...
,
money laundering
Money laundering is the process of concealing the origin of money, obtained from illicit activities such as drug trafficking, corruption, embezzlement or gambling, by converting it into a legitimate source. It is a crime in many jurisdictions ...
,
conspiracy
A conspiracy, also known as a plot, is a secret plan or agreement between persons (called conspirers or conspirators) for an unlawful or harmful purpose, such as murder or treason, especially with political motivation, while keeping their agree ...
and
obstruction of justice
Obstruction of justice, in United States jurisdictions, is an act that involves unduly influencing, impeding, or otherwise interfering with the justice system, especially the legal and procedural tasks of prosecutors, investigators, or other gov ...
related to the collapse of his ex-employer.
*
2003
File:2003 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The crew of STS-107 perished when the Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated during reentry into Earth's atmosphere; SARS became an epidemic in China, and was a precursor to SARS-CoV-2; A des ...
–
Mahathir bin Mohamad
Mahathir bin Mohamad ( ms, محاضير بن محمد, label= Jawi, script=arab, italic=unset; ; born 10 July 1925) is a Malaysian politician, author, and physician who served as the 4th and 7th Prime Minister of Malaysia. He held the office ...
resigns as
Prime Minister of Malaysia
The prime minister of Malaysia ( ms, Perdana Menteri Malaysia; ms, ڤردان منتري مليسيا, label= Jawi, script=arab, italic=unset) is the head of government of Malaysia. The prime minister directs the executive branch of the fede ...
and is replaced by Deputy Prime Minister
Abdullah Ahmad Badawi
Tun Abdullah bin Ahmad Badawi ( Jawi: عبد الله بن احمد بدوي; born 26 November 1939) is a Malaysian politician who served as the 5th Prime Minister of Malaysia from October 2003 to April 2009. He was also the sixth president of ...
, marking an end to Mahathir's 22 years in power.
*
2011
File:2011 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: a protester partaking in Occupy Wall Street heralds the beginning of the Occupy movement; protests against Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi, who was killed that October; a young man celebrate ...
– The
global population
In demographics, the world population is the total number of humans currently living. It was estimated by the United Nations to have exceeded 8 billion in November 2022. It took over 200,000 years of human prehistory and history for the ...
of humans reaches seven billion. This day is now recognized by the
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...
as the
Day of Seven Billion.
*
2014
File:2014 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Stocking up supplies and personal protective equipment (PPE) for the Western African Ebola virus epidemic; Citizens examining the ruins after the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping; Bundles of wat ...
– During a test flight, the
VSS ''Enterprise'', a
Virgin Galactic
Virgin Galactic is an American spaceflight company founded by Richard Branson and his British Virgin Group retains an 11.9% stake through Virgin Investments Limited. It is headquartered in California, and operates from New Mexico. The compan ...
experimental spaceflight test vehicle, suffers a
catastrophic in-flight breakup and
crashes in the
Mojave Desert
The Mojave Desert ( ; mov, Hayikwiir Mat'aar; es, Desierto de Mojave) is a desert in the rain shadow of the Sierra Nevada mountains in the Southwestern United States. It is named for the indigenous Mojave people. It is located primarily in ...
,
California
California is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, located along the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the List of states and territori ...
,
*
2015
File:2015 Events Collage new.png, From top left, clockwise: Civil service in remembrance of November 2015 Paris attacks; Germanwings Flight 9525 was purposely crashed into the French Alps; the rubble of residences in Kathmandu following the Apri ...
–
Metrojet Flight 9268
Metrojet Flight 9268 was an international chartered passenger flight, operated by Russian airline Kogalymavia (branded as Metrojet). On 31 October 2015, at 06:13 local time EST (04:13 UTC), an Airbus A321-231 operating the flight exploded ...
is bombed over the northern
Sinai Peninsula
The Sinai Peninsula, or simply Sinai (now usually ) (, , cop, Ⲥⲓⲛⲁ), is a peninsula in Egypt, and the only part of the country located in Asia. It is between the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Red Sea to the south, and is a l ...
, killing all 224 people on board.
*
2017
File:2017 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The War Against ISIS at the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017); aftermath of the Manchester Arena bombing; The Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 ("Great American Eclipse"); North Korea tests a ser ...
–
A truck drives into a crowd in
Lower Manhattan
Lower Manhattan (also known as Downtown Manhattan or Downtown New York) is the southernmost part of Manhattan, the central borough for business, culture, and government in New York City, which is the most populated city in the United States with ...
, New York City, killing eight people.
*
2020
2020 was heavily defined by the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to global Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, social and Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, economic disruption, mass cancellations and postponements of events, COVID- ...
–
Berlin Brandenburg Airport
Berlin Brandenburg Airport ''Willy Brandt'' (german: Flughafen Berlin Brandenburg "Willy Brandt", , ) is an international airport in Schönefeld, just south of the German capital Berlin in the state of Brandenburg. Named after the former ...
opens its doors after nearly 10 years of delays due to construction issues and project corruption.
Births
Pre-1600
*
1345 –
Ferdinand I, king of
Portugal
Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of ...
(d. 1383)
*
1391 –
Edward, King of Portugal
Edward ( pt, Duarte (; 31 October 1391 – 9 September 1438), also called Edward the King Philosopher (''Duarte o Rei-Filósofo'') or the Eloquent (''o Eloquente''), was the King of Portugal from 1433 until his death. He was born in Viseu, the son ...
(d. 1438)
*
1424 –
Władysław III, king of
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...
(d. 1444)
*
1445 –
Hedwig, Abbess of Quedlinburg, Princess-Abbess of Quedlinburg (d. 1511)
*
1472
Year 1472 ( MCDLXXII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* February 20 – Orkney and Shetland are returned by Norway to Scotland, as a resul ...
–
Wang Yangming
Wang Shouren (, 26 October 1472 – 9 January 1529), courtesy name Bo'an (), art name Yangmingzi (), usually referred to as Wang Yangming (), was a Chinese calligrapher, general, philosopher, politician, and writer during the Ming dynasty ...
, Chinese Neo-Confucian scholar (d. 1529)
*
1542 –
Henriette of Cleves
Henriette de La Marck (31 October 1542 – 24 June 1601), also known as Henriette of Cleves, was a French noblewoman and courtier. She was the 4th Duchess of Nevers, ''suo jure'' Countess of Rethel, and Princess of Mantua by her marriage with Lo ...
, Duchess of Nevers, Countess of Rethel (d. 1601)
*
1599 –
Denzil Holles, 1st Baron Holles
Denzil Holles, 1st Baron Holles PC (31 October 1598 – 17 February 1680) was an English statesman, best remembered as one of the Five Members whose attempted arrest by Charles I in January 1642 sparked the First English Civil War.
When fighti ...
, English politician (d. 1680)
1601–1900
*
1620 –
John Evelyn
John Evelyn (31 October 162027 February 1706) was an English writer, landowner, gardener, courtier and minor government official, who is now best known as a diarist. He was a founding Fellow of the Royal Society.
