North Raccoon River
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The Raccoon River is a U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data
The National Map
accessed May 26, 2011
tributary of the Des Moines River in central Iowa in the United States. As measured using the longest of its three forks, its length increases to . Via the Des Moines River, it is part of the
watershed Watershed is a hydrological term, which has been adopted in other fields in a more or less figurative sense. It may refer to: Hydrology * Drainage divide, the line that separates neighbouring drainage basins * Drainage basin, called a "watershe ...
of the Mississippi River. The river runs through an intensely cultivated area of croplands and livestock farming, receiving Tile drainage from slow-draining rich natural bottomland. The Des Moines metropolitan area has been obtaining its drinking water from the Raccoon River just before it empties into the Des Moines River through water utilities since the 19th century. During the Great Flood of 1993, the Raccoon River flooded the water treatment facility of Des Moines, shutting off the city's supply of drinking water.


History

The Racoon River was first documented on the 1814 map by Lewis and Clark, though the USGS references the name to a later map from 1843 named ''Hydrological Basin of the Upper Mississippi River'' based on field measurements by
Joseph N. Nicollet Joseph Nicolas Nicollet (July 24, 1786 – September 11, 1843), also known as Jean-Nicolas Nicollet, was a French geographer, astronomer, and mathematician known for mapping the Upper Mississippi River basin during the 1830s. Nicollet led three ...
during his Midwestern expeditions in the 1830s.


Course

The Raccoon River is a tributary of the Des Moines River in central Iowa in the United States. It flows for much of its length as three streams and when measured using the longest of its three forks, its length increases to . The river runs through an intensely cultivated area of croplands mostly of corn and soy and livestock farming, where slow-draining rich natural bottomlands have been tiled to drain them for agricultural cultivation.David Pitt (AP) "Des Moines struggling with nitrates in water "
accessed 21 November 2013.
*The North Raccoon River is, by far, the longest of the three, at . It rises north of
Marathon The marathon is a long-distance foot race with a distance of , usually run as a road race, but the distance can be covered on trail routes. The marathon can be completed by running or with a run/walk strategy. There are also wheelchair div ...
in northeastern
Buena Vista County Buena Vista County (; ) is a county located in the U.S. state of Iowa. As of the 2020 census, the population was 20,823. Its county seat is Storm Lake. The county is named for the final victory of Field General Zachary Taylor in the Mexi ...
and initially flows southwardly into Sac County, where it turns southeastward for the remainder of its course through Calhoun, Carroll, Greene and Dallas counties. It passes the towns of Sac City, Jefferson, Perry and Adel. The Adel Island dam in Adel is the only dam along its course.http://www.iowadnr.gov/portals/idnr/uploads/riverprograms/map_raccoon%20north%20south%20and%20middle.pdf?amp;tabid=868 ''Expedition and Fishing Guide'' IA Department of Natural Resources (DNR) website retrieved April 28, 2013 *The Middle Raccoon River, long, rises in northwestern Carroll County and flows generally southeastwardly through Guthrie and Dallas counties, past Carroll, Coon Rapids,
Springbrook State Park Springbrook State Park is a state park of Iowa, USA, located approximately west of the city of Yale. The park contains a spring-fed lake and timber-covered rolling hills along the Middle Raccoon River. Background Originally known as King's Pa ...
, Panora, Linden, and Redfield. The three dams located along its course are the
Lake Panorama Lake Panorama is a census-designated place located in Cass Township and Victory Township in Guthrie County, Iowa, United States. In the 2010 census the population was 1,309 and, in the 2020 census, the population was 1266.Audubon County and flows generally southeastwardly through Guthrie and Dallas counties, past the town of Guthrie Center. South of Redfield, after the Middle Raccoon River flows into the South Raccoon River, a flow gauge operated jointly by the United States Army Corps of Engineers (Rock Island District), the United States Geological Survey (Iowa District), and the Iowa Department of Transportation provides data about potential flooding threats.http://www2.mvr.usace.army.mil/WaterControl/stationinfo2.cfm?sid=REDI4&fid=REDI4&dt=S ''South Raccoon River gage at Redfield'' Rivergages website retrieved February 19, 2010 The north and south forks join in Dallas County just west of Van Meter, and the Raccoon River flows generally eastward into Polk County, past
Walnut Woods State Park Walnut Woods State Park is a state park in Polk County, Iowa, Polk County, Iowa, United States, located in suburban West Des Moines, Iowa, West Des Moines. Within the Des Moines metropolitan area, the park preserves a bottomland hardwood forest ...
and West Des Moines. It joins the Des Moines River just south of downtown
Des Moines Des Moines () is the capital and the most populous city in the U.S. state of Iowa. It is also the county seat of Polk County. A small part of the city extends into Warren County. It was incorporated on September 22, 1851, as Fort Des Moines, ...
and is part of the
watershed Watershed is a hydrological term, which has been adopted in other fields in a more or less figurative sense. It may refer to: Hydrology * Drainage divide, the line that separates neighbouring drainage basins * Drainage basin, called a "watershe ...
of the Mississippi River.


Drinking water use

Both the Raccoon and Des Moines rivers have been providing drinking water for the Des Moines metropolitan area through water utilities since the 19th century. During the Great Flood of 1993, the Raccoon River flooded the water treatment facility of Des Moines, shutting off the city's drinking water supply.


Agricultural pollution

Spring thaws, as in the spring of 2013, and rainy spells after drought wash
nitrate Nitrate is a polyatomic ion A polyatomic ion, also known as a molecular ion, is a covalent bonded set of two or more atoms, or of a metal complex, that can be considered to behave as a single unit and that has a net charge that is not zer ...
from fertilizer into the river. On November 20, 2014 nitrates spiked at 13.7 parts per million (ppm), making the water unsafe for pregnant women and infants. (The US
Environmental Protection Agency A biophysical environment is a biotic and abiotic surrounding of an organism or population, and consequently includes the factors that have an influence in their survival, development, and evolution. A biophysical environment can vary in scale f ...
requires officials to inform the public about safety risks at 10 ppm.) At the time, these were the highest readings in the nation.


See also

* List of Iowa rivers


References


Sources


Columbia Gazetteer of North America entry
*
DeLorme DeLorme is the producer of personal satellite tracking, messaging, and navigation technology. The company’s main product, ''inReach'', integrates GPS and satellite technologies. ''inReach'' provides the ability to send and receive text messages ...
(1998). ''Iowa Atlas & Gazetteer''. Yarmouth, Maine: DeLorme. . *GNIS entries for , , ,


External links


Map of Raccoon River basin
- Iowa Department of Natural Resources (DNR) website
South Raccoon River gage near Redfield
- US Army Corps of Engineers website
North Raccoon River at Perry
- National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) website
Middle Raccoon River at Panora
- NOAA website
South Raccoon River at Redfield
- NOAA website
Raccoon River at Van Meter
- NOAA website
Raccoon River at Des Moines Fleur Drive
- NOAA website {{authority control Rivers of Iowa Tributaries of the Des Moines River Geography of Des Moines, Iowa Rivers of Sac County, Iowa Rivers of Calhoun County, Iowa Rivers of Carroll County, Iowa Rivers of Greene County, Iowa Rivers of Dallas County, Iowa Rivers of Polk County, Iowa Rivers of Audubon County, Iowa Rivers of Guthrie County, Iowa