The Obrimini are the most species-rich

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in part due to confli ...

of the Phasmatodea

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

of the

Heteropterygidae The Heteropterygidae is a family of stick insects belonging to the suborder Euphasmatodea. Species can be found in Australasia, East and Southeast Asia. More than 130 valid species have been described (at the end of 2020). Characteristics ...

native to

Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical south-eastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of mainlan ...

Description

The Obrimini differ from their sister tribe the

Hoplocloniini ''Hoploclonia'' is the only genus of the tribe Hoplocloniini and brings together relatively small and darkly coloured Phasmatodea species. Characteristics The representatives of this genus are very small with 35 to 40 mm in the male ...

by the structure of the secondary ovipositor at the

abdomen The abdomen (colloquially called the belly, tummy, midriff, tucky or stomach) is the part of the body between the thorax (chest) and pelvis, in humans and in other vertebrates. The abdomen is the front part of the abdominal segment of the to ...

of the females, which surrounds the actual ovipositor. It is formed in the Obrimini

dorsally Standard anatomical terms of location are used to unambiguously describe the anatomy of animals, including humans. The terms, typically derived from Latin or Greek roots, describe something in its standard anatomical position. This position prov ...

from the eleventh abdominal

tergum A ''tergum'' (Latin for "the back"; plural ''terga'', associated adjective tergal) is the dorsal ('upper') portion of an arthropod segment other than the head. The anterior edge is called the 'base' and posterior edge is called the 'apex' or 'ma ...

called supraanal plate or

epiproct This glossary of entomology describes terms used in the formal study of insect species by entomologists. A–C A synthetic chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide, toxic to vertebrates. Though ...

, while in the Hoplocloniini it originated from the tenth tergum.

Distribution area

The distribution area of the Obrimini extends from

Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, in relation to major Indonesian islands, it is located north of Java, west of Sulawesi, and ea ...

to the east and includes the

Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

, Sulawesi, most of the

Moluccas The Maluku Islands (; Indonesian: ''Kepulauan Maluku'') or the Moluccas () are an archipelago in the east of Indonesia. Tectonically they are located on the Halmahera Plate within the Molucca Sea Collision Zone. Geographically they are located ...

and

New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; id, Papua, or , historically ) is the world's second-largest island with an area of . Located in Oceania in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is separated from Australia by the wide Torr ...

. Farthest east lies with

Viti Levu Viti Levu (pronounced ) is the largest island in the Republic of Fiji. It is the site of the nation's capital, Suva, and home to a large majority of Fiji's population. Geology Fiji lies in a tectonically complex area between the Australian ...

, the main island of the Fiji group, the distribution area of ''

Pterobrimus depressus ''Pterobrimus'' is a monotypic genus of stick insects (Phasmatodea), containing the species ''Pterobrimus depressus'', wich is native to Fiji. Description The females reach a length of . The males are long. This makes the species one of th ...

''.

Taxonomy

Brunner von Wattenwyl built in 1893 for the genera already described '' Obrimus'', '' Hoploclonia'', ''

Tisamenus Tisamenus ( Ancient Greek: Τισαμενός) is the name of several people in classical history and mythology: * ''Mythology'' **Tisamenus (son of Orestes), mythological king of Argos, and son of Orestes and Hermione. ** Tisamenus (King of Thebe ...

'', ''

Pylaemenes In Greek mythology, Pylaemenes (Ancient Greek: Πυλαιμένης) may refer to two distinct characters: * Pylaemenes, king of the Eneti tribe of Paphlagonia. He claimed to be related to Priam through Phineus, as the latter's daughter Olizone ...

'', '' Dares'' and ''Datames'' (today a synonym to ''Pylaemenes'') the tribe Obrimini (abbreviated there as Obrimi.). He placed these together with the genus '' Heteropteryx'' and the South American tribe Cladomorphini (abbreviated there as Cladomorphi.) in the family Cladomorphidae (now synonymous with Cladomorphinae). In the following years, basesd on this work, mostly genera of today's

Obriminae The Obriminae are the most species-rich subfamily of the Phasmatodea family Heteropterygidae native to Southeast Asia. It is divided into two tribe. Taxonomy The tribe Obrimini was created by Brunner von Wattenwyl in 1893 for the genera '' O ...

and

Dataminae Datamini is the only tribe within the subfamily of the Dataminae from the order of the Phasmatodea. The representatives of this subfamily are on average not as large as those of the other two subfamilies belonging to the family of Heteropteryg ...