John Evelyn's diary, or memo ...
, English gardener and author (d. 1706)
*
1632 –
Johannes Vermeer
Johannes Vermeer ( , , #Pronunciation of name, see below; also known as Jan Vermeer; October 1632 – 15 December 1675) was a Dutch Baroque Period Painting, painter who specialized in domestic interior scenes of middle class, middle-class life. ...
, Dutch painter (d. 1675)
*
1636 –
Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria
Ferdinand Maria (31 October 1636 – 26 May 1679) was a Wittelsbach ruler of Bavaria and an elector ('' Kurfürst'') of the Holy Roman Empire from 1651 to 1679.
Electoral Prince of Bavaria
He was born in Munich. He was the eldest son of Maximi ...
(d. 1679)
*
1638
Events January–March
* January 4 –
**A naval battle takes place in the Indian Ocean off of the coast of Goa at South India as a Netherlands fleet commanded by Admiral Adam Westerwolt decimates the Portuguese fleet.
**A fleet of 80 ...
–
Meindert Hobbema
Meindert Lubbertszoon Hobbema (bapt. 31 October 1638 – 7 December 1709) was a Dutch Golden Age painter of landscapes, specializing in views of woodland, although his most famous painting, '' The Avenue at Middelharnis'' (1689, National Galle ...
, Dutch painter (d. 1709)
*
1686 –
Senesino
Francesco Bernardi (; 31 October 1686 – 27 November 1758), known as Senesino ( or traditionally ), was a celebrated Italian contralto castrato, particularly remembered today for his long collaboration with the composer George Frideric Handel ...
, Italian singer and actor (d. 1758)
*
1692 –
Anne Claude de Caylus
Anne Claude de Tubières-Grimoard de Pestels de Lévis, ''comte de Caylus'', marquis d'Esternay, baron de Bransac (Anne Claude Philippe; 31 October, 16925 September 1765), was a French antiquarian, proto- archaeologist and man of letters.
Born i ...
, French archaeologist and author (d. 1765)
*
1694 –
Yeongjo of Joseon
Yeongjo of Joseon (31 October 1694 – 22 April 1776), personal name Yi Geum (Korean language, Korean: 이금, Hanja: 李昑), was the 21st monarch of the Joseon, Joseon dynasty of Korea. He was the second son of Sukjong of Joseon, King Sukjong ...
(d. 1776)
*
1705 –
Pope Clement XIV
Pope Clement XIV ( la, Clemens XIV; it, Clemente XIV; 31 October 1705 – 22 September 1774), born Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 May 1769 to his death in Sep ...
(d. 1774)
*
1711
In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Tuesday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.
Events
January–March
* January – Cary's Rebellion: The Lords Proprietor appoint Edward ...
–
Laura Bassi
Laura Maria Caterina Bassi Veratti (29 October 1711 – 20 February 1778) was an Italian physicist and academic. Recognized and depicted as "Minerva" (goddess of wisdom), she was the first woman to have a doctorate in science, and the second wo ...
, Italian physician, physicist, and academic (d. 1778)
*
1714 –
Hedvig Taube
Hedvig Ulrika Taube (31 October 1714 – 11 February 1744), also Countess von Hessenstein was a Swedish courtier and countess, a Holy Roman countess of the Empire, and royal mistress to king Frederick I of Sweden from 1731 to 1744. She is regarde ...
, Swedish courtier (d. 1744)
*
1724 –
Christopher Anstey
Christopher Anstey (31 October 1724 – 3 August 1805) was an English poet who also wrote in Latin. After a period managing his family's estates, he moved permanently to Bath and died after a long public life there. His poem, ''The New Bath Gui ...
, English author and poet (d. 1805)
*
1729 –
Alonso Núñez de Haro y Peralta
Dr. Alonso Núñez de Haro y Peralta (October 31, 1729 – May 26, 1800) was archbishop of Mexico from September 12, 1772, to May 26, 1800, and viceroy of New Spain from May 8, 1787, to August 16, 1787.
Origins and education
Núñez de Ha ...
, Spanish cleric, Archbishop of Mexico,
Viceroy of New Spain
The following is a list of Viceroys of New Spain.
In addition to viceroys, the following lists the highest Spanish governors of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, before the appointment of the first viceroy or when the office of viceroy was vacant. M ...
(d. 1800)
*
1737
Events
January–March
* January 5 – Spain and the Holy Roman Empire sign instruments of cession at Pontremoli in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany in Italy, with the Empire receiving control of Tuscany and the Grand Duchy of Parma a ...
–
James Lovell
James Arthur Lovell Jr. (; born March 25, 1928) is an American retired astronaut, naval aviator, test pilot and mechanical engineer. In 1968, as command module pilot of Apollo 8, he became, with Frank Borman and William Anders, one of the f ...
, American educator and politician (d. 1789)
*
1760 –
Katsushika Hokusai
, known simply as Hokusai, was a Japanese ukiyo-e artist of the Edo period, active as a painter and printmaker. He is best known for the woodblock print series '' Thirty-Six Views of Mount Fuji'', which includes the iconic print ''The Great W ...
, Japanese artist and printmaker (d. 1849)
*
1795 –
John Keats
John Keats (31 October 1795 – 23 February 1821) was an English poet of the second generation of Romantic poets, with Lord Byron and Percy Bysshe Shelley. His poems had been in publication for less than four years when he died of tuberculo ...
, English poet (d. 1821)
*
1815
Events
January
* January 2 – Lord Byron marries Anna Isabella Milbanke in Seaham, county of Durham, England.
* January 3 – Austria, Britain, and Bourbon-restored France form a secret defensive alliance treaty against Prussi ...
–
Thomas Chapman, English-Australian politician, 5th
Premier of Tasmania
The premier of Tasmania is the head of the executive government in the Australian state of Tasmania. By convention, the leader of the party or political grouping which has majority support in the House of Assembly is invited by the governor of Ta ...
(d. 1884)
* 1815 –
Karl Weierstrass
Karl Theodor Wilhelm Weierstrass (german: link=no, Weierstraß ; 31 October 1815 – 19 February 1897) was a German mathematician often cited as the "father of modern analysis". Despite leaving university without a degree, he studied mathematics ...
, German mathematician and academic (d. 1897)
*
1825 –
Charles Lavigerie
Charles Martial Allemand Lavigerie (31 October 1825 – 26 November 1892) was a French cardinal (Catholicism), cardinal, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tunis, archbishop of Carthage and Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Algiers, Algiers and primate of A ...
, French-Algerian cardinal and academic (d. 1892)
*
1831 –
Paolo Mantegazza, Italian neurologist, physiologist, and anthropologist (d. 1910)
*
1835
Events
January–March
* January 7 – anchors off the Chonos Archipelago on her second voyage, with Charles Darwin on board as naturalist.
* January 8 – The United States public debt contracts to zero, for the only time in history.
...
