Shackleford is a village and
civil parish
In England, a civil parish is a type of administrative parish used for local government. It is a territorial designation which is the lowest tier of local government below districts and counties, or their combined form, the unitary authorit ...
in the
Borough of Guildford
The Borough of Guildford is a local government district with borough status in Surrey, England. With around half of the borough's population, Guildford is its largest settlement and only town, and is the location of the council.
The distr ...
,
Surrey, England centred to the west of the
A3 between
Guildford and
Petersfield
Petersfield is a market town and civil parish in the East Hampshire district of Hampshire, England. It is north of Portsmouth. The town has its own railway station on the Portsmouth Direct line, the mainline rail link connecting Portsmouth a ...
southwest of
London
London is the capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary dow ...
and southwest of
Guildford. Shackleford includes the localities of Eashing, Hurtmore, Norney and Gatwick.
History
The village does not appear in the
Domesday Book
Domesday Book () – the Middle English spelling of "Doomsday Book" – is a manuscript record of the "Great Survey" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William I, known as William the Conqueror. The manus ...
of 1086; however, Hurtmore
manor in the east of the parish and Rodsall manor, just to the west of the parish, a far-south part of Puttenham, do appear. The name first appears in 1220, as ''Sakelesford'', and appears in a variety of mostly quite minor variants thereafter. The second element, ''-ford'', is self-explanatory, but the etymology of the "Shackle-" element is uncertain. One possibility is that it is from Old English ''sceacol'' 'a shackle', perhaps with reference to a chain used to aid in crossing the river. Alternatively, there may have been an unattested Old English adjective ''*sceacol'' 'shaky, loose' from the stem of the Old English verb ''sceacan'' 'to shake', perhaps with reference to the bed of the river. It has also been suggested that the element might derive from an unattested Old English noun akin to Old High German ''scahho'' 'strip or tongue of land' or to Old Norse ''skekill'' as in ''útskekill'' 'the outskirts of a field', but there is nothing in the local topography pointing to such meanings. Whatever the etymology, in 1349 a John de Shackleford was one of three persons enfeoffed of a nearby manor; his surname, which at that relatively late date was most likely hereditary, doubtless referred to the Surrey village.
Hall Place (see landmarks) was a large house of Richard Wyatt, who built the Mead Row Almshouses in 1619, before Hall Place was rebuilt in the 19th century. For a time the estate office was used as an inn, known as the Cyder House.
Hall Place was acquired by Mr. William Edgar Horne, who turned it into a modern mansion. With gardens designed by Gertrude Jekyll, and in the 1940s it was sold and converted into what became Aldro School. Its panelling and overmantel of the dining-room came from the
Cock Tavern in Fleet Street, London; its gallery railings in the hall came from the Old Banqueting Hall at
Whitehall Palace
The Palace of Whitehall (also spelt White Hall) at Westminster was the main residence of the English monarchs from 1530 until 1698, when most of its structures, except notably Inigo Jones's Banqueting House of 1622, were destroyed by fire. H ...
.
[ Meanwhile, Hurtmore Manor was held by Sir Edward More of Odiham who before his death in 1623 left this to his daughter and her husband Sir William Staunton, recusant convict, and stating he should have the house free of rent for life – the manor was sold by later relatives to executors of Simon Bennett of Calverton, one of the daughters of whom married James Cecil, 4th Earl of Salisbury (when still styled by the courtesy title Viscount Cranborne) and his son ]James Cecil, 5th Earl of Salisbury
James Cecil, 5th Earl of Salisbury (8 June 1691 – 9 October 1728), known as Viscount Cranborne from 1691 to 1694, was a British nobleman, politician, and peer. Salisbury was the son of James Cecil, 4th Earl of Salisbury, and Frances Bennett, ...
inherited the share of the two Bennett daughters; his grandson James Cecil, 1st Marquess of Salisbury
James Cecil, 1st Marquess of Salisbury, (4 September 1748 – 13 June 1823), styled Viscount Cranborne until 1780 and known as The Earl of Salisbury between 1780 and 1789, was a British nobleman and politician.
