(July 5, 2021)
, -
, 1800s
, 82,587
[{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1800-01-01%20TO%201809-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date: 800-01-01 TO 1809-12-31publisher=Internet Archive, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409184056/https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1800-01-01%20TO%201809-12-31%5D, archive-date=April 9, 2016, url-status=live, access-date=July 5, 2021]
, -
, 1810s
, 100,048
[{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1810-01-01%20TO%201819-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date: 810-01-01 TO 1819-12-31publisher=Internet Archive, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326053037/https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1810-01-01%20TO%201819-12-31%5D, archive-date=March 26, 2016, url-status=live, access-date=July 5, 2021]
, -
, 1820s
, 151,669
[{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1820-01-01%20TO%201829-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date: 820-01-01 TO 1829-12-31publisher=Internet Archive, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315065543/https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1820-01-01%20TO%201829-12-31%5D, archive-date=March 15, 2016, url-status=live, access-date=July 5, 2021]
, -
, 1830s
, 203,287
[{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1830-01-01%20TO%201839-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date: 830-01-01 TO 1839-12-31publisher=Internet Archive, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409184108/https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1830-01-01%20TO%201839-12-31%5D, archive-date=April 9, 2016, url-status=live, access-date=July 5, 2021]
, -
, 1840s
, 239,343
[{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1840-01-01%20TO%201849-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date: 840-01-01 TO 1849-12-31publisher=Internet Archive, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326003423/https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1840-01-01%20TO%201849-12-31%5D, archive-date=March 26, 2016, url-status=live, access-date=July 5, 2021]
, -
, 1850s
, 307,302
[{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1850-01-01%20TO%201859-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date: 850-01-01 TO 1859-12-31publisher=Internet Archive, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317101935/https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1850-01-01%20TO%201859-12-31%5D, archive-date=March 17, 2016, url-status=live, access-date=July 5, 2021]
, -
, 1860s
, 322,843
[{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1860-01-01%20TO%201869-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date: 860-01-01 TO 1869-12-31publisher=Internet Archive, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313144015/https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1860-01-01%20TO%201869-12-31%5D, archive-date=March 13, 2016, url-status=live, access-date=July 5, 2021]
, -
, 1870s
, 336,637
[{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1870-01-01%20TO%201879-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date: 870-01-01 TO 1879-12-31publisher=Internet Archive, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315072622/https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1870-01-01%20TO%201879-12-31%5D, archive-date=March 15, 2016, url-status=live, access-date=July 5, 2021]
, -
, 1880s
, 445,046
[{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1880-01-01%20TO%201889-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date:]880-01-01 TO 1889-12-31
88 may refer to:
* 88 (number)
* one of the years 88 BC, AD 88, 1888 CE, 1988 CE, 2088 CE, etc.
* "88", a song by Sum 41 from '' Chuck''
* "88", a song by The Cool Kids from ''The Bake Sale''
* The 88, an American indie rock band
* ''The 88'' ...
publisher=Internet Archive, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316181145/https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1880-01-01%20TO%201889-12-31%5D, archive-date=March 16, 2016, url-status=live, access-date=July 5, 2021
, -
, 1890s
, 570,017
[{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1890-01-01%20TO%201899-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date: 890-01-01 TO 1899-12-31publisher=Internet Archive, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311063253/https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1890-01-01%20TO%201899-12-31%5D, archive-date=March 11, 2016, url-status=live, access-date=July 5, 2021]
,
{, class="wikitable"
, +XX century
, -
!Decade
!Number of texts
(July 5, 2021)
, -
, 1900s
, 767,201
[{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1900-01-01%20TO%201909-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date:]900-01-01 TO 1909-12-31
9 (nine) is the natural number following and preceding .