–
Adelbert Ames
Adelbert Ames (October 31, 1835 – April 13, 1933) was an American sailor, soldier, and politician who served with distinction as a Union Army general during the American Civil War. A Radical Republican, he was military governor, U.S. Senat ...
, American general and politician, 27th
Governor of Mississippi
A governor is an administrative leader and head of a polity or political region, ranking under the head of state and in some cases, such as governors-general, as the head of state's official representative. Depending on the type of political ...
(d. 1933)
* 1835 –
Krišjānis Barons
Krišjānis Barons (October 31, 1835 – March 8, 1923) was a Latvian writer who is known as the "father of the dainas" ( lv, "Dainu Tēvs") thanks largely to his systematization of the Latvian folk songs and his labour in preparing their tex ...
, Latvian linguist and author (d. 1923)
* 1835 –
Adolf von Baeyer
Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer (; 31 October 1835 – 20 August 1917) was a German chemist who synthesised indigo and developed a nomenclature for cyclic compounds (that was subsequently extended and adopted as part of the IUPAC org ...
, German chemist and academic,
Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
laureate (d. 1917)
*
1838 –
Luís I of Portugal
Dom Luís I (31 October 1838, in Lisbon – 19 October 1889, in Cascais), known as The Popular (Portuguese: O Popular) was a member of the ruling House of Braganza,"While remaining patrilineal dynasts of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha accord ...
(d. 1889)
*
1847 –
Galileo Ferraris
Galileo Ferraris (31 October 1847 – 7 February 1897) was an Italian university professor, physicist and electrical engineer, one of the pioneers of AC power system and inventor of the induction motor although he never patented his work. Many ...
, Italian physicist and engineer (d. 1897)
*
1848 –
Boston Custer
Boston Custer (October 31, 1848 – June 25, 1876) was the youngest brother of U.S. Army Lt Colonel George Armstrong Custer and two-time Medal of Honor recipient Captain Thomas Custer. He was killed at the Battle of the Little Bighorn alo ...
, American soldier (d. 1876)
*
1849 –
Marie Louise Andrews, American story writer and journalist (d. 1891)
*
1851 –
Louise of Sweden
Louise Josephine Eugenie of Sweden ( sv, Lovisa Josefina Eugenia; 31 October 1851 – 20 March 1926) was Queen of Denmark from 1906 until 1912 as the spouse of King Frederick VIII.
Born into the House of Bernadotte, Louise was the only surviv ...
(d. 1926)
*
1856 –
Charles Leroux
Charles Leroux (born as Joseph Johnson; 31 October 1856 in Waterbury, Connecticut, United States – in Tallinn, Reval, Governorate of Estonia, Russian Empire) was an American Balloon (aircraft), balloonist and Parachuting, parachutist.
He d ...
, American balloonist and skydiver (d. 1889)
*
1858 –
Saint Geevarghese Mar Dionysius of Vattasseril
Geevarghese Mar Dionysius of Vattasseril popularly known as Vattasseril Thirumeni (31 October 1858 – 23 February 1934) was a bishop of the Malankara Church, 15th Malankara Metropolitan, and a founder of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Chu ...
, Indian Orthodox Saint (d. 1934)
*
1860 –
Juliette Gordon Low
Juliette Gordon Low (October 31, 1860 – January 17, 1927) was the American founder of Girl Scouts of the USA. Inspired by the work of Lord Baden-Powell, founder of Boy Scouts, she joined the Girl Guide movement in England, forming her own g ...
, American scout leader, founded the
Girl Scouts of the United States of America
Girl Scouts of the United States of America (GSUSA), commonly referred to as simply Girl Scouts, is a youth organization for girls in the United States and American girls living abroad. Founded by Juliette Gordon Low in 1912, it was organized a ...
(d. 1927)
* 1860 –
Andrew Volstead
Andrew John Volstead () (October 31, 1860 – January 20, 1947) was an American member of the United States House of Representatives from Minnesota, 1903–1923, and a member of the Republican Party. His name is closely associated with the N ...
, American politician (d. 1947)
*
1868
Events
January–March
* January 2 – British Expedition to Abyssinia: Robert Napier leads an expedition to free captive British officials and missionaries.
* January 3 – The 15-year-old Mutsuhito, Emperor Meiji of Jap ...
–
John Weir Troy
John Weir Troy (October 31, 1868 — May 2, 1942) was an American Democratic politician who was the Governor of Alaska Territory from 1933 to 1939. He was born in Dungeness, Washington and died in Juneau, Alaska.
John Troy began his profession ...
, American journalist, and politician, 5th
Governor
A governor is an administrative leader and head of a polity or political region, ranking under the head of state and in some cases, such as governors-general, as the head of state's official representative. Depending on the type of political ...
of the
Territory of Alaska
The Territory of Alaska or Alaska Territory was an organized incorporated territory of the United States from August 24, 1912, until Alaska was granted statehood on January 3, 1959. The territory was previously Russian America, 1784–1867; the ...
(d. 1942)
*
1875
Events
January–March
* January 1 – The Midland Railway of England abolishes the Second Class passenger category, leaving First Class and Third Class. Other British railway companies follow Midland's lead during the rest of the ...
–
Eugene Meyer, American businessman and publisher (d. 1954)
* 1875 –
Vallabhbhai Patel
Vallabhbhai Jhaverbhai Patel (; ; 31 October 1875 – 15 December 1950), commonly known as Sardar, was an Indian lawyer, influential political leader, barrister and statesman who served as the first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister of I ...
, Indian lawyer, freedom fighter and politician, 1st
Deputy Prime Minister of India
The deputy prime minister of India ( IAST: ''Bhārat Ke Upapradhānamantri'') is the second highest ranking minister of the Union in the executive branch of the Government of India and is a senior member of the Union Council of Ministers. The off ...
(d. 1950)
*
1876
Events
January–March
* January 1
** The Reichsbank opens in Berlin.
** The Bass Brewery Red Triangle becomes the world's first registered trademark symbol.
* February 2 – The National League of Professional Base Ball Clubs i ...
–
Natalie Clifford Barney
Natalie Clifford Barney (October 31, 1876 – February 2, 1972) was an American writer who hosted a literary salon at her home in Paris that brought together French and international writers. She influenced other authors through her salon and a ...
, American poet and playwright (d. 1972)
*
1879 –
Karel Hašler
Karel Hašler (31 October 1879 in Prague – 22 December 1941 in Mauthausen) was a Czech songwriter, actor, lyricist, film and theatre director, composer, writer, dramatist, screenwriter and cabaretier. He was murdered in the Mauthausen concent ...
, Czech actor, director, and composer (d. 1941)
*
1880 –
Julia Peterkin
Julia Peterkin (October 31, 1880 – August 10, 1961) was an American author from South Carolina. In 1929 she won the Pulitzer Prize for Novel/Literature for her novel ''Scarlet Sister Mary.'' She wrote several novels about the plantation South ...
