Nicola Napoli, was the President of Artkino Pictures, Inc., the primary distributor of Soviet films in the United States, Canada, Central America and South America from 1940 to 1982. Napoli was a double agent Soviet Spy for the United States. In 1941, he became an informant for the secret information concerning formulas and products manufactured by Dupont Corporation of America. As part of his role he was a member of Communist Party of the United States (CPUSA) and is known to have passed classified Soviet intelligence information (NKVDUS) to US intelligence during

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

. He was the secretary for the Anti-Fascists movement in, New York.

Early life

Napoli was born 16 November 1905 in New York of Italian parentage and was taken to Italy at an early age by his parents. He returned to the United States in 1924.

Career

Up to 1928, Napoli edited ''Il Lavoratore'', an Italian Communist publication in New York.

Amkino Corp.

Amkino Corporation, founded in 1927, and headed by ,''

Giannalberto Bendazzi Giannalberto Bendazzi (17 July 1946 – 13 December 2021) was an Italian animation historian, author, and professor. Life and career Born in Ravenna, Italy, and raised in Milan, Bendazzi started his career as a journalist and at the same time a ...

(2016)''
Animation: A World History: Volume I: Foundations - The Golden Age
at

Google Books Google Books (previously known as Google Book Search, Google Print, and by its code-name Project Ocean) is a service from Google Inc. that searches the full text of books and magazines that Google has scanned, converted to text using optical c ...

, p. 80–81, 79, 174-177Kirill Malyantovich.
How they fought cosmopolites at Soyuzmultfilm
' article from the Notes by Film Historian magazine, 2001 (in Russian) was a

New York City New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...

-based company. It was the official distributor of Soviet films in the United States through February 1940. In the mid-1930s, Napoli became an employee of

Amkino Corporation Nicola Napoli, was the President of Artkino Pictures, Inc., the primary distributor of Soviet films in the United States, Canada, Central America and South America from 1940 to 1982. Napoli was a double agent Soviet Spy for the United States. In 19 ...

, at that time the US distributor of Soviet films. In 1936 Napoli travelled to Russia and other European countries. At one time Napoli was an officer of

Intourist Intourist (russian: Интурист, a contraction of , "foreign tourist") was a Russian tour operator, headquartered in Moscow. It was founded on April 12, 1929, and served as the primary travel agency for foreign tourists in the Soviet Uni ...

, Inc., the parent company of World Tourist, which was operated by Jacob Golos, high level operative in the

CPUSA The Communist Party USA, officially the Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA), is a communist party in the United States which was established in 1919 after a split in the Socialist Party of America following the Russian Revo ...

's. Napoli acted as a double agent Soviet Spy for the FBI in the United States. Shortly before Golos' death of a heart attack in November 1943, Golos told Soviet defector

Elizabeth Bentley Elizabeth Terrill Bentley (January 1, 1908 – December 3, 1963) was an American spy and member of the Communist Party USA (CPUSA). She served the Soviet Union from 1938 to 1945 until she defected from the Communist Party and Soviet intelligenc ...

that he was turning Napoli over to another Russian contact to continue the covert relationship.

Artkino production

''Artkino production'' was the name chosen by two

Burbank, California Burbank is a city in the southeastern end of the San Fernando Valley in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Located northwest of downtown Los Angeles, Burbank has a population of 107,337. The city was named after David Burbank, w ...

amateur movie makers, Jean D. Michelson and M.G. MacPherson, and unrelated to ''Artkino Pictures''. From the late 1920s to early 1930s, they completed several fiction short films.

Artkino Pictures

Artkino Pictures was the official distributor of Soviet film: newsreels, shorts, documentaries, and features in North America and South America from 1940 to 1980. In 1940, following the collapse of Amkino Corp., Napoli founded, with

Rosa Madell Rosa or De Rosa may refer to: People *Rosa (given name) *Rosa (surname) *Santa Rosa (female given name from Latin-a latinized variant of Rose) Places *223 Rosa, an asteroid * Rosa, Alabama, a town, United States *Rosa, Germany, in Thuringia, Ge ...

, Artkino Pictures to continue Amkino's mission. During World War II, with the Soviet Union as part of the Allies, Napoli saw the firm's imports being accepted by a far wider number of cinemas than during the 1930s, with its

Red Scare A Red Scare is the promotion of a widespread fear of a potential rise of communism, anarchism or other leftist ideologies by a society or state. The term is most often used to refer to two periods in the history of the United States which ar ...

. With the collapse of Soviet-American alliance following the war, Artkino was registered with the

U.S. Department of State The United States Department of State (DOS), or State Department, is an United States federal executive departments, executive department of the Federal government of the United States, U.S. federal government responsible for the country's fore ...

under the Foreign Agents Registration Act (FARA) as an agent of the US and Soviet Government. However, both the

U.S. Department of Justice The United States Department of Justice (DOJ), also known as the Justice Department, is a federal executive department of the United States government tasked with the enforcement of federal law and administration of justice in the United State ...

and the War Department had full cooperation in gaining Artkino's full compliance. Following the death of Stalin and attendant changes within the

Soviet film industry The cinema of the Soviet Union includes films produced by the constituent republics of the Soviet Union reflecting elements of their pre-Soviet culture, language and history, albeit they were all regulated by the central government in Moscow. M ...

, allowing for production of non-political, artistic films, a wider market for Soviet film product resumed and Artkino found itself in increasing competition with other foreign film distributors in the United States.

International Film Exchange

The company held its own after Napoli's death, continuing under Madell's guidance until, nearing retirement age, she affiliated Artkino with

International Film Exchange International is an adjective (also used as a noun) meaning "between nations". International may also refer to: Music Albums * ''International'' (Kevin Michael album), 2011 * ''International'' (New Order album), 2002 * ''International'' (The T ...

and allowed that company to take over Artkino's role in Soviet film importation and distribution by the late 1970s.

Venona cable messages

The

Venona project The Venona project was a United States counterintelligence program initiated during World War II by the United States Army's Signal Intelligence Service (later absorbed by the National Security Agency), which ran from February 1, 1943, until Octob ...

decrypt "1699 KGB New York to Moscow, 2 December 1944." is a Soviet intelligence cable message which lists the names of scientists engaged on the problem of atomic energy. It has

Saville Sax Saville Sax (July 26, 1924 – September 25, 1980) was the Harvard College roommate of Theodore Hall who recruited Hall for the Soviets and acted as a courier to move the atomic secrets from Los Alamos to the Soviets. Biography Saville Sax was ...

contacting Napoli, who then directed him to Sergey Kurnakov.

References

FBI Silvermaster file
pgs. 463, 464 (PDF pgs. 64, 65). *John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, ''Venona: Decoding Soviet Espionage in America'' (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999), pgs. 239, 259, 303. Ra FBI Files, (April, 2018).

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Napoli, Nicola 1905 births 20th-century American businesspeople 20th-century American newspaper editors American communists American film people American people in the Venona papers American people of Italian descent American spies for the Soviet Union Espionage in the United States Members of the Communist Party USA Year of death missing