Evolution of the Arabic digit
In the Brahmi numerals, beginning, various Indians wrote a digit 9 similar in shape to the modern closing question mark without the bottom dot. The Kshat ...
publisher=Internet Archive, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160318045422/https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1900-01-01%20TO%201909-12-31%5D, archive-date=March 18, 2016, url-status=live, access-date=July 5, 2021
, -
, 1910s
, 744,445
[{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1910-01-01%20TO%201919-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date: 910-01-01 TO 1919-12-31publisher=Internet Archive, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319012820/https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1910-01-01%20TO%201919-12-31%5D, archive-date=March 19, 2016, url-status=live, access-date=July 5, 2021]
, -
, 1920s
, 473,331
[{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1920-01-01%20TO%201929-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date: 920-01-01 TO 1929-12-31publisher=Internet Archive, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409184113/https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1920-01-01%20TO%201929-12-31%5D, archive-date=April 9, 2016, url-status=live, access-date=July 5, 2021]
, -
, 1930s
, 342,779
[{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1930-01-01%20TO%201939-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date: 930-01-01 TO 1939-12-31publisher=Internet Archive, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409184117/https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1930-01-01%20TO%201939-12-31%5D, archive-date=April 9, 2016, url-status=live, access-date=July 5, 2021]
, -
, 1940s
, 400,490
[{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1940-01-01%20TO%201949-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date:]940-01-01 TO 1949-12-31 94 may refer to:
* 94 (number)
* one of the years 94 BC, AD 94, 1994, 2094, etc.
* Atomic number 94: plutonium
* Saab 94
See also
*
* List of highways numbered
A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to:
Peopl ...
publisher=Internet Archive, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326054436/https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1940-01-01%20TO%201949-12-31%5D, archive-date=March 26, 2016, url-status=live, access-date=July 5, 2021
, -
, 1950s
, 560,730
[{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1950-01-01%20TO%201959-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date: 950-01-01 TO 1959-12-31publisher=Internet Archive, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316185045/https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1950-01-01%20TO%201959-12-31%5D, archive-date=March 16, 2016, url-status=live, access-date=July 5, 2021]
, -
, 1960s
, 711,449
[{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1960-01-01%20TO%201969-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date: 960-01-01 TO 1969-12-31publisher=Internet Archive, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315045623/https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1960-01-01%20TO%201969-12-31%5D, archive-date=March 15, 2016, url-status=live, access-date=July 5, 2021]
, -
, 1970s
, 2,540,807
[{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1970-01-01%20TO%201979-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date: 970-01-01 TO 1979-12-31publisher=Internet Archive, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409184121/https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1970-01-01%20TO%201979-12-31%5D, archive-date=April 9, 2016, url-status=live, access-date=July 5, 2021]
, -
, 1980s
, 1,124,927
[{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1980-01-01%20TO%201989-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date: 980-01-01 TO 1989-12-31publisher=Internet Archive, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409184159/https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1980-01-01%20TO%201989-12-31%5D, archive-date=April 9, 2016, url-status=live, access-date=July 5, 2021]
, -
, 1990s
, 1,379,398
[{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1990-01-01%20TO%201999-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date:]990-01-01 TO 1999-12-31
99 may refer to:
* 99 (number), the natural number following 98 and preceding 100
* one of the years 99 BC, AD 99, 1999, 2099, etc.
Art, entertainment, and media
* ''The 99'', a comic series based on Islamic culture
Film, television and radio
* ...
publisher=Internet Archive, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311000946/https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B1990-01-01%20TO%201999-12-31%5D, archive-date=March 11, 2016, url-status=live, access-date=July 5, 2021
,
{, class="wikitable"
, +XXI century
, -
!Decade
!Number of texts
(July 5, 2021)
, -
, 2000s
, 1,754,932
[{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B2000-01-01%20TO%202009-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date: 000-01-01 TO 2009-12-31publisher=Internet Archive, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326171415/https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B2000-01-01%20TO%202009-12-31%5D, archive-date=March 26, 2016, url-status=live, access-date=July 5, 2021]
, -
, 2010s
, 3,317,801
[{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B2010-01-01%20TO%2019-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date: 010-01-01 TO 2019-12-31publisher=Internet Archive, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409184814/https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B2010-01-01%20TO%202014-1-24%5D, archive-date=April 9, 2016, url-status=live, access-date=July 5, 2021]
, -
, 2020s
, 205,178
[{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=mediatype%3A%28texts%29%20AND%20date%3A%5B2020-01-01%20TO%2029-12-31%5D, title=Internet Archive Search : mediatype:texts AND date: 020-01-01 TO 2029-12-31publisher=Internet Archive , access-date=July 5, 2021]
Open Library
{{main, Open Library
The Open Library is another project of the Internet Archive. The project seeks to include a web page for every book ever published: it holds 25 million catalog records of editions. It also seeks to be a web-accessible public library: it contains the full texts of approximately 1,600,000 public domain books (out of the more than five million from the main
texts collection), as well as in-print and in-copyright books, many of which are fully readable, downloadable and
full-text search
In text retrieval, full-text search refers to techniques for searching a single computer-stored document or a collection in a full-text database. Full-text search is distinguished from searches based on metadata or on parts of the original texts ...