, American author (d. 1961)
* 1880 –
Mikhail Tomsky
Mikhail Pavlovich Tomsky (Russian: Михаи́л Па́влович То́мский, born ''Mikhail Pavlovich Yefremov''sometimes transliterated as ''Efremov''; Михаи́л Па́влович Ефре́мов; 31 October 1880 – 22 Augus ...
, Soviet politician, member of the
(d. 1936)
*
1881 –
Toshizō Nishio
was a Japanese general, considered to be one of the Imperial Japanese Army's most successful and ablest strategists during the Second Sino-Japanese War, who commanded the Japanese Second Army during the first years after the Marco Polo Bridge In ...
, Japanese general (d. 1960)
*
1883
Events
January–March
* January 4 – ''Life'' magazine is founded in Los Angeles, California, United States.
* January 10 – A fire at the Newhall Hotel in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, kills 73 people.
* Ja ...
–
Marie Laurencin
Marie Laurencin (31 October 1883 – 8 June 1956) was a French painter and printmaker. She became an important figure in the Parisian avant-garde as a member of the Cubists associated with the Section d'Or.
Biography
Laurencin was born in Paris ...
, French painter and illustrator (d. 1956)
* 1883 –
Anthony Wilding
Anthony Frederick Wilding (31 October 1883 – 9 May 1915), also known as Tony Wilding, was a New Zealand world No. 1 tennis player and soldier who was killed in action during World War I. Considered the world's first tennis superstar, Wildin ...
, New Zealand tennis player, cricketer, and soldier (d. 1915)
*
1887 –
Chiang Kai-shek
Chiang Kai-shek (31 October 1887 – 5 April 1975), also known as Chiang Chung-cheng and Jiang Jieshi, was a Chinese Nationalist politician, revolutionary, and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China (ROC) from 1928 ...
, Chinese general and politician, 1st
President of the Republic of China
The president of the Republic of China, now often referred to as the president of Taiwan, is the head of state of the Republic of China (ROC), as well as the commander-in-chief of the Republic of China Armed Forces. The position once had aut ...
(
Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the nort ...
) (d. 1975)
* 1887 –
Newsy Lalonde
Édouard Cyrille "Newsy" Lalonde (October 31, 1887 – November 21, 1970) was a Canadian professional ice hockey forward in the National Hockey League (NHL) and a professional lacrosse player. Lalonde is regarded as one of hockey's and lacrosse's ...
, Canadian ice hockey player and lacrosse player (d. 1970)
*
1888 –
Napoleon Lapathiotis, Greek poet and author (d. 1944)
*
1892
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Ellis Island begins accommodating immigrants to the United States.
* February 1 - The historic Enterprise Bar and Grill was established in Rico, Colorado.
* February 27 – Rudolf Diesel applies for ...
–
Alexander Alekhine
Alexander Aleksandrovich Alekhine, ''Aleksándr Aleksándrovich Alékhin''; (March 24, 1946) was a Russian and French chess player and the fourth World Chess Champion, a title he held for two reigns.
By the age of 22, Alekhine was already a ...
, Russian chess player and author (d. 1946)
*
1895 –
B. H. Liddell Hart, English soldier, historian, and theorist (d. 1970)
*
1896 –
Ethel Waters
Ethel Waters (October 31, 1896 – September 1, 1977) was an American singer and actress. Waters frequently performed jazz, swing, and pop music on the Broadway stage and in concerts. She began her career in the 1920s singing blues. Her no ...
, American singer and actress (d. 1977)
*
1897 –
Constance Savery
Constance Winifred Savery (31 October 1897 – 2 March 1999) was a British writer of fifty novels and children's books, as well as many short stories and articles. She was selected for the initial issue of the long-running series entitled ' ...
, English author (d. 1999)
*
1900
As of March 1 ( O.S. February 17), when the Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not, the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 13 days until February 28 ( O.S. February 15), 2 ...
–
Asbjørg Borgfelt, Norwegian sculptor (d. 1976)
1901–present
*
1902 –
Carlos Drummond de Andrade
Carlos Drummond de Andrade () (October 31, 1902 – August 17, 1987) was a Brazilian poet and writer, considered by some as the greatest Brazilian poet of all time.
He has become something of a national cultural symbol in Brazil, where his wi ...
, Brazilian poet (d. 1987)
* 1902 –
Julia Lee, American blues singer-songwriter and pianist (d. 1958)
* 1902 –
Abraham Wald
Abraham Wald (; hu, Wald Ábrahám, yi, אברהם וואַלד; – ) was a Jewish Hungarian mathematician who contributed to decision theory, geometry, and econometrics and founded the field of statistical sequential analysis. One of ...
, Jewish-Hungarian mathematician and economist (d. 1950)
*
1907 –
Edgar Sampson
Edgar is a commonly used English given name, from an Anglo-Saxon name ''Eadgar'' (composed of '' ead'' "rich, prosperous" and '' gar'' "spear").
Like most Anglo-Saxon names, it fell out of use by the later medieval period; it was, however, r ...
, American musician and composer (d. 1973)
*
1908 –
Muriel Duckworth
Muriel Helen Duckworth (née Ball; October 31, 1908 – August 22, 2009) was a Canadian pacifist, feminist, and social and community activist. She was a practising Quaker, a religious denomination committed to non-violence. Duckworth maintain ...
, Canadian activist (d. 2009)
*
1912 –
Dale Evans
Dale Evans Rogers (born Frances Octavia Smith; October 31, 1912 – February 7, 2001) was an American actress, singer, and songwriter. She was the third wife of singing cowboy Roy Rogers.
Early life
Evans was born Frances Octavia Smith on ...
, American singer-songwriter and actress (d. 2001)
* 1912 –
Ollie Johnston
Oliver Martin Johnston Jr. (October 31, 1912 – April 14, 2008) was an American motion picture animator. He was one of Disney's Nine Old Men, and the last surviving at the time of his death from natural causes. He was recognized by The Walt ...
, American animator and voice actor (d. 2008)
*
1914
This year saw the beginning of what became known as World War I, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip. It als ...
–
John Hugenholtz
Johannes Bernhardus Theodorus "Hans" Hugenholtz, known in English-speaking countries as John Hugenholtz (October 31, 1914, Vledder – March 25, 1995, Bentveld) was a Dutch designer of race tracks and cars.
Hugenholtz's father, of the same name ...
, Dutch engineer and designer (d. 1995)
*
1915
Events
Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix.
January
* January – British physicist Sir Joseph Larmor publishes his observations on "The Influence of Local Atmospheric Cooling on Astronomical Refraction".
*January 1 ...
–
Jane Jarvis
Jane Jarvis (née Nossette, October 31, 1915 – January 25, 2010) was an American jazz pianist. She was also known for her work as a composer, baseball stadium organist and music industry executive.
Life and career
Jarvis was born in Vince ...
, American pianist and composer (d. 2010)
*
1916 –
Count Carl Johan Bernadotte of Wisborg
Carl Johan Arthur, Prince Bernadotte, Count of Wisborg, (31 October 1916 – 5 May 2012) was the fourth son and fifth and youngest child of King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden and his first wife Princess Margaret of Connaught.