Background
Salisbury was the so ...
sold the estate with much later belonging to the Richardson, Keen and Frankland families.[
Many of the houses that still stand today were built in the 18th century, although there was a further expansion of the village when the railway line was constructed between ]London
London is the capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary dow ...
and Portsmouth
Portsmouth ( ) is a port and city in the ceremonial county of Hampshire in southern England. The city of Portsmouth has been a unitary authority since 1 April 1997 and is administered by Portsmouth City Council.
Portsmouth is the most dens ...
during the mid 19th century, passing through nearby Godalming and Farncombe
Farncombe, historically Fernecome, is a village and peripheral settlement of Godalming in Waverley, Surrey, England and is approximately 0.8 miles (1.3 km) north-east of the Godalming centre, separated by common land known as the ''Lammas L ...
. At the centre of the village are sixteen listed building
In the United Kingdom, a listed building or listed structure is one that has been placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England, Historic Environment Scotland in Scotland, in Wales, and the Northern Irel ...
s and one listed set of walls - Aldro School garden walls.[ St. Mary's Church was built in 1865, designed by Sir George Gilbert Scott. It stands in the outskirts of the Shackleford village centre at a nearby crossroads in the woodland locality of Norney.][
]
Geography
Most of the parish consists of relative uplands to the Wey Valley; elevations vary between 102 m AOD in the north and west to 45m AOD at a weir marking the boundary with Godalming town council.[Grid reference Finder measurement tools]
/ref>
Shackleford is centred southwest of London and southwest of Guildford.[
]
Soil
Shackleford's soil is of two types. An arc of wet heath
A heath () is a shrubland habitat found mainly on free-draining infertile, acidic soils and characterised by open, low-growing woody vegetation. Moorland is generally related to high-ground heaths with—especially in Great Britain—a cooler a ...
soil is to the south-east, south, south-west, west and north-west of the village centre, covering all of Norney and Gatwick. This is the same type of heath as in Esher
Esher ( ) is a town in Surrey, England, to the east of the River Mole.
Esher is an outlying suburb of London near the London-Surrey Border, and with Esher Commons at its southern end, the town marks one limit of the Greater London Built-Up ...
, Oxshott
Oxshott is a suburban village in the borough of Elmbridge in Surrey, England. Oxshott includes hilly acidic heath which is partly wooded (see Esher Commons and Prince's Coverts) and occupies the land between the large towns of Esher and Leatherhead ...
, Weybridge
Weybridge () is a town in the Borough of Elmbridge in Surrey, England, around southwest of central London. The settlement is recorded as ''Waigebrugge'' and ''Weibrugge'' in the 7th century and the name derives from a crossing point of the ...
, Wisley
__NOTOC__
Wisley is a village and civil parish in Surrey, England between Cobham and Woking, in the Borough of Guildford. It is the home of the Royal Horticultural Society's Wisley Garden. The River Wey runs through the village and Ockham and ...
, all around Woking, Brookwood, Deepcut
Deepcut is a village in the Borough of Surrey Heath in Surrey, England, approximately southwest of central London. The nearest towns are Camberley, Surrey ( to the north) and Farnborough, Hampshire (3 mi to the west). Deepcut is named af ...
, Pirbright
Pirbright ( ) is a village in Surrey, England. Pirbright is in the borough of Guildford and has a civil parish council covering the traditional boundaries of the area. Pirbright contains one buffered sub-locality, Stanford Common near the nati ...
, Frimley
Frimley is a town in the Borough of Surrey Heath in Surrey, England, approximately southwest of central London. The town is of Saxon origin, although it is not listed in Domesday Book of 1086.
Train services to Frimley (on the line between ...
, Lightwater
Lightwater is a village in the Surrey Heath district of Surrey, England, about southwest of central London. Immediately surrounding towns and villages include Bagshot, Deepcut, Windlesham, Camberley, and West End, Woking. It is bounded to ...