able; it offers a two-week loan of
e-book
An ebook (short for electronic book), also known as an e-book or eBook, is a book publication made available in digital form, consisting of text, images, or both, readable on the flat-panel display of computers or other electronic devices. Alt ...
s in its
controlled digital lending
Controlled digital lending (CDL) is a model by which libraries digitize materials in their collection and make them available for lending. It is based on interpretations of the United States copyright principles of fair use and copyright exhaust ...
program for over 647,784 books not in the public domain, in partnership with over 1,000 library partners from six countries
[Hoffelder, Nate (July 9, 2013)]
"Internet Archive Now Hosts 4.4 Million eBooks, Sees 15 Million eBooks Downloaded Each Month"
{{webarchive, url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110091506/http://www.the-digital-reader.com/2013/07/09/internet-archive-now-hosts-4-4-million-ebooks-sees-15-million-ebooks-downloaded-each-month/ , date=November 10, 2013 . The Digital Reader. after a free registration on the web site. Open Library is a
free and open-source software
Free and open-source software (FOSS) is a term used to refer to groups of software consisting of both free software and open-source software where anyone is freely licensed to use, copy, study, and change the software in any way, and the source ...
project, with its source code freely available on
GitHub
GitHub, Inc. () is an Internet hosting service for software development and version control using Git. It provides the distributed version control of Git plus access control, bug tracking, software feature requests, task management, continuous ...
.
The Open Library faces objections from some authors and the
Society of Authors
The Society of Authors (SoA) is a United Kingdom trade union for professional writers, illustrators and literary translators, founded in 1884 to protect the rights and further the interests of authors. , it represents over 12,000 members and as ...
, who hold that the project is distributing books without authorization and is thus in violation of copyright laws, and four major publishers initiated a copyright infringement lawsuit against the Internet Archive in June 2020 to stop the Open Library project.
[{{cite web , url = https://www.theverge.com/2020/6/1/21277036/internet-archive-publishers-lawsuit-open-library-ebook-lending , title = Publishers sue Internet Archive over Open Library ebook lending , first = Russell , last = Brandom , date = June 1, 2020 , access-date = June 1, 2020 , work = ]The Verge
''The Verge'' is an American technology news website operated by Vox Media, publishing news, feature stories, guidebooks, product reviews, consumer electronics news, and podcasts.
The website launched on November 1, 2011, and uses Vox Media' ...
, archive-date = June 1, 2020 , archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200601185706/https://www.theverge.com/2020/6/1/21277036/internet-archive-publishers-lawsuit-open-library-ebook-lending , url-status = live
Digitizing sponsors for books
Many large institutional sponsors have helped the Internet Archive provide millions of scanned publications (text items). Some sponsors that have digitized large quantities of texts include the
University of Toronto
The University of Toronto (UToronto or U of T) is a public research university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, located on the grounds that surround Queen's Park. It was founded by royal charter in 1827 as King's College, the first institution ...
's
Robarts Library
The John P. Robarts Research Library, commonly referred to as Robarts Library, is the main humanities and social sciences library of the University of Toronto Libraries and the largest individual library in the university. Opened in 1973 and named ...
, the
University of Alberta Libraries
The University of Alberta, also known as U of A or UAlberta, is a public research university located in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. It was founded in 1908 by Alexander Cameron Rutherford,"A Gentleman of Strathcona – Alexander Cameron Rutherfor ...
, the
University of Ottawa
The University of Ottawa (french: Université d'Ottawa), often referred to as uOttawa or U of O, is a bilingual public research university in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The main campus is located on directly to the northeast of Downtown Ottawa ...
, the
Library of Congress
The Library of Congress (LOC) is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the ''de facto'' national library of the United States. It is the oldest federal cultural institution in the country. The library is ...
,
Boston Library Consortium
The Boston Library Consortium (BLC) is a library consortium based in the Boston area with 23 member institutions across New England.
