Neuburg is a quarter of the German city

Freiburg im Breisgau Freiburg im Breisgau (; abbreviated as Freiburg i. Br. or Freiburg i. B.; Low Alemannic German, Low Alemannic: ''Friburg im Brisgau''), commonly referred to as Freiburg, is an independent city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. With a population o ...

. The district is located directly north of the

old town In a city or town, the old town is its historic or original core. Although the city is usually larger in its present form, many cities have redesignated this part of the city to commemorate its origins after thorough renovations. There are ma ...

with its numerous sights and includes the Schlossberg which is situated east of the city's historic center. Neuburg adjoins the district ''Oberau'' on wooded Schlossberg, as well as it adjoins

Herdern Herdern is a municipality in Frauenfeld District in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland. History Herdern is first mentioned in 1094 as ''Harderin''. Originally it was under the authority of Ittingen. Until 1403 the local castle, Herden Cast ...

in the north. On its western side, the district is cut off from Stühlinger by the tracks of the ''Rheintalbahn'' running from

Mannheim Mannheim (; Palatine German: or ), officially the University City of Mannheim (german: Universitätsstadt Mannheim), is the second-largest city in the German state of Baden-Württemberg after the state capital of Stuttgart, and Germany's 2 ...

Basel , french: link=no, Bâlois(e), it, Basilese , neighboring_municipalities= Allschwil (BL), Hégenheim (FR-68), Binningen (BL), Birsfelden (BL), Bottmingen (BL), Huningue (FR-68), Münchenstein (BL), Muttenz (BL), Reinach (BL), Riehen (BS ...

. The district's name Neuburg is rarely used by Freiburg's inhabitants since Neuburg is split into two-halves by the major street Habsburger Street. The area east of Habsburger Street is commonly viewed as part of the district Herdern, whereas the area west of it is said to be part of the ''Institutsviertel'' (engl. institute district), which comprises the local

University A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, t ...

Natural science Natural science is one of the branches of science concerned with the description, understanding and prediction of natural phenomena, based on empirical evidence from observation and experimentation. Mechanisms such as peer review and repeatab ...

s department.

History

The first construction of houses in Neuburg started soon after the foundation of Freiburg in the 12th century. The district then constituted a northern suburb to Freiburg's city center and even owned a pauper's

infirmary Infirmary may refer to: *Historically, a hospital, especially a small hospital *A first aid room in a school, prison, or other institution *A dispensary (an office that dispenses medications) *A clinic A clinic (or outpatient clinic or ambu ...

and an

orphanage An orphanage is a Residential education, residential institution, total institution or group home, devoted to the Childcare, care of orphans and children who, for various reasons, cannot be cared for by their biological families. The parent ...

. The suburb had its own town wall. An excavation in 2016 uncovered the remnants from 11th century settlements. On top of this, the search also revealed the oldest wine press in

South Germany Southern Germany () is a region of Germany which has no exact boundary, but is generally taken to include the areas in which Upper German dialects are spoken, historically the stem duchies of Bavaria and Swabia or, in a modern context, Bavaria a ...

and a piece of a musical instrument which dates from the 12th century. During the

Thirty Years' War The Thirty Years' War was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history The history of Europe is traditionally divided into four time periods: prehistoric Europe (prior to about 800 BC), classical antiquity (80 ...

the suburb was severely affected and after the French occupation of

Freiburg Freiburg im Breisgau (; abbreviated as Freiburg i. Br. or Freiburg i. B.; Low Alemannic: ''Friburg im Brisgau''), commonly referred to as Freiburg, is an independent city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. With a population of about 230,000 (as o ...

in 1677 Vauban removed the suburb to create space for the ring of

fortresses A fortification is a military construction or building designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is also used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from Latin ''fortis'' ("strong") and ''facere'' ...

around Freiburg which surrounded the old city very tightly. In addition to this, a fortress district was created to give the cannoneers a free field of fire.Hans Sigmund:
Freiburg Nord: Schrittweise Annäherung
', ''Badische Zeitung'' 27 December 2010, retrieved 23 January 2011 The alsatian town of

Neuf-Brisach Neuf-Brisach ( or ; ; gsw-FR, Nei-Brisach) is a fortified town and commune of the department of Haut-Rhin in the French region of Alsace. The fortified town was intended to guard the border between France and the Holy Roman Empire and, subsequ ...

