Neodymium compounds are compounds formed by the

lanthanide The lanthanide () or lanthanoid () series of chemical elements comprises the 15 metallic chemical elements with atomic numbers 57–71, from lanthanum through lutetium. These elements, along with the chemically similar elements scandium and yttr ...

metal

neodymium Neodymium is a chemical element with the symbol Nd and atomic number 60. It is the fourth member of the lanthanide series and is considered to be one of the rare-earth metals. It is a hard, slightly malleable, silvery metal that quickly tarnishes i ...

(Nd). In these compounds, neodymium generally exhibits the +3 oxidation state, such as NdCl₃, Nd₂(SO₄)₃ and Nd(CH₃COO)₃. Compounds with neodymium in the +2 oxidation state are also known, such as NdCl₂ and NdI₂. Some neodymium compounds have colors that vary based upon the type of lighting.Burke M.W. (1996) Lighting II: Sources. In: Image Acquisition. Springer, Dordrecht. File:Neodymium tl1.jpg, Neodymium compounds in

fluorescent tube A fluorescent lamp, or fluorescent tube, is a low-pressure mercury-vapor gas-discharge lamp that uses fluorescence to produce visible light. An electric current in the gas excites mercury vapor, which produces short-wave ultraviolet ligh ...

light—from left to right, the sulfate, nitrate, and chloride File:Neodymium fluorescent1.jpg, Neodymium compounds in

compact fluorescent lamp A compact fluorescent lamp (CFL), also called compact fluorescent light, energy-saving light and compact fluorescent tube, is a fluorescent lamp designed to replace an incandescent light bulb; some types fit into light fixtures designed for inca ...

light File:Neodymium daylight1.jpg, Neodymium compounds in normal daylight

Halides

Neodymium can form four tri

halides In chemistry, a halide (rarely halogenide) is a binary chemical compound, of which one part is a halogen atom and the other part is an element or radical that is less electronegative (or more electropositive) than the halogen, to make a fluor ...

of the form NdX₃. It reacts vigorously with all the stable

halogen The halogens () are a group in the periodic table consisting of five or six chemically related elements: fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), astatine (At), and tennessine (Ts). In the modern IUPAC nomenclature, this group is ...

s: : violet substance: mauve substance: violet substance: green substance The dihalides NdCl₂ and NdBr₂ are dark green solids,

Georg Brauer Georg Karl Brauer (born 11. April 1908 in Bochum, died 26. February 2001 in Freiburg im Breisgau) was a German chemist. Life Brauer was the son of the chemist Eberhard Brauer and Elisabeth Brauer, a daughter of Wilhelm Ostwald. From 1926 to 1932 ...

(Hrsg.), unter Mitarbeit von

Marianne Baudler Marianne Baudler (27 April 1921 – 5 March 2003) was a German chemist. She is known for her research on phosphorus. Life Marianne Baudler was born in Stettin. She started studying Chemistry at the TH Dresden in April 1940 and finished her studi ...

u. a.: ''Handbuch der Präparativen Anorganischen Chemie.'' 3., umgearbeitete Auflage. Band I, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1975, , S. 1081. with the same crystal structure as PbCl₂ and NdI₂ is a dark purple solid. They can be obtained in the Nd-NdX₃

eutectic system A eutectic system or eutectic mixture ( ) is a homogeneous mixture that has a melting point lower than those of the constituents. The lowest possible melting point over all of the mixing ratios of the constituents is called the ''eutectic tempe ...

Oxygenated salts

Neodymium(III) sulfate can be directly obtained by dissolving

neodymium(III) oxide Neodymium(III) oxide or neodymium sesquioxide is the chemical compound composed of neodymium and oxygen with the formula Nd2O3. It forms very light grayish-blue hexagonal crystals. The rare-earth mixture didymium, previously believed to be an el ...

sulfuric acid Sulfuric acid (American spelling and the preferred IUPAC name) or sulphuric acid ( Commonwealth spelling), known in antiquity as oil of vitriol, is a mineral acid composed of the elements sulfur, oxygen and hydrogen, with the molecular formu ...

.《无机化合物制备手册》.朱文祥主编. 化学工业出版社. P₇₀₁. 【XVI-97】八水硫酸钕（neodymium sulfate octahydrate） It is soluble in water, and its anhydrous form has a solubility of 8 g at 20˚C. Neodymium(III) nitrate can be obtained by dissolving neodymium(III) oxide in

nitric acid Nitric acid is the inorganic compound with the formula . It is a highly corrosive mineral acid. The compound is colorless, but older samples tend to be yellow cast due to decomposition into oxides of nitrogen. Most commercially available nitri ...

.《无机化学丛书》.第七卷钪稀土元素. P₂₃₃. 11.硝酸盐及其复盐 Evaporating the resulting solution yields hydrated neodymium(III) nitrate, where the hexahydrate form is the most common. Heating the hexahydrate further will obtain the anhydrous form. Reacting

neodymium(III) chloride Neodymium(III) chloride or neodymium trichloride is a chemical compound of neodymium and chlorine with the formula NdCl3. This anhydrous compound is a mauve-colored solid that rapidly absorbs water on exposure to air to form a purple-colored he ...