Membership
The Boston Library Consortium is an academic consortium of twenty-three institutions: sixteen in M ...
member libraries, the
Boston Public Library
The Boston Public Library is a municipal public library system in Boston, Massachusetts, United States, founded in 1848. The Boston Public Library is also the Library for the Commonwealth (formerly ''library of last recourse'') of the Commonweal ...
, the
Princeton Theological Seminary Library
Princeton Theological Seminary (PTSem), officially The Theological Seminary of the Presbyterian Church, is a private school of theology in Princeton, New Jersey. Founded in 1812 under the auspices of Archibald Alexander, the General Assembly of ...
, and many others.
In 2017, the
MIT Press
The MIT Press is a university press affiliated with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Massachusetts (United States). It was established in 1962.
History
The MIT Press traces its origins back to 1926 when MIT publish ...
authorized the Internet Archive to digitize and lend books from the press's
backlist
A backlist is a list of older books available from a publisher. This is opposed to newly-published titles, which is sometimes known as the frontlist.
Business
Building a strong backlist has traditionally been considered the best method to produ ...
, with financial support from the
Arcadia Fund
The Arcadia Fund is a UK charity organization founded by Lisbet Rausing and Professor Peter Baldwin. Established in 2001, the organization provides grants on a worldwide basis focusing on numerous projects outside the UK. The primary focus of th ...
. A year later, the Internet Archive received further funding from the Arcadia Fund to invite some other university presses to partner with the Internet Archive to digitize books, a project called "Unlocking University Press Books".
The
Library of Congress
The Library of Congress (LOC) is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the ''de facto'' national library of the United States. It is the oldest federal cultural institution in the country. The library is ...
created numerous
handle system
The Handle System is the Corporation for National Research Initiatives's proprietary registry assigning persistent identifiers, or handles, to information resources, and for resolving "those handles into the information necessary to locate, acces ...
identifiers that pointed to free digitized books in the Internet Archive. The Internet Archive and Open Library are listed on the Library of Congress website as a source of e-books.
Media collections
In addition to web archives, the Internet Archive maintains extensive collections of digital media that are attested by the uploader to be in the
public domain
The public domain (PD) consists of all the creative work
A creative work is a manifestation of creative effort including fine artwork (sculpture, paintings, drawing, sketching, performance art), dance, writing (literature), filmmaking, ...
in the United States or licensed under a license that allows redistribution, such as
Creative Commons
Creative Commons (CC) is an American non-profit organization and international network devoted to educational access and expanding the range of creative works available for others to build upon legally and to share. The organization has release ...
licenses. Media are organized into collections by media type (moving images, audio, text, etc.), and into sub-collections by various criteria. Each of the main collections includes a "Community" sub-collection (formerly named "Open Source") where general contributions by the public are stored.
Audio
{{anchor, aaAudio Archive
The Audio Archive is an
audio archive
The Internet Archive is an American digital library with the stated mission of "universal access to all knowledge". It provides free public access to collections of digitized materials, including websites, software applications/games, music, ...
that includes music,
audiobook
An audiobook (or a talking book) is a recording of a book or other work being read out loud. A reading of the complete text is described as "unabridged", while readings of shorter versions are abridgements.
Spoken audio has been available in sc ...
s, news broadcasts,
old time radio
The Golden Age of Radio, also known as the old-time radio (OTR) era, was an era of radio in the United States where it was the dominant electronic home entertainment medium. It began with the birth of commercial radio broadcasting in the early ...
shows, and a wide variety of other audio files. There are more than 200,000 free digital recordings in the collection. The subcollections include audio books and poetry,
podcast
A podcast is a program made available in digital format for download over the Internet. For example, an episodic series of digital audio or video files that a user can download to a personal device to listen to at a time of their choosing ...
s, non-English audio, and many others.
["Welcome to Audio Archive"]
{{webarchive, url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140117045201/https://archive.org/details/audio , date=January 17, 2014 . Internet Archive. The sound collections are curated by
B. George
Bob George (born November 24, 1949 in Youngstown, Ohio), known professionally as B. George, is the co-founder and executive director of the ARChive of Contemporary Music in New York City. He also published the first comprehensive discographical ...
, director of the
ARChive of Contemporary Music
The ARChive of Contemporary Music (ARC) is a non-profit music library and archive based in New York City. It contains over five million items.
People
The ARC was founded in 1985 by current Director, B. George and David Wheeler (1957–1997) in L ...
.
