The Ngero–Vitiaz languages form a
linkage
Linkage may refer to:
* ''Linkage'' (album), by J-pop singer Mami Kawada, released in 2010
*Linkage (graph theory), the maximum min-degree of any of its subgraphs
*Linkage (horse), an American Thoroughbred racehorse
* Linkage (hierarchical cluster ...
of
Austronesian languages in northern
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea ( tpi, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini; ho, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niu Gini), is a country i ...
. They are spoken, from west to east, in
Madang Province
Madang is a province of Papua New Guinea. The province is on the northern coast of mainland Papua New Guinea and has many of the country's highest peaks, active volcanoes and its biggest mix of languages. The capital is the town of Madang.
D ...
,
Morobe Province
Morobe Province is a province on the northern coast of Papua New Guinea. The provincial capital and largest city is Lae. The province covers 33,705 km2, with a population of 674,810 (2011 census), and since the division of Southern Highlands P ...
, and
New Britain
New Britain ( tpi, Niu Briten) is the largest island in the Bismarck Archipelago, part of the Islands Region of Papua New Guinea. It is separated from New Guinea by a northwest corner of the Solomon Sea (or with an island hop of Umboi the Dam ...
.
Classification
According to Lynch, Ross, & Crowley (2002), the structure of the family is as follows:
[ Lynch, John, Malcolm Ross & ]Terry Crowley
Terrence Michael Crowley (born February 16, 1947) is an American former professional baseball player and coach. He played in Major League Baseball as an outfielder and utility player from through , most notably as a member of the Baltimore Oriol ...
. 2002. ''The Oceanic languages.'' Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press.
*Ngero family
**Bariai linkage:
Bariai,
Kove,
Lusi,
Malalamai
Malalamai, or Bonga (after the two villages in which it is spoken), is an Austronesian languages of Madang Province
Madang is a province of Papua New Guinea. The province is on the northern coast of mainland Papua New Guinea and has many of ...
**Tuam linkage:
Gitua,
Mutu
*
Vitiaz linkage
**Bel family
***Astrolabe (East Bel) linkage:
Awad Bing,
Mindiri,
Wab
***Nuclear Bel (West Bel) linkage:
Marik (Dami, Ham),
Gedaged,
Bilibil
Prior to 1904, the Bilibil people lived on an island offshore from Madang, Papua New Guinea, trading clay pots along the coast from Karkar Island to western Morobe Province. The island was too small to produce enough food for the inhabitants, a ...
,
Takia,
Matukar
**Southwest New Britain linkage
***Bibling linkage:
Lamogai,
Mouk-Aria
***Pasismanua linkage:
Aigon
Aigon (Aighon) is an Austronesian language spoken by about 2000 individuals between the Avio and Amgen rivers in West New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea on the island of New Britain.
References
External links
* Open access archived reco ...
,
Miu,
Kaulong–
Karore
Karore is an Austronesian language spoken by about 550 individuals between the Andru and Johanna Rivers in West New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), of ...
,
Sengseng
***Arawe linkage:
****East Arawe:
Akolet,
Avau,
Bebeli,
Lesing-Gelimi
****West Arawe:
Solong,
Apalik (Ambul),
Gimi,
Aiklep
****?
Mangseng
**Mengen family:
Lote Lote may refer to:
Places
*Lote, Norway, a village in Eid municipality, Sogn og Fjordane, Norway
*Lote, India, an area in the Ratnagiri district of Maharashtra
People
* Denis Kiwanuka Lote (1938–2022), Ugandan Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop ...
,
Mamusi,
Mengen
**
Maleu
**Korap linkage:
Arop-Lukep,
Karnai,
Malasanga,
Mur Pano
**
Mbula
**Roinji–Nenaya:
Mato,
Ronji
**
Sio
**
Tami
Tami or TAMI may refer to:
People and fictional characters
* Tami (given name), a list of people and fictional characters with either the given name or nickname
* Mark Tami (born 1962), British politician and Member of Parliament
* Pierluigi Tami ...
**
Amara
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ngero-Vitiaz languages
North New Guinea languages
Languages of Papua New Guinea