were listed in this tribe, for example by Josef Redtenbacher in 1906. Lawrence Bruner raised the Obrimini to the rank of a family in 1915. James Abram Garfield Rehn and his son

John William Holman Rehn John is a common English name and surname: * John (given name) * John (surname) John may also refer to: New Testament Works * Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John * First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John * Second ...

divided the Obriminae, which they only referred to as a subfamily, into the tribes Obrimini and Datamini in 1939. Both tribes were transferred in 1953 by

Klaus Günther Klaus is a German, Dutch and Scandinavian given name and surname. It originated as a short form of Nikolaus, a German form of the Greek given name Nicholas. Notable persons whose family name is Klaus * Billy Klaus (1928–2006), American baseb ...

to the subfamily Heteropteryginae. In 2004

Oliver Zompro Oliver Zompro is a German biologist who is credited with the discovery in 2002 of a new suborder of carnivorous African insects, Mantophasmatodea or "gladiators", which was originally considered to be a new insect order but was later relegated to ...

raised this subfamily to the rank of family and the tribes contained in the rank of subfamilies or in the rank of a separate family ( Anisacanthidae). At the same time he built three tribes in the subfamily Obriminae. In addition to the Obrimini, these were the Miroceramiini and the Eubulidini. The latter was in 2016 by

Frank H. Hennemann Frank H. Hennemann (born 1 July 1978 in Ludwigshafen) is a German entomologist and taxonomist who works in the field of biodiversity research on the systematics and biogeography of stick insects ( Phasmatodea). Biography Hennemann grew up ...

et al synonymized with the Obrimini. At the same time, the new tribe Tisamenini was established within the Obriminae. In a study based on

genetic analysis Genetic analysis is the overall process of studying and researching in fields of science that involve genetics and molecular biology. There are a number of applications that are developed from this research, and these are also considered parts of ...

, published in 2021, Sarah Bank et al synonymized the tribe Miroceramiini and the tribe Tisamenini with the Obrimini and placed next to this the Hoplocloniini as the only other tribe in the subfamily Obriminae. In addition, a species previously referred to as '' Trachyaretaon'' sp. '

Negros Negros is the fourth largest and third most populous island in the Philippines, with a total land area of . Negros is one of the many islands of the Visayas, in the central part of the country. The predominant inhabitants of the island region a ...

' was identified as a representative of an as yet undescribed genus.

Genera

References

Robertson, J. A.; Bradler, S. & Whiting, M. F. (2018).
Evolution of Oviposition Techniques in Stick and Leaf Insects (Phasmatodea)
', Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution Bank, S.; Buckley, T. R.; Büscher, T. H.; Bresseel, J.; Constant, J.; de Haan, M.; Dittmar, D.; Dräger, H.; Kahar, R. S.; Kang, A.; Kneubühler, B.; Langton-Myers, S. & Bradler, S. (2021).
Reconstructing the nonadaptive radiation of an ancient lineage of ground-dwelling stick insects (Phasmatodea: Heteropterygidae)
', Systematic Entomology, DOI: 10.1111/syen.12472 Brock, P. D.; Büscher, T. H. & Baker, E. W.
Phasmida Species File Online
Version 5.0./5.0 (accessdate 20 June 2021) Günther, K. (1953).
Über die taxonomische Gliederung und die geographische Verbreitung der Insektenordnung der Phasmatodea
', Beiträge zur Entomologie, Band 3, Nr. 5, pp. 541–563 Hennemann, F. H.; Conle, O. V.; Brock, P. D. & Seow-Choen, F. (2016). ''Revision of the Oriental subfamiliy Heteropteryginae Kirby, 1896, with a re-arrangement of the family Heteropterygidae and the descriptions of five new species of Haaniella Kirby, 1904. (Phasmatodea: Areolatae: Heteropterygidae)'', Zootaxa 4159 (1), Magnolia Press, Auckland, New Zealand, Rehn, J. A. G. & Rehn, J. W. H. (1939).
Proceedings of The Academy of Natural Sciences (Vol. 90, 1938)
', Philadelphia, pp. 389 ff. Brunner von Wattenwyl, C. (1893).
Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria
'. Genova (2) 13 (33):101, p. 98 Redtenbacher, J. (1906).
Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden. Vol. 1. Phasmidae Areolatae
'. Verlag Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 45 ff. Zompro, O. (2004). ''Revision of the genera of the Areolatae, including the status of Timema and Agathemera (Insecta, Phasmatodea)'', Goecke & Evers, Keltern-Weiler, pp. 191–240,

External links

* {{Taxonbar, from=Q21215855 Phasmatodea Phasmatodea tribes