[{{cite web, last1=Pritchard, first1=Will, title=How The Great 78 Project is saving half a million songs from obscurity, url=https://thevinylfactory.com/features/great-78-project-archive-interview/, website=The Vinyl Factory, access-date=November 2, 2017, date=August 18, 2017, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107004227/https://thevinylfactory.com/features/great-78-project-archive-interview/, archive-date=November 7, 2017, url-status=live]
Next to the stock
HTML5
HTML5 is a markup language used for structuring and presenting content on the World Wide Web. It is the fifth and final major HTML version that is a World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommendation. The current specification is known as the HTML ...
audio player,
Winamp
Winamp is a media player for Microsoft Windows originally developed by Justin Frankel and Dmitry Boldyrev by their company Nullsoft, which they later sold to AOL in 1999 for $80 million. It was then acquired by Radionomy in 2014. Sinc ...
-resembling ''Webamp'' is available.
Digital Library of Amateur Radio and Communications
A project to preserve recordings of amateur radio transmissions, with funding from the Amateur Radio Digital Communications foundation.
Live Music Archive
{{main, Live Music Archive
The
Live Music Archive
The Live Music Archive (LMA), part of the Internet Archive, is an ad-free collection of over 170,000 concert recordings in Lossless data compression, lossless audio formats. The songs are also downloadable or playable in lossy formats such as Vo ...
sub-collection includes more than 170,000 concert recordings from independent musicians, as well as more established artists and musical ensembles with permissive rules about recording their concerts, such as the
Grateful Dead
The Grateful Dead was an American rock music, rock band formed in 1965 in Palo Alto, California. The band is known for its eclectic style, which fused elements of rock, Folk music, folk, country music, country, jazz, bluegrass music, bluegrass, ...
, and more recently,
The Smashing Pumpkins
The Smashing Pumpkins (also referred to as simply Smashing Pumpkins) are an American alternative rock band from Chicago. Formed in 1988 by frontman and guitarist Billy Corgan, bassist D'arcy Wretzky, guitarist James Iha and drummer Jimmy Chamb ...
. Also,
Jordan Zevon has allowed the Internet Archive to host a definitive collection of his father
Warren Zevon
Warren William Zevon (; January 24, 1947 – September 7, 2003) was an American rock singer, songwriter, and musician.
Zevon's most famous compositions include "Werewolves of London", "Lawyers, Guns and Money", and " Roland the Headless Tho ...
's concert recordings. The Zevon collection ranges from 1976 to 2001 and contains 126 concerts including 1,137 songs.
The Great 78 Project
{{main, The Great 78 Project
The Great 78 Project The Great 78 Project is an initiative developed by the Internet Archive which aims to digitize 250,000 Phonograph_record#78_rpm_disc_developments, 78 rpm singles (500,000 songs) from the period between 1880 and 1960, donated by various record collec ...
aims to digitize 250,000
78 rpm
A phonograph record (also known as a gramophone record, especially in British English), or simply a record, is an analog signal, analog sound Recording medium, storage medium in the form of a flat disc with an inscribed, modulated spiral groove ...
singles (500,000 songs) from the period between 1880 and 1960, donated by various collectors and institutions. It has been developed in collaboration with the Archive of Contemporary Music and George Blood Audio, responsible for the audio digitization.
Netlabels
{{distinguish, Netlabel
The Archive has a collection of freely distributable music that is streamed and available for download via its ''Netlabels'' service. The music in this collection generally has Creative Commons-license catalogs of virtual record labels.
["Welcome to Netlabels"]
{{webarchive, url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404162519/https://archive.org/details/netlabels , date=April 4, 2014 . Internet Archive.[{{cite web, url=http://lifehacker.com/208221/download-free-music-at-the-internet-archive , title=Download free music at the Internet Archive , work=]Lifehacker
''Lifehacker'' is a weblog about life hacks and software that launched on January 31, 2005. The site was originally launched by Gawker Media and is currently owned by G/O Media. The blog posts cover a wide range of topics including: Microsoft W ...
, date=October 21, 2006 , first=Wendy , last=Boswell , quote=The Internet Archive has a ginormous collection of free, downloadable music in their NetLabels category ..., url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505115952/http://lifehacker.com/208221/download-free-music-at-the-internet-archive , archive-date=May 5, 2012
Images collection
This collection contains more than 3.5 million items.