, Camberley, Chobham Common
Chobham Common is a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest north of Chobham in Surrey. It is a Nature Conservation Review site, Grade I and a national nature reserve. It is part of the Thames Basin Heaths Special Protection Area and ...
, Virginia Water
Virginia Water is a commuter village in the Borough of Runnymede in northern Surrey, England. It is home to the Wentworth Estate and the Wentworth Club. The area has much woodland and occupies a large minority of the Runnymede district. Its n ...
and Ottershaw
Ottershaw is a village in the Borough of Runnymede in Surrey, England, approximately southwest of central London. The village developed in the mid-19th century from a number of separate hamlets and became a parish in its own right in 1871.
The ...
is "naturally wet, very acid sandy and loamy soil" which is just 1.9% of English soil and 0.2% of Welsh soil, which gives rise to pines and coniferous landscapes, such as pioneered at Wentworth Wentworth may refer to:
People
* Wentworth (surname)
* Judith Blunt-Lytton, 16th Baroness Wentworth (1873–1957), Lady Wentworth, notable Arabian horse breeder
* S. Wentworth Horton (1885–1960), New York state senator
* Wentworth Miller (born 1 ...
and Foxhills estate (now spa, hotel, restaurant and golf club) by pro-American Independence statesman Charles James Fox
Charles James Fox (24 January 1749 – 13 September 1806), styled ''The Honourable'' from 1762, was a prominent British Whig statesman whose parliamentary career spanned 38 years of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. He was the arch-riv ...
.[Cranfield University National Soil Resources Institute]
/ref> Consequently, Malden summarised Shackleford's visual landscape in 1911 "The hamlet of Shackleford contains some old cottages and farm buildings and many new houses in very beautiful scenery."[ Samuel Lewis writing in his magnum opus of 1848 "A Topographical Dictionary of England" described the country here in that "Eashing House is situated on a commanding brow overlooking the beautiful valley of Eashing." The remainder of the soil is in common with Godalming, "free draining slightly acid loamy" and is the dominant type in the centre of Shackleford, as well as throughout Eashing and Hurtmore.][
]
Localities
File:Gatwick, Shackleford - geograph.org.uk - 145807.jpg, Gatwick, Shackleford
Image:gatwickvillagewaverley.jpg, Part of Gatwick hamlet
File:Eashingbridge-4At8-0647.jpg, On the Wey. Eashing mediaeval double bridge built by monks from Waverley Abbey
Waverley Abbey was the first Cistercian abbey in England, founded in 1128 by William Giffard, the Bishop of Winchester.
Located about southeast of Farnham, Surrey, it is situated on a flood-plain; surrounded by current and previous channe ...
File:House in the valley, Hurtmore, Shackleford - geograph.org.uk - 145995.jpg, Part of Hurtmore
File:Eashingbridge-4At8-0650.jpg, Eashing Bridge, in the care of the National Trust
Eashing
Eashing is a hamlet south-east of Shackleford on the River Wey
The River Wey is a main tributary of the River Thames in south east England. Its two branches, one of which rises near Alton in Hampshire and the other in West Sussex to the south of Haslemere, join at Tilford in Surrey. Once combined the ...
, west of Godalming, and was part of the Hundred of Godalming; in the Anglo-Saxon era it was a significant place and is one of the burh
A burh () or burg was an Old English fortification or fortified settlement. In the 9th century, raids and invasions by Vikings prompted Alfred the Great to develop a network of burhs and roads to use against such attackers. Some were new constr ...
s listed in the Burghal Hidage of Alfred the Great.
Eashing is now administered by Guildford Borough Council
Guildford ()
is a town in west Surrey, around southwest of central London. As of the 2011 census, the town has a population of about 77,000 and is the seat of the wider Borough of Guildford, which had around inhabitants in . The name "Guildfo ...
and is divided into Upper Eashing on top of the steep south-east bank and Lower Eashing set low, immediately below the A3 road embankment on the north-west bank. Lower Eashing has an ancient bridge over the River Wey
The River Wey is a main tributary of the River Thames in south east England. Its two branches, one of which rises near Alton in Hampshire and the other in West Sussex to the south of Haslemere, join at Tilford in Surrey. Once combined the ...
which was constructed in the 14th century by monks from Waverley Abbey
Waverley Abbey was the first Cistercian abbey in England, founded in 1128 by William Giffard, the Bishop of Winchester.