He was born a Prince ...
(d. 2012)
*
1917 –
William H. McNeill, Canadian-American historian and author (d. 2016)
* 1917 –
Gordon Steege, Australian soldier and pilot (d. 2013)
*
1918 –
Ian Stevenson
Ian Pretyman Stevenson (October 31, 1918 – February 8, 2007) was a Canadian-born American psychiatrist, the founder and director of the Division of Perceptual Studies at the University of Virginia School of Medicine.
He was a professor at th ...
, American psychiatrist and academic (d. 2007)
*
1919
Events
January
* January 1
** The Czechoslovak Legions occupy much of the self-proclaimed "free city" of Pressburg (now Bratislava), enforcing its incorporation into the new republic of Czechoslovakia.
** HMY ''Iolaire'' sinks off the c ...
–
Daphne Oxenford
Daphne Margaret du Grivel Oxenford (31 October 1919 – 21 December 2012) was an English actress, known for her early stage roles, and later her radio and television work. She was the voice (''"Are you sitting comfortably ...?"'') of BBC ra ...
, English actress (d. 2012)
* 1919 –
Magnus Wenninger
Father Magnus J. Wenninger Order of Saint Benedict, OSB (October 31, 1919Banchoff (2002)– February 17, 2017) was an American mathematician who worked on constructing polyhedron models, and wrote the first book on their construction.
Early life ...
, American mathematician and author (d. 2017)
*
1920 –
Dick Francis
Richard Stanley Francis (31 October 1920 – 14 February 2010) was a British steeplechase jockey and crime writer whose novels centre on horse racing in England.
After wartime service in the RAF, Francis became a full-time jump-jockey, wi ...
, Welsh-Caymanian jockey and author (d. 2010)
* 1920 –
Joseph Gelineau, French priest and composer (d. 2008)
* 1920 –
Helmut Newton
Helmut Newton (born Helmut Neustädter; 31 October 192023 January 2004) was a German-Australian photographer. The ''New York Times'' described him as a "prolific, widely imitated fashion photographer whose provocative, erotically charged black-a ...
, German-Australian photographer (d. 2004)
* 1920 –
Fritz Walter
Friedrich "Fritz" Walter (, ; 31 October 1920 – 17 June 2002) was a German footballer who spent his entire senior career at 1. FC Kaiserslautern. He usually played as an attacking midfielder or inside forward. In his time with the Germany an ...
, German footballer (d. 2002)
*
1922
Events
January
* January 7 – Dáil Éireann (Irish Republic), Dáil Éireann, the parliament of the Irish Republic, ratifies the Anglo-Irish Treaty by 64–57 votes.
* January 10 – Arthur Griffith is elected President of Dáil Éirean ...
–
Barbara Bel Geddes
Barbara Bel Geddes (October 31, 1922 – August 8, 2005) was an American stage and screen actress, artist, and children's author whose career spanned almost five decades. She was best known for her starring role as Miss Ellie Ewing in the t ...
, American actress (d. 2005)
* 1922 –
Illinois Jacquet
Jean-Baptiste "Illinois" Jacquet (October 30, 1922 – July 22, 2004) was an American jazz tenor saxophonist, best remembered for his solo on "Flying Home", critically recognized as the first R&B saxophone solo.
Although he was a pioneer of t ...
, American saxophonist and composer (d. 2004)
* 1922 –
Norodom Sihanouk
Norodom Sihanouk (; km, នរោត្តម សីហនុ, ; 31 October 192215 October 2012) was a Cambodian statesman, Sangkum and FUNCINPEC politician, Norodom Sihanouk filmography, film director, and composer who led Cambodia in vari ...
, Cambodian politician, 1st Prime Minister of Cambodia (d. 2012)
*1925 – Lawrence A. Cremin, American historian and author (d. 1990)
* 1925 – John Pople, English-American chemist and academic,
Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
laureate (d. 2004)
* 1925 – Robert B. Rheault, American colonel (d. 2013)
*1926 – Jimmy Savile, English radio and television host (d. 2011)
*1928 – Andrew Sarris, American critic and educator (d. 2012)
*1929 – William Orchard (water polo), William Orchard, Australian water polo player and psychiatrist (d. 2014)
* 1929 – Bud Spencer, Italian swimmer, actor, and screenwriter (d. 2016)
*1930 – Michael Collins (astronaut), Michael Collins, American general, pilot, and astronaut (d. 2021)
* 1930 – Booker Ervin, American saxophonist (d. 1970)
*1931 – Dan Rather, American journalist
*1933 – Phil Goyette, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
* 1933 – Iemasa Kayumi, Japanese voice actor (d. 2014)
*1935 – Dale Brown (basketball), Dale Brown, American basketball player and coach
* 1935 – Ronald Graham, American mathematician and theorist (d. 2020)
* 1935 – David Harvey, English-American geographer and academic
*1936 – Michael Landon, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1991)
*1937 – Tom Paxton, American folk music singer-songwriter and guitarist
*1939 – Tom O'Connor (comedian), Tom O'Connor, English actor and game show host (d. 2021)
* 1939 – Ron Rifkin, American actor
* 1939 – Ali Farka Touré, Malian singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2006)
*
1940 – Craig Rodwell, American businessman and activist, founded the Oscar Wilde Bookshop (d. 1993)
* 1940 – Judith Wilcox, Baroness Wilcox, English businesswoman and politician
*
1941
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January–August – 10,072 men, women and children with mental and physical disabilities are asphyxiated with carbon monoxide in a gas chamber, at Hadamar Eu ...
– Dan Alderson, American scientist and academic (d. 1989)
* 1941 – Derek Bell (racing driver), Derek Bell, English race car driver
* 1941 – Sally Kirkland, American actress
* 1941 – Werner Krieglstein, Czech-American philosopher and academic
*1942 – David Ogden Stiers, American actor (d. 2018)
*
1943
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 1 – WWII: The Soviet Union announces that 22 German divisions have been encircled at Stalingrad, with 175,000 killed and 137,650 captured.
* January 4 – ...