Cover Art Archive,
Metropolitan Museum of Art
The Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York City, colloquially "the Met", is the largest art museum in the Americas. Its permanent collection contains over two million works, divided among 17 curatorial departments. The main building at 1000 ...
- Gallery Images, NASA Images,
Occupy Wall Street
Occupy Wall Street (OWS) was a protest Social movement, movement against economic inequality and the Campaign finance, influence of money in politics that began in Zuccotti Park, located in New York City's Financial District, Manhattan, Wall S ...
Flickr
Flickr ( ; ) is an American image hosting and video hosting service, as well as an online community, founded in Canada and headquartered in the United States. It was created by Ludicorp in 2004 and was a popular way for amateur and professional ...
Archive, and
USGS Maps The Libre Map Project is an online collection of all digital USGS 1:24K scale topographic maps (as well as various other GIS data) covering the United States, available as a free download.
The Libre Map Project was started by Jared Benedict and ar ...
are some sub-collections of Image collection.
Cover Art Archive
The Cover Art Archive is a joint project between the Internet Archive and
MusicBrainz
MusicBrainz is a MetaBrainz project that aims to create a collaborative music database that is similar to the freedb project. MusicBrainz was founded in response to the restrictions placed on the Compact Disc Database (CDDB), a database for sof ...
, whose goal is to make cover art images on the Internet. {{As of, 2021, 04, post=, this collection contains more than 1,400,000 items.
[{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/details/coverartarchive , title=Cover Art Archive: Free Image : Download & Streaming : Internet Archive , publisher=Internet Archive , access-date=December 4, 2014 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103140633/https://archive.org/details/coverartarchive , archive-date=January 3, 2015 ]
Metropolitan Museum of Art images
The images of this collection are from the
Metropolitan Museum of Art
The Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York City, colloquially "the Met", is the largest art museum in the Americas. Its permanent collection contains over two million works, divided among 17 curatorial departments. The main building at 1000 ...
. This collection contains more than 140,000 items.
[{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/details/metropolitanmuseumofart-gallery , title=Metropolitan Museum of Art – Gallery Images: Free Image : Download & Streaming : Internet Archive , publisher=Internet Archive , access-date=December 4, 2014 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103140654/https://archive.org/details/metropolitanmuseumofart-gallery , archive-date=January 3, 2015 ]
NASA Images
The NASA Images archive was created through a Space Act Agreement between the Internet Archive and NASA to bring public access to NASA's image, video, and audio collections in a single, searchable resource. The IA NASA Images team worked closely with all of the NASA centers to keep adding to the ever-growing collection. The nasaimages.org site launched in July 2008 and had more than 100,000 items online at the end of its hosting in 2012.
Occupy Wall Street Flickr archive
This collection contains
Creative Commons
Creative Commons (CC) is an American non-profit organization and international network devoted to educational access and expanding the range of creative works available for others to build upon legally and to share. The organization has release ...
-licensed photographs from Flickr related to the
Occupy Wall Street
Occupy Wall Street (OWS) was a protest Social movement, movement against economic inequality and the Campaign finance, influence of money in politics that began in Zuccotti Park, located in New York City's Financial District, Manhattan, Wall S ...
movement. This collection contains more than 15,000 items.
[{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/details/flickr-ows , title=Occupy Wall Street Flickr Archive: Free Image : Download & Streaming : Internet Archive , publisher=Internet Archive , access-date=December 4, 2014 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103140621/https://archive.org/details/flickr-ows , archive-date=January 3, 2015 ]
USGS Maps
This collection contains more than 59,000 items from
Libre Map Project The Libre Map Project is an online collection of all digital USGS 1:24K scale topographic maps (as well as various other GIS data) covering the United States, available as a free download.
The Libre Map Project was started by Jared Benedict and aro ...
.
[{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/details/maps_usgs , title=USGS Maps: Free Image : Download & Streaming : Internet Archive , publisher=Internet Archive , access-date=December 4, 2014 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103140641/https://archive.org/details/maps_usgs , archive-date=January 3, 2015 ]
Mathematical images
This collection contains mathematical images created by mathematical artist
Hamid Naderi Yeganeh
Hamid Naderi Yeganeh ( fa, حمید نادری یگانه; born July 26, 1990 in Iran) is an Iranian mathematical artist and digital artist. He is known for using mathematical formulas to create drawings of real-life objects, intricate and symme ...