Located about southeast of Farnham, Surrey, it is situated on a flood-plain; surrounded by current and previous channe ...
. Twenty buildings strewn across both parts are now listed building
In the United Kingdom, a listed building or listed structure is one that has been placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England, Historic Environment Scotland in Scotland, in Wales, and the Northern Irel ...
s.[ Eashing also has two large-unit business parks, The Granary and The Wharf, which are on a large island accessed by a bridge behind the Stag ]public house
A pub (short for public house) is a kind of drinking establishment which is licensed to serve alcoholic drinks for consumption on the premises. The term ''public house'' first appeared in the United Kingdom in late 17th century, and wa ...
and the Mill.[Map]
created by Ordnance Survey
Ordnance Survey (OS) is the national mapping agency for Great Britain. The agency's name indicates its original military purpose (see ordnance and surveying), which was to map Scotland in the wake of the Jacobite rising of 1745. There was a ...
, courtesy of English Heritage
English Heritage (officially the English Heritage Trust) is a charity that manages over 400 historic monuments, buildings and places. These include prehistoric sites, medieval castles, Roman forts and country houses.
The charity states that i ...
Noel Fitzpatrick
Noel Fitzpatrick is an Irish veterinary surgeon
Veterinary surgery is surgery performed on animals by veterinarians, whereby the procedures fall into three broad categories: orthopaedics (bones, joints, muscles), soft tissue surgery (skin, ...
's veterinary practice is located at Eashing, and has been seen in television programmes including ''The Bionic Vet''.
Hurtmore
Hurtmore is a settlement and locality roughly east of Shackleford, adjoining hilly developed parts of the outskirts of Godalming such as Charterhouse Hill and Prior's Field (which is part of the village of Compton). On Charterhouse Hill, which comes under Godalming, is a well known public school (independent). Charterhouse School. The name is derived from the word ''hurt'' ('hart
Hart often refers to:
* Hart (deer)
Hart may also refer to:
Organizations
* Hart Racing Engines, a former Formula One engine manufacturer
* Hart Skis, US ski manufacturer
* Hart Stores, a Canadian chain of department stores
* Hart's Reptile Wo ...
'/deer) and ''mere'' ('pond'), which still exists in a rather poor state at Hurtmore Bottom.
A hot air balloon provider, ''Reach 4 The Sky'', operates flights from the land behind the pub cottages, historically used as a chalk quarry. An 18-hole golf course with clubhouse is just off the next to the public house
A pub (short for public house) is a kind of drinking establishment which is licensed to serve alcoholic drinks for consumption on the premises. The term ''public house'' first appeared in the United Kingdom in late 17th century, and wa ...
, ''The Squirrel'', which is beside the A3 and has a focus on serving food while providing a few guest rooms. It closed for a period from 28 November 2008 to 17 July 2009 and was refurbished before reopening under new management.
Norney
Six listed buildings are spread about among the no more than 30 private residences, most with private woods.[ These are: The Lodge, The Church of St Mary,] Norney Grange, The Lodge to Norney Grange, Norney Farmhouse and Norney Old House which is a Tudor period
The Tudor period occurred between 1485 and 1603 in England and Wales and includes the Elizabethan period during the reign of Elizabeth I until 1603. The Tudor period coincides with the dynasty of the House of Tudor in England that began wit ...
cottage with extensions. One of these, Norney Grange is Grade II* listed, (described in Landmarks, below).
Gatwick
Nestled among fir and beech plantations is a small neighbourhood consisting of 15 houses named Gatwick (not to be confused with the former hamlet in Reigate and Banstead
Reigate and Banstead is a local government district with borough status in east Surrey, England. It includes the towns of Reigate, Redhill, Horley and Banstead. The borough borders the Borough of Crawley (in West Sussex) to the south, the Boro ...
