Nitrogen difluoride, also known as difluoroamino, is a reactive

radical Radical may refer to: Politics and ideology Politics *Radical politics, the political intent of fundamental societal change *Radicalism (historical), the Radical Movement that began in late 18th century Britain and spread to continental Europe and ...

molecule with formula . This small molecule is in equilibrium with its dimer dinitrogen tetrafluoride. : As the temperature increases the proportion of increases. The molecule is unusual in that it has an odd number of electrons, yet is stable enough to study experimentally.

Properties

The energy needed to break the N–N bond in is , with an entropy change of 38.6 eu. molecule dimensions and angles For comparison, the dissociation energy of the N–N bond is in , in , and in . The

enthalpy of formation Enthalpy , a property of a thermodynamic system, is the sum of the system's internal energy and the product of its pressure and volume. It is a state function used in many measurements in chemical, biological, and physical systems at a constant ...

of (Δ''H''_f) is . At room temperature is mostly associated with only 0.7% in the form of at pressure. When the temperature rises to 225 °C, it mostly dissociates with 99% in the form of . In , the N–F bond length is 1.3494 Å and the angle subtended at F–N–F is 103.33°. In the

infrared spectrum Infrared (IR), sometimes called infrared light, is electromagnetic radiation (EMR) with wavelengths longer than those of visible light. It is therefore invisible to the human eye. IR is generally understood to encompass wavelengths from around ...

the N–F bond in has a symmetrical stretching frequency of 1075 cm⁻¹. This compares to 1115 cm⁻¹ in NF, 1021 cm⁻¹ in and 998 cm⁻¹ in . The microwave spectrum shows numerous lines due to spin transitions, with or without nuclear spin transitions. The lines form set of two triplets for antisymmetric singlet, or two triplets of triplets for symmetric triplet. Lines appear around 14–15, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28–29, 33, 60, 61, 62, and 65 GHz. The rotational constants for the molecule are A = , B = , and C = . The inertial defect Δ = 0.1204 ''m''_u·Å². The centrifugal distortion constants are τ_aaaa = −7.75, τ_bbbb = −0.081, τ_aabb = 0.30, and τ_abab = −0.13. The dipole moment is 0.13 D (). The ground electronic state of the molecule is ²B₁. The gas is often contaminated with NO or .

Use

Nitrogen difluoride is formed during the function of a xenon monofluoride

excimer An excimer (originally short for excited dimer) is a short-lived dimeric or heterodimeric molecule formed from two species, at least one of which has a valence shell completely filled with electrons (for example, noble gases). In this case, form ...

laser.

Nitrogen trifluoride Nitrogen trifluoride () is an inorganic, colorless, non-flammable, toxic gas with a slightly musty odor. It finds increasing use within the manufacturing of flat-panel displays, photovoltaics, LEDs and other microelectronics. Nitrogen trifluori ...

is the halide carrier gas, which releases fluoride ions when impacted by electrons: : The free fluoride ion goes on to react with xenon cations. Nitrogen difluoride can be consumed further to yield

nitrogen monofluoride Nitrogen monofluoride (fluoroimidogen) is a metastable species that has been observed in laser studies. It is isoelectronic with O2. Like boron monofluoride, it is an instance of the rare multiply-bonded fluorine atom. It is unstable with respec ...

. :

References

Extra reading

* * * * * {{Fluorides Nitrogen fluorides Free radicals