.
[{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/details/mathematicsimage , title=Mathematics – Hamid Naderi Yeganeh (Image): Free Image : Download & Streaming : Internet Archive , publisher=Internet Archive , access-date=December 4, 2014 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014214955/https://archive.org/details/mathematicsimage , archive-date=October 14, 2014 ]
Machinima Archive
One of the sub-collections of the Internet Archive's Video Archive is the Machinima Archive. This small section hosts many Machinima videos. Machinima is a digital artform in which
computer games
A personal computer game, also known as a PC game or computer game, is a type of video game played on a personal computer (PC) rather than a video game console or arcade machine. Its defining characteristics include: more diverse and user-deter ...
,
game engine
A game engine is a software framework primarily designed for the development of video games and generally includes relevant libraries and support programs. The "engine" terminology is similar to the term "software engine" used in the software i ...
s, or software engines are used in a sandbox-like mode to create motion pictures, recreate plays, or even publish presentations or keynotes. The archive collects a range of Machinima films from internet publishers such as
Rooster Teeth
Rooster Teeth Productions, LLC is an American digital media company headquartered in Austin, Texas. Founded in 2003 by Burnie Burns, Matt Hullum, Geoff Ramsey, Jason Saldaña, Gus Sorola, and Joel Heyman, Rooster Teeth is a subsidiary of Warner ...
and
Machinima.com
Machinima, Inc. was an American multiplatform online entertainment network owned by WarnerMedia. The company was founded in January 2000 by Hugh Hancock and was headquartered in Los Angeles, California.
It originated as a hub for its namesake, m ...
as well as independent producers. The sub-collection is a collaborative effort among the Internet Archive, the How They Got Game research project at Stanford University, the Academy of Machinima Arts and Sciences, and Machinima.com.
["Welcome to Machinima"]
{{webarchive, url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130323173619/https://archive.org/details/machinima , date=March 23, 2013 . Internet Archive.
Microfilm collection
This collection contains approximately 160,000
microfilm
Microforms are scaled-down reproductions of documents, typically either photographic film, films or paper, made for the purposes of transmission, storage, reading, and printing. Microform images are commonly reduced to about 4% or of the origin ...
ed items from a variety of libraries including the
University of Chicago Libraries
The University of Chicago (UChicago, Chicago, U of C, or UChi) is a private university, private research university in Chicago, Illinois. Its main campus is located in Chicago's Hyde Park, Chicago, Hyde Park neighborhood. The University of Chic ...
, the
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
The University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (U of I, Illinois, University of Illinois, or UIUC) is a public land-grant research university in Illinois in the twin cities of Champaign and Urbana. It is the flagship institution of the Univ ...
, the
University of Alberta
The University of Alberta, also known as U of A or UAlberta, is a public research university located in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. It was founded in 1908 by Alexander Cameron Rutherford,"A Gentleman of Strathcona – Alexander Cameron Rutherfor ...
,
Allen County Public Library
The Allen County Public Library (ACPL) is a public library system located in Fort Wayne, Allen County, Indiana, United States. Founded in 1895 as the Fort Wayne Public Library, the library served residents with 3,606 books out of a single room ...
, and the
National Technical Information Service
The National Technical Information Service (NTIS) is an agency within the U.S. Department of Commerce. The primary mission of NTIS is to collect and organize scientific, technical, engineering, and business information generated by U.S. Gover ...
.
[{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=collection%3Amicrofilm%20AND%20collection%3Aadditional_collections , title=Internet Archive Search: collection:microfilm , publisher=Internet Archive , access-date=March 20, 2014 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331224824/https://archive.org/search.php?query=collection%3Amicrofilm%20AND%20collection%3Aadditional_collections , archive-date=March 31, 2016 ][{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/details/microfilm , title=Microfilm , publisher=Internet Archive , access-date=March 20, 2014 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320180301/https://archive.org/details/microfilm , archive-date=March 20, 2014 ]
Moving image collection
{{See also, Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:Internet Archive film{{!Wikipedia list of films freely available on the Internet Archive
The Internet Archive holds a collection of approximately 3,863 feature films.