with sodium arsenate in solution would obtain neodymium(III) arsenate, which is a faint pink powder that is insoluble in water. It has good thermal stability, and its p''K''_sp,c is 21.86±0.11. Neodymium(III) oxalate is a rose-coloured crystal which decomposes from its decahydrate to its anhydrous form when heated, and when heated further, decomposes to Nd₂O₂C₂O₄, and then finally obtaining neodymium(III) oxide. Neodymium(III) carbonate is the carbonate of neodymium where neodymium exhibits the +3 oxidation state. It can be obtained by reacting neodymium(III) chloride with

ammonium bicarbonate Ammonium bicarbonate is an inorganic compound with formula (NH4)HCO3. The compound has many names, reflecting its long history. Chemically speaking, it is the bicarbonate salt of the ammonium ion. It is a colourless solid that degrades readily to ...

in water or from the

hydrolysis Hydrolysis (; ) is any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds. The term is used broadly for substitution reaction, substitution, elimination reaction, elimination, and solvation reactions in which water ...

of neodymium(III) chloroacetate:《无机化学丛书》. 第七卷钪稀土元素. 易宪武黄春晖等编.科学出版社. tr. 174, 碳酸盐. :2Nd(C₂Cl₃O₂)₃ + 3H₂O → Nd₂(CO₃)₃ + 6CHCl₃ + 3CO₂

Neodymium(III) acetate is a purple solid that is soluble in water. The solubility of the compound increases when sodium acetate is added, forming a blue complex. It can be obtained by the reaction of

and

sodium acetate Sodium acetate, CH3COONa, also abbreviated Na O Ac, is the sodium salt of acetic acid. This colorless deliquescent salt has a wide range of uses. Applications Biotechnological Sodium acetate is used as the carbon source for culturing bacteria ...

:Mehrotra, R. C.; Misra, T. N.; Misra, S. N. Organic compounds of lanthanide elements: preparation of carboxylic acid salts of praseodymium and neodymium. ''Journal of the Indian Chemical Society'', 1966. 1: 61-62. :NdCl₃ + 3Na(CH₃COO) → Nd(CH₃COO)₃ + 3NaCl

Organoneodymium compounds

Organoneodymium compounds are compounds that have a neodymium–carbon bond. These compounds are similar to those of the other lanthanides, characterized by an inability to undergo

π backbonding In chemistry, π backbonding, also called π backdonation, is when electrons move from an atomic orbital on one atom to an appropriate symmetry antibonding orbital on a ''π-acceptor ligand''. It is especially common in the organometallic che ...

. They are thus mostly restricted to the mostly ionic

cyclopentadienide In chemistry, the cyclopentadienyl anion or cyclopentadienide is an aromatic species with a formula of and abbreviated as Cp−. It is formed from the deprotonation of the molecule cyclopentadiene. Properties The cyclopentadienyl anion i ...

s (isostructural with those of lanthanum) and the σ-bonded simple alkyls and aryls, some of which may be polymeric.Greenwood and Earnshaw, pp. 1248–9

Applications

Neodymium(III) chloride Neodymium(III) chloride or neodymium trichloride is a chemical compound of neodymium and chlorine with the formula NdCl3. This anhydrous compound is a mauve-colored solid that rapidly absorbs water on exposure to air to form a purple-colored he ...

does not have strong

luminescence Luminescence is spontaneous emission of light by a substance not resulting from heat; or "cold light". It is thus a form of cold-body radiation. It can be caused by chemical reactions, electrical energy, subatomic motions or stress on a cryst ...

, though it serves as a source of Nd³⁺ ions for various light emitting materials. The latter include

Nd-YAG laser Nd:YAG (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet; Nd:Y3Al5O12) is a crystal that is used as a lasing medium for solid-state lasers. The dopant, triply ionized neodymium, Nd(III), typically replaces a small fraction (1%) of the yttrium ions in the ...

s and Nd-doped optical fiber amplifiers, which amplify light emitted by other lasers. The Nd-YAG laser emits

infrared Infrared (IR), sometimes called infrared light, is electromagnetic radiation (EMR) with wavelengths longer than those of visible light. It is therefore invisible to the human eye. IR is generally understood to encompass wavelengths from around ...

light at 1.064 micrometres and is the most popular

solid-state laser A solid-state laser is a laser that uses a gain medium that is a solid, rather than a liquid as in dye lasers or a gas as in gas lasers. Semiconductor-based lasers are also in the solid state, but are generally considered as a separate class from ...

(i.e. laser based on a solid medium). Neodymium glass (Nd:glass) is produced by the inclusion of

(Nd₂O₃) in the glass melt. Usually in daylight or

incandescent Incandescence is the emission of electromagnetic radiation (including visible light) from a hot body as a result of its high temperature. The term derives from the Latin verb ''incandescere,'' to glow white. A common use of incandescence is ...

light neodymium glass appears lavender, but it appears pale blue under

fluorescent Fluorescence is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation. It is a form of luminescence. In most cases, the emitted light has a longer wavelength, and therefore a lower photon energy, tha ...

lighting. Neodymium may be used to color glass in delicate shades ranging from pure violet through wine-red and warm gray.Kondrukevich, A.A., Vlasov, A.S., Platov, Y.T. ''et al.'' Color of porcelain containing neodymium oxide. ''Glass Ceram'' 65, 203–207 (2008). Neodymium(III) acetate can be used as a substitute for uranyl acetate, which is used in

electron microscopy An electron microscope is a microscope that uses a beam of accelerated electrons as a source of illumination. As the wavelength of an electron can be up to 100,000 times shorter than that of visible light photons, electron microscopes have a hi ...

."Negative Staining"
University of Oxford

References

{{Chemical compounds by element Neodymium compounds Chemical compounds by element