– Elliott Forbes-Robinson, American race car driver
* 1943 – Paul Frampton, English-American physicist and academic
* 1943 – Aristotelis Pavlidis, Greek politician, 13th Ministry for the Aegean, Greek Minister for the Aegean and Island Policy
* 1943 – Brian Piccolo, American football player (d. 1970)
*1945 – Russ Ballard, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1945 – Brian Doyle-Murray, American actor and comedian
* 1945 – Barrie Keeffe, English playwright, screenwriter, and producer (d. 2019)
*1946 – Stephen Rea, Irish actor
*1947 – Deidre Hall, American actress
* 1947 – Frank Shorter, American runner and sportscaster
* 1947 – Herman Van Rompuy, Belgian academic and politician, 66th Prime Minister of Belgium
*1948 – Michael Kitchen, English actor and producer
* 1948 – Franco Gasparri, Italian actor (d. 1999)
*1949 – Mart Helme, Estonian journalist and diplomat
* 1949 – Bob Siebenberg, American drummer
* 1949 – Alison Wolf, English economist and academic
*1950 – John Candy, Canadian actor, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1994)
* 1950 – Zaha Hadid, Iraqi-English architect and academic, designed the Bridge Pavilion (d. 2016)
* 1950 – Jane Pauley, American journalist
* 1950 – Antonio Taguba, Filipino-American general
*1951 – Nick Saban, American football player and coach
* 1951 – Dave Trembley, American baseball player, coach, and manager
*1952 – Bernard Edwards, American bass player, songwriter, and producer (d. 1996)
* 1952 – Joe West (umpire), Joe West, American baseball umpire
*1953 – John Lucas II, American basketball player and coach
*1954 – Mari Okamoto, Japanese actress
* 1954 – Ken Wahl, American actor and screenwriter
*1955 – Michalis Chrisochoidis, Greek lawyer and politician, Ministry of Public Order and Citizen Protection, Greek Minister of Public Order
* 1955 – Susan Orlean, American journalist and author
*
1956 – Bruce Bawer, American poet and critic
* 1956 – Christopher de Leon, Filipino actor, director, producer, and politician
* 1956 – Anders Lago, Swedish lawyer and politician
* 1956 – Charles Moore (journalist), Charles Moore, English journalist and author
*1957 – Brian Stokes Mitchell, American singer and actor
* 1957 – Robert Pollard, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
*1959 – Mats Näslund, Swedish ice hockey player
* 1959 – Neal Stephenson, American author
*1960 – Arnaud Desplechin, French director, cinematographer, and screenwriter
* 1960 – Luis Fortuño, Puerto Rican lawyer and politician, 9th Governor of Puerto Rico
* 1960 – Mike Gallego, American baseball player and coach
* 1960 – Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran
*
1961
Events January
* January 3
** United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower announces that the United States has severed diplomatic and consular relations with Cuba ( Cuba–United States relations are restored in 2015).
** Aero Flight 311 ...
– Alonzo Babers, American runner and pilot
* 1961 – Kate Campbell, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1961 – Peter Jackson, New Zealand actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
* 1961 – Larry Mullen, Jr., Irish musician, songwriter, and actor
*1962 – Jonathan Borden, American neurosurgeon and academic
* 1962 – Anna Geifman, American historian, author, and academic
* 1962 – John Giannini, American basketball player and coach
* 1962 – Mari Jungstedt, Swedish journalist and author
* 1962 – Raphael Rabello, Brazilian guitarist and composer (d. 1995)
* 1962 – Dan Wood (ice hockey), Dan Wood, Canadian ice hockey player
*
1963
Events January
* January 1 – Bogle–Chandler case: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation scientist Dr. Gilbert Bogle and Mrs. Margaret Chandler are found dead (presumed poisoned), in bushland near the Lane Cov ...
– Mikkey Dee, Swedish hard rock drummer and musician
* 1963 – Johnny Marr, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1963 – Fred McGriff, American baseball player
* 1963 – Dermot Mulroney, American actor
* 1963 – Rob Schneider, American actor and comedian
* 1963 – Dunga, Brazilian footballer and manager
*1964 – Frank Bruni, American journalist and critic
* 1964 – Colm Ó Cíosóig, Irish musician
* 1964 – Marco van Basten, Dutch footballer and manager
* 1964 – Darryl Worley, American country music singer-songwriter and guitarist
*1965 – Paul du Toit, South African painter and sculptor (d. 2014)
* 1965 – Blue Edwards, American basketball player
* 1965 – Ruud Hesp, Dutch footballer
* 1965 – Denis Irwin, Irish footballer and journalist
* 1965 – Rob Rackstraw, English voice actor
*1966 – Ad-Rock, American rapper, producer, and actor
* 1966 – Koji Kanemoto, Japanese wrestler
* 1966 – Annabella Lwin, Anglo-Burmese singer-songwriter and record producer
* 1966 – Mike O'Malley, American actor and comedian
*1967 – Vanilla Ice, American rapper, television personality, and real estate investor
* 1967 – Buddy Lazier, American race car driver
* 1967 – Adam Schlesinger, American bass player, songwriter, and producer (d. 2020)
*
1968 – Antonio Davis, American basketball player and sportscaster
*1970 – Linn Berggren, Swedish singer-songwriter
*1971 – Alphonso Ford, American basketball player (d. 2004)
* 1971 – Irina Pantaeva, Russian model and actress
*
1973 – Paul Abrahams, English footballer and coach
* 1973 – Christopher Bevins, American voice actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
* 1973 – Tim Byrdak, American baseball player
* 1973 – David Dellucci, American baseball player and sportscaster
* 1973 – Beverly Lynne, American actress
*1974 – Muzzy Izzet, English-Turkish footballer
* 1974 – Roger Manganelli, Brazilian-American singer-songwriter and bass player
*1975 – Fabio Celestini, Swiss footballer and manager
* 1975 – Keith Jardine, American mixed martial artist and actor
* 1975 – Johnny Whitworth, American actor and producer
*1976 – Guti (Spanish footballer), Guti, Spanish footballer
* 1976 – Piper Perabo, American actress and producer
*1978 – Inka Grings, German footballer and manager
* 1978 – Emmanuel Izonritei, Nigerian boxer
* 1978 – Marek Saganowski, Polish footballer
* 1978 – Martin Verkerk, Dutch tennis player
*
1979 – Ricardo Fuller, Jamaican footballer
* 1979 – Simão Sabrosa, Portuguese footballer
*1980 – Samaire Armstrong, American model, actress, and fashion designer
* 1980 – Alondra de la Parra, Mexican-American pianist and conductor
* 1980 – Marcel Meeuwis, Dutch footballer
* 1980 – Eddie Kaye Thomas, American actor and voice artist
*1981 – Irina Denezhkina, Russian author
* 1981 – Steven Hunter, American basketball player
* 1981 – Frank Iero, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1981 – Selina Jen, Taiwanese singer and actress
* 1981 – Mike Napoli, American baseball player
*1982 – Jordan Bannister, Australian footballer and umpire
* 1982 – Justin Chatwin, Canadian actor
* 1982 – Tomáš Plekanec, Czech ice hockey player
*1983 – Adam Bouska, American photographer and activist, founded the NOH8 Campaign
*
1984
Events
January
* January 1 – The Bornean Sultanate of Brunei gains full independence from the United Kingdom, having become a British protectorate in 1888.
* January 7 – Brunei becomes the sixth member of the Association of Southeast A ...