, or the airport of the same name), parts of which overlook part of the expanse of placid, acid heath
A heath () is a shrubland habitat found mainly on free-draining infertile, acidic soils and characterised by open, low-growing woody vegetation. Moorland is generally related to high-ground heaths with—especially in Great Britain—a cooler a ...
to the northwest, the Surrey Wildlife Trust managed Puttenham & Crooksbury Commons.
Its coordinates are (SU 916 450).
Landmarks
Norney Grange
Norney Grange, designed by Charles Voysey, is the highest architecturally graded listed building
In the United Kingdom, a listed building or listed structure is one that has been placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England, Historic Environment Scotland in Scotland, in Wales, and the Northern Irel ...
in the ''Norney'' part of the parish, a rectangular late 1897-1903 built, roughcast stone home with yellow limestone
Limestone ( calcium carbonate ) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of . Limestone forms whe ...
dressings. Its interior is just as remarkable as its exterior, with among many carved features, a green marble chimney breast in end room to left and a half-dome ceiling with gallery landing to the rear. The house has featured prominently in film and on television, such as in the 2021 film '' The Dig,'' standing in as Edith Pretty
Edith May Pretty (née Dempster; 1 August 1883 – 17 December 1942) was an English landowner on whose land the Sutton Hoo ship burial was discovered after she hired Basil Brown, a local excavator and amateur archeologist, to find out if anyth ...
's house at Sutton Hoo, Suffolk.
Hall Place/ Aldro School
William de Shackleford probably owned Hall Place - a substantial manor house which existed here in the 15th century. Its estate covered many acres, including much of today's village.
Hall Place was demolished in 1797 and a new mansion was built on the site in the late 19th century. During the Second World War
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposi ...
this building and much of its grounds were bought by Aldro School, which relocated there from Eastbourne
Eastbourne () is a town and seaside resort in East Sussex, on the south coast of England, east of Brighton and south of London. Eastbourne is immediately east of Beachy Head, the highest chalk sea cliff in Great Britain and part of the la ...
.
Mitchen Hall
To the south-west is a late 17th-century two-storey galleted coursed sandstone
Sandstone is a clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized (0.0625 to 2 mm) silicate grains. Sandstones comprise about 20–25% of all sedimentary rocks.
Most sandstone is composed of quartz or feldspar (both silicates ...
home with red brick dressings facing its round front drive, which is listed.
Anglo-Saxon fortified village and bridge
During the reign of King Alfred the Great an Anglo-Saxon ''burgh'' was constructed at Upper Eashing as a defensive point to resist Viking
Vikings ; non, víkingr is the modern name given to seafaring people originally from Scandinavia (present-day Denmark, Norway and Sweden),
who from the late 8th to the late 11th centuries raided, pirated, traded and se ...
attacks. Both this and the 13th-century Eashing Bridge (in two parts) are Scheduled Ancient Monuments[Eashing Bridges Grade I listing ]
The bridge is officially listed as "probably built by the monks of Waverley Abbey"; it is made of local rubble stone with thin slabs of Bargate stone
__NOTOC__
Bargate stone is a highly durable form of sandstone. It owes its yellow, butter or honey colouring to a high iron content. In some contexts it may be considered to be a form of ironstone. However, in the context of stone buildings loca ...
set in mortar to form voussoir
A voussoir () is a wedge-shaped element, typically a stone, which is used in building an arch or vault.
Although each unit in an arch or vault is a voussoir, two units are of distinct functional importance: the keystone and the springer. The ...
s over the arches. Its top is of 18th-century bricks with no parapet
A parapet is a barrier that is an extension of the wall at the edge of a roof, terrace, balcony, walkway or other structure. The word comes ultimately from the Italian ''parapetto'' (''parare'' 'to cover/defend' and ''petto'' 'chest/breast'). ...
but instead for safety, twentieth-century wooden posts and railings. The east span consists of three arches and the west four. Pointed cutwater
In architecture, a starling (or sterling) is a defensive bulwark, usually built with pilings or bricks, surrounding the supports (or piers) of a bridge or similar construction. Starlings may be shaped to ease the flow of the water around the brid ...
s to upstream side and rounded cutwaters, "very rare", to downstream side.[
]
Demography and housing
The average level of accommodation in the region composed of detached houses was 28%, the average that was apartments was 22.6%.