(Neu-Breisach) which is situated 25 km west from Freiburg provides a good idea of what a model Vauban-style fortress looked like, and what the ring of fortresses in Freiburg at the time would have been like. The French withdrew from Freiburg in 1745 and blew up its entire fortifications. The plants slowly became overgrown, entwined with the

debris Debris (, ) is rubble, wreckage, ruins, litter and discarded garbage/refuse/trash, scattered remains of something destroyed, or, as in geology, large rock fragments left by a melting glacier, etc. Depending on context, ''debris'' can refer to ...

. The area was not repopulated until around 1825. The district was then named ''Ludwigsvorstadt'' in honour of the

Grand Duke of Baden The Grand Duchy of Baden (german: Großherzogtum Baden) was a state in the southwest German Empire on the east bank of the Rhine. It existed between 1806 and 1918. It came into existence in the 12th century as the Margraviate of Baden and subse ...

. In the 20th century, the

medieval In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the Post-classical, post-classical period of World history (field), global history. It began with t ...

name Neuburg was used again, at least in the official identification. During the bombardment of Freiburg in November 1944, the district was almost completely destroyed.

Infrastructure

The resident population of just over 4,000 people is relatively low. Large parts of the western half of the district are occupied by the university campus, which has established its mathematics and natural sciences faculties and the rectorate in the so-called institute district. Located in the biggest part of the Herder publishing house, which used to house the press room of the publishing company, is nowadays the faculty of forestry and environmental sciences of the

university A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, t ...

. In the former paper storage people can visit the archeological collection that contains antique originals and plaster casts of antique sculptures. The eastern part of the district houses a variety of different authorities such as the correctional institution as well as hospitals and trade schools. Two green areas are also part of the district: the City Garden and The Old Cemetery, which was the burial ground of Freiburg from 1683 to 1872. In the year 1725 and during the years 1753–57, the St. Michael Chapel was built in the

cemetery A cemetery, burial ground, gravesite or graveyard is a place where the remains of dead people are buried or otherwise interred. The word ''cemetery'' (from Greek , "sleeping place") implies that the land is specifically designated as a buri ...

. North of the cemetery the Evangelical ''Ludwigskirche'' was built after the

Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

as a replacement for the first evangelical church in Freiburg which was destroyed during the war. On the eastern edge of the cemetery is the Evangelical Lutheran Church of the Redeemer in neo-Gothic style. The district is linked to Tramlines 2 and 4 along the Habsburger Street which are part of the public transport network of Freiburg. The

bus A bus (contracted from omnibus, with variants multibus, motorbus, autobus, etc.) is a road vehicle that carries significantly more passengers than an average car or van. It is most commonly used in public transport, but is also in use for cha ...

line 27 to Herdern also goes through the district.

Literature

* Hermann Flamm: ''Zur Topographie der Vorstadt Neuburg''. In: ''Schau-ins-Land'' 41 (1914), pp. 34–36. * Joseph Ludolph Wohleb: ''Zur Geschichte der Alt-Freiburger Vorstadt Neuburg''. In: ''Alemannische Heimat'' 5 (1938), n. 23/24. * Hans-Josef Wollasch: ''Zur Sozialgeschichte des Freiburger Stadtteils Neuburg''. In: ''Schau-ins-Land'' 88 (1970), pp. 173–182. * Walter Vetter: ''Freiburg. Ein Führer zu Kunst und Geschichte.'' Rombach, Freiburg 1986, pp. 129–133.

References

External links

History of Neuburg
{{Authority control Quarters of Freiburg im Breisgau