– Pat Murray (American football), Pat Murray, American football player
* 1984 – Amanda Pascoe, Australian swimmer
*1985 – Fanny Chmelar, German alpine skier
* 1985 – Kerron Clement, American hurdler and sprinter
*1986 – Chris Alajajian, Australian race car driver
* 1986 – Christie Hayes, Australian actress and producer
*1987 – Nick Foligno, Canadian ice hockey player
* 1987 – Jean-Karl Vernay, French race car driver
*1988 – Cole Aldrich, American basketball player
* 1988 – Sébastien Buemi, Swiss race car driver
* 1988 – Jack Riewoldt, Australian footballer
* 1988 – Lizzy Yarnold, British skeleton racer
*1990 – JID, American rapper
*1993 – Nadine Lustre, Filipino actress and singer
* 1993 – Mercedes Arn-Horn, Canadian musician
*1995 – Joana Valle Costa, Portuguese tennis player
*1997 – Siobhán Bernadette Haughey, Hong Kong-Irish swimmer
* 1997 – Marcus Rashford, English footballer
*
1999 – Léa Serna, French figure skater
*
2000
File:2000 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Protests against Bush v. Gore after the 2000 United States presidential election; Heads of state meet for the Millennium Summit; The International Space Station in its infant form as seen from ...
– Willow Smith, American singer, actress, and dancer
*2005 – Leonor, Princess of Asturias, Leonor, Princess of Asturias
Deaths
Pre-1600
*
932
Year 932 ( CMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
* Summer – Alberic II leads an uprising at Rome against his stepfather Hugh of Provence ...
– Al-Muqtadir, Abbasid caliph (b. 895)
* 994 – Wolfgang of Regensburg, German bishop and saint (b. 934)
*1005 – Abe no Seimei, Japanese astrologer (b. 921)
*1034 – Deokjong of Goryeo, Deokjong, Korean ruler (b. 1016)
*1147 – Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester, son of Henry I of England (b. 1100)
*1214 – Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile, Eleanor of England, queen consort of Castile (b. 1163)
*1320 – Ricold of Monte Croce, Italian Dominican missionary (b. 1242)
*1335 – Marie of Évreux, Duchess Consort of Brabant (b. 1303)
*1448 – John VIII Palaiologos, Byzantine emperor (b. 1390)
*
1517 – Fra Bartolomeo, Italian artist (b. 1472)
*1589 – Peter Stumpp, German farmer and alleged serial killer (b. 1535)
[Fairfax, Edward (1882) ''Daemonologica: A Discourse on Witchcraft''. Harrogate:R. Ackrill. p.97]
1601–1900
*1641 – Cornelis Jol, Dutch admiral (b. 1597)
*1659 – John Bradshaw (judge), John Bradshaw, English lawyer and judge, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (b. 1602)
*1661 – Köprülü Mehmed Pasha, Ottoman politician, 109th List of Ottoman Grand Viziers, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1575)
*1723 – Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1642)
*1732 – Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia, Victor Amadeus II, Duke of Savoy (b. 1666)
*1733 – Eberhard Louis, Duke of Württemberg, Eberhard Louis, Duke of Württemberg (b. 1676)
*1744 – Leonardo Leo, Italian composer (b. 1694)
*1768 – Francesco Maria Veracini, Italian violinist and composer (b. 1690)
*1786 – Princess Amelia of Great Britain (b. 1711)
*1806 – Utamaro, Kitagawa Utamaro, Japanese artist and printmaker (b. ca. 1753)
*
1860 – Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald, Scottish-English admiral and politician (b. 1775)
*1869 – Charles A. Wickliffe, American politician, 14th Governor of Kentucky (b. 1788)
*
1879 – Jacob Abbott, American author and academic (b. 1803)
* 1879 – Joseph Hooker, American general (b. 1814)
*1884 – Marie Bashkirtseff, Ukrainian-Russian painter and sculptor (b. 1858)
1901–present
*1905 – Bryan O'Loghlen, Irish-Australian politician, 13th Premier of Victoria (b. 1828)
*
1913
Events January
* January 5 – First Balkan War: Battle of Lemnos (1913), Battle of Lemnos – Greek admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis forces the Turkish fleet to retreat to its base within the Dardanelles, from which it will not ven ...
– William Evans-Gordon, English soldier and politician (b. 1857)
*
1916 – Charles Taze Russell, American minister (b. 1852)
* 1916 – Huang Xing, Chinese revolutionary leader and statesman (b. 1874)
*
1918 – Egon Schiele, Austrian painter (b. 1890)
*
1920 – Alphonse Desjardins (co-operator), Alphonse Desjardins, Canadian businessman (b. 1854)
*1925 – Max Linder, French actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1883)
* 1925 – Mikhail Frunze, Bolshevik leader during and just prior to the Russian Revolution of 1917 (b. 1885)
*1926 – Harry Houdini, American magician and stuntman (b. 1874)
*1929 – António José de Almeida, Portuguese physician and politician, 6th List of Presidents of Portugal, President of Portugal (b. 1866)
*1931 – Octave Uzanne, French journalist and author (b. 1851)
*1939 – Otto Rank, Austrian psychologist, author, and educator (b. 1884)
*1944 – Joseph Hubert Priestley, British botanist (b. 1883)
*1952 – Chit Hlaing, Burmese lawyer and politician (b. 1879)
*1959 – Jean Cabannes, French physicist and academic (b. 1885)
*1960 – H. L. Davis, American author and poet (b. 1894)
*1962 – Gabrielle Renaudot Flammarion, French astronomer (b. 1877)
*
1963
Events January
* January 1 – Bogle–Chandler case: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation scientist Dr. Gilbert Bogle and Mrs. Margaret Chandler are found dead (presumed poisoned), in bushland near the Lane Cov ...
– Mesut Cemil, Turkish cellist and composer (b. 1902)
*1972 – Bill Durnan, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1916)
*
1973 – Malek Bennabi, Algerian philosopher and author (b. 1905)
*1975 – Sachin Dev Burman, Indian composer and singer (b. 1906)
*1977 – C. B. Colby, American author and illustrator (b. 1904)
*1980 – Jan Werich, Czech actor and playwright (b. 1905)
*1983 – George Halas, American football player and coach (b. 1895)
* 1983 – Lu Jiaxi (mathematician), Lu Jiaxi, Chinese self-taught mathematician (b. 1935)
* 1983 – Sharof Rashidov, Uzbek politician, Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, CPSU Politburo candidate member (b. 1917)
*
1984
Events
January
* January 1 – The Bornean Sultanate of Brunei gains full independence from the United Kingdom, having become a British protectorate in 1888.
* January 7 – Brunei becomes the sixth member of the Association of Southeast A ...
– Eduardo De Filippo, Italian actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1900)
* 1984 –
Indira Gandhi
Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi (; Given name, ''née'' Nehru; 19 November 1917 – 31 October 1984) was an Indian politician and a central figure of the Indian National Congress. She was elected as third prime minister of India in 1966 ...