The proportion of households (a sizeable minority of which share buildings) in the civil parish who owned their home outright compares to the regional average of 35.1%. The proportion who owned their home with a loan compares to the regional average of 32.5%. The remaining % is made up of rented dwellings (plus a negligible % of households living rent-free).
The population has increased from 740 in the 2001 census.
Transport
Public transport
A bus services operates in Hurtmore through the village taking people into the nearby town of Godalming.
The main line between London Waterloo
Waterloo station (), also known as London Waterloo, is a central London terminus on the National Rail network in the United Kingdom, in the Waterloo area of the London Borough of Lambeth. It is connected to a London Underground station of ...
and Portsmouth
Portsmouth ( ) is a port and city in the ceremonial county of Hampshire in southern England. The city of Portsmouth has been a unitary authority since 1 April 1997 and is administered by Portsmouth City Council.
Portsmouth is the most dens ...
Harbour is accessible to the east at Farncombe, Godalming railway station and Godalming railway station
Godalming railway station is a stop on the Portsmouth Direct Line, down the line from . The station, opened in 1859 to replace one on a different site, is situated at the edge of the town of Godalming, Surrey. The main station building is a Gra ...
is a similar distance (of about from nearer parts of Shackleford) in an ESE direction and has more trains per hour.The Association of Train Operating Companies official timetable, London to Portsmouth
/ref>
Roads
An A3 intersection to local roads is directly between Norney and Hurtmore, which is one of three which can be used to access the town of Godalming.[ Eashing can be accessed by bridleway and footpath under the A3 or from the A3 itself, not by local roads to the northwest.
]
Notable residents
*Ashley Cole
Ashley Cole (born 20 December 1980) is an English football coach and former player who is currently a first-team coach at Premier League club Everton. As a player, he played as a left-back, most notably for Arsenal and Chelsea. Cole is cons ...
, England footballer
*Cheryl Cole
Cheryl Ann Tweedy (born 30 June 1983) is an English singer and television personality. Born and raised in Newcastle upon Tyne, she rose to fame in late 2002 upon winning a place in Girls Aloud, a girl group created through ITV's '' Popstar ...
, singer
* Sir Edgar Horne, Conservative Member of Parliament
*Sir David Orr
Sir David Alexander Orr MC* (10 May 1922 in Dalkey, County Dublin – 2 February 2008) was an Anglo-Irish businessman, philanthropist and World War II veteran.
Early years
Orr was born the third of four children to Canon A.W.F. Orr, an An ...
, Chairman of Unilever
Unilever plc is a British multinational consumer goods company with headquarters in London, England. Unilever products include food, condiments, bottled water, baby food, soft drink, ice cream, instant coffee, cleaning agents, energy dri ...
* Sir David Randall Pye, Provost of University College London
, mottoeng = Let all come who by merit deserve the most reward
, established =
, type = Public research university
, endowment = £143 million (2020)
, budget = ...
See also
* List of places of worship in Guildford (borough)
External links
;Shackleford
Shackleford Civil Parish Council website and visitor guide
1917 historic film of Women's Land Army at Cross Farm
;Eashing
Eashing Pages of Shackleford Parish Council's webpages
– Congregationalist Church
Congregational churches (also Congregationalist churches or Congregationalism) are Protestant churches in the Calvinist tradition practising congregationalist church governance, in which each congregation independently and autonomously runs its ...
Eashing / AEscengum Medieval History
;Hurtmore
Reach4TheSky, Hurtmore
Hurtmore Golf Club
Hurtmore Badminton Club
Notes and references
;Notes
;References
{{authority control
Villages in Surrey
Borough of Guildford
Civil parishes in Surrey