[{{cite web, title=Internet Archive Search: Collection: Feature Films , url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=collection%3Afeature_films&sort=-%2Fadditional%2Fitem%2Fdownloads , publisher=Internet Archive , access-date=March 6, 2013 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130402214317/https://archive.org/search.php?query=collection%3Afeature_films&sort=-%2Fadditional%2Fitem%2Fdownloads , archive-date=April 2, 2013 ] Additionally, the Internet Archive's Moving Image collection includes:
newsreel
A newsreel is a form of short documentary film, containing news stories and items of topical interest, that was prevalent between the 1910s and the mid 1970s. Typically presented in a cinema, newsreels were a source of current affairs, informa ...
s, classic
cartoon
A cartoon is a type of visual art that is typically drawn, frequently animated, in an unrealistic or semi-realistic style. The specific meaning has evolved over time, but the modern usage usually refers to either: an image or series of images ...
s, pro- and anti-war
propaganda
Propaganda is communication that is primarily used to influence or persuade an audience to further an agenda, which may not be objective and may be selectively presenting facts to encourage a particular synthesis or perception, or using loaded ...
, The Video Cellar Collection, Skip Elsheimer's "A.V. Geeks" collection, early television, and ephemeral material from
Prelinger Archives
The Prelinger Archives is a collection of films relating to U.S. cultural history, the evolution of the American landscape, everyday life, and social history. It was in New York City from 1982 to 2002 and is now in San Francisco.
History
The Arc ...
, such as
advertising
Advertising is the practice and techniques employed to bring attention to a product or service. Advertising aims to put a product or service in the spotlight in hopes of drawing it attention from consumers. It is typically used to promote a ...
, educational, and industrial films, as well as amateur and home movie collections.
Subcategories of this collection include:
* IA's
''Brick Films'' collection, which contains
stop-motion
Stop motion is an animated filmmaking technique in which objects are physically manipulated in small increments between individually photographed frames so that they will appear to exhibit independent motion or change when the series of frames i ...
animation filmed with
Lego
Lego ( , ; stylized as LEGO) is a line of plastic construction toys that are manufactured by The Lego Group, a privately held company based in Billund, Denmark. The company's flagship product, Lego, consists of variously colored interlocking ...
bricks, some of which are "remakes" of feature films.
* IA's ''Election 2004'' collection, a non-partisan public resource for sharing video materials related to the
2004 United States presidential election
The 2004 United States presidential election was the 55th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 2, 2004. The Republican ticket of incumbent President George W. Bush and his running mate incumbent Vice President Dick Chene ...
.
* IA's ''FedFlix'' collection, Joint Venture NTIS-1832 between the National Technical Information Service and Public.Resource.Org that features "the best movies of the United States Government, from training films to history, from our national parks to the
U.S. Fire Academy and the Postal Inspectors"
[{{cite web, publisher=Internet Archive, title=FedFlix, url=https://archive.org/details=FedFlix, access-date=December 14, 2013]
* IA's ''Independent News'' collection, which includes sub-collections such as the Internet Archive's World At War competition from 2001, in which contestants created short films demonstrating "why access to history matters". Among their most-downloaded video files are eyewitness recordings of the devastating
2004 Indian Ocean earthquake
An earthquake and a tsunami, known as the Boxing Day Tsunami and, by the scientific community, the Sumatra–Andaman earthquake, occurred at 07:58:53 local time (UTC+7) on 26 December 2004, with an epicentre off the west coast of northern Suma ...
.
* IA's ''September 11 Television Archive'', which contains archival footage from the world's major television networks of the
terrorist attacks
The following is a list of terrorist incidents that have not been carried out by a state or its forces (see state terrorism and state-sponsored terrorism). Assassinations are listed at List of assassinated people.
Definitions of terrori ...
of September 11, 2001, as they unfolded on live television.
["September 11th Television Archive"]
{{webarchive, url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140403154832/https://archive.org/details/sept_11_tv_archive , date=April 3, 2014 . Internet Archive.
Open Educational Resources
{{see also, Open educational resources
Open Educational Resources is a digital collection at archive.org. This collection contains hundreds of free courses, video lectures, and supplemental materials from universities in the United States and
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
. The contributors of this collection are
ArsDigita University
ArsDigita, LLC, was a web development company founded in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1997. The company produced a popular open source toolkit, the ArsDigita Community System (ACS), for building database-backed community websites, and flourished ...
,
Hewlett Foundation
The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, commonly known as the Hewlett Foundation, is a private foundation, established