, Indian politician, Prime Minister of India (b. 1917)
*1985 – Nikos Engonopoulos, Greek painter and poet (b. 1907)
* 1985 – Poul Reichhardt, Danish actor and singer (b. 1913)
*1986 – Robert S. Mulliken, American physicist and chemist,
Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
laureate (b. 1896)
*1988 – John Houseman, Romanian-born American actor, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1902)
* 1988 – Alfred Pellan, Canadian painter and academic (b. 1906)
*1991 – Joseph Papp, American stage director and producer (b. 1921)
*1992 – Gary Rippingale, English ice hockey player (b. 1974)
*1993 – Federico Fellini, Italian director and screenwriter (b. 1920)
* 1993 – River Phoenix, American actor and singer (b. 1970)
*1995 – Rosalind Cash, American actress and singer (b. 1938)
*
1996 – Marcel Carné, French director and screenwriter (b. 1906)
*
1998 – Elmer Vasko, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1935)
* 1998 – María de la Purísima Salvat Romero, Spanish nun and saint (Roman Catholic Church) (b. 1926)
*
1999 – Greg Moore (racing driver), Greg Moore, Canadian race car driver (b. 1975)
*
2000
File:2000 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Protests against Bush v. Gore after the 2000 United States presidential election; Heads of state meet for the Millennium Summit; The International Space Station in its infant form as seen from ...
– Ring Lardner, Jr., American journalist and screenwriter (b. 1915)
* 2000 – Kazuki Watanabe (musician), Kazuki Watanabe, Japanese songwriter and guitarist (b. 1981)
*2001 – Régine Cavagnoud, French skier (b. 1970)
*
2002
File:2002 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 2002 Winter Olympics are held in Salt Lake City; Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother and her daughter Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon die; East Timor gains East Timor independence, indepe ...
– Lionel Poilâne, French banker and businessman (b. 1945)
* 2002 – Michail Stasinopoulos, Greek jurist and politician, List of heads of state of Greece, President of Greece (b. 1903)
* 2002 – Raf Vallone, Italian footballer and actor (b. 1916)
*
2003
File:2003 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The crew of STS-107 perished when the Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated during reentry into Earth's atmosphere; SARS became an epidemic in China, and was a precursor to SARS-CoV-2; A des ...
– Richard Neustadt, American political scientist and historian (b. 1919)
*2005 – Hal Anger, American biophysicist and engineer (b. 1920)
* 2005 – Amrita Pritam, Indian author and poet (b. 1919)
*2006 – P. W. Botha, South African soldier and politician, State President of South Africa (b. 1916)
* 2006 – Peter Fryer, English journalist and author (b. 1927)
*2007 – Erdal İnönü, Turkish physicist and politician, Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1926)
*2008 – Studs Terkel, American historian and author (b. 1912)
*2009 – Mustafa Mahmud, Egyptian physician and author (b. 1921)
* 2009 – Tom Wheatcroft, English businessman, founded the Donington Grand Prix Exhibition (b. 1922)
* 2009 – Qian Xuesen, Chinese aerodynamicist and academic (b. 1911)
*2010 – Ted Sorensen, American lawyer, 8th White House Counsel (b. 1928)
*
2011
File:2011 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: a protester partaking in Occupy Wall Street heralds the beginning of the Occupy movement; protests against Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi, who was killed that October; a young man celebrate ...
– Flórián Albert, Hungarian footballer and manager (b. 1941)
* 2011 – Roberto Lippi, Italian race car driver (d. 1926)
*2012 – Gae Aulenti, Italian architect and designer (b. 1927)
* 2012 – John Fitch (racing driver), John Fitch, American race car driver and engineer (b. 1917)
* 2012 – John H. Reed, American soldier and politician, 67th Governor of Maine (b. 1921)
*2013 – Chris Chase, American actress and author (b. 1924)
* 2013 – Gérard de Villiers, French journalist and author (b. 1929)
* 2013 – Trevor Kletz, English chemist and author (b. 1922)
* 2013 – Johnny Kucks, American baseball player (b. 1933)
* 2013 – Andres Narvasa, Filipino lawyer and jurist, 19th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines (b. 1928)
* 2013 – Bobby Parker (guitarist), Bobby Parker, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1937)
*
2014
File:2014 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Stocking up supplies and personal protective equipment (PPE) for the Western African Ebola virus epidemic; Citizens examining the ruins after the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping; Bundles of wat ...
– David Manker Abshire, American commander and diplomat, United States Permanent Representative to NATO (b. 1926)
* 2014 – Michael Alsbury, American engineer and pilot (b. 1975)
* 2014 – Brad Halsey, American baseball player (b. 1981)
* 2014 – Hitoshi Motoshima, Japanese educator and politician (b. 1922)
*
2015
File:2015 Events Collage new.png, From top left, clockwise: Civil service in remembrance of November 2015 Paris attacks; Germanwings Flight 9525 was purposely crashed into the French Alps; the rubble of residences in Kathmandu following the Apri ...
– Gus Savage, American businessman and politician (b. 1925)
*2018 – Willie McCovey, American baseball player (b. 1938)
*
2020
2020 was heavily defined by the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to global Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, social and Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, economic disruption, mass cancellations and postponements of events, COVID- ...
– MF Doom, British-American rapper and record producer (b. 1971)
*
2020
2020 was heavily defined by the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to global Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, social and Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, economic disruption, mass cancellations and postponements of events, COVID- ...
– Sean Connery, Scottish actor (b. 1930)
Holidays and observances
*Christian feast day:
**Alphonsus Rodriguez
**Ampliatus
**Begu (nun), Begu
**Erc of Slane (in Cornwall)
**Foillan (in Namur)
**
Martin Luther
Martin Luther (; ; 10 November 1483 – 18 February 1546) was a German priest, theologian, author, hymnwriter, and professor, and Order of Saint Augustine, Augustinian friar. He is the seminal figure of the Reformation, Protestant Refo ...
(Calendar of saints (Church of England), Anglican Communion)
**Paul Shinji Sasaki and Philip Lindel Tsen (Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church), Episcopal Church)
**Saint Quentin, Quentin
**Blessed Theodore Romzha (Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church, Ruthenian Catholic Church)
**Wolfgang of Regensburg
**October 31 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
*Día de la Canción Criolla (Peru)
*Earliest day on which All Saints Day can fall, while November 6 is the latest; celebrated on Saturday between October 31 and November 6 (Finland, Sweden)
*Halloween and related celebrations:
**Allantide (Cornwall)
**Halloween (Republic of Ireland, Ireland, Canada, United Kingdom, United States and Halloween around the world, other places)
**Hop-tu-Naa (Isle of Man)
**Samhain in the Northern Hemisphere, Beltane in the Southern Hemisphere; begins on sunset of October 31 (Gaelic calendar, Gaels, Welsh people and Neopagan Wheel of the Year)
**The first day of the Day of the Dead, celebrated until November 2 (Mexico)
*Scouts' Day#Founders.27 Days, Girl Scouts Founders Day (United States)
*King Father's Birthday (Cambodia)
*Rashtriya Ekta Diwas, National Unity Day (India)
*Reformation Day (Slovenia, parts of Germany, Chile, various Protestant churches with a particular emphasis in Lutheran and Reformed tradition, Reformed ones)
*Saci day, Saci Day (Brazil)
References
External links
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{{DEFAULTSORT:October 31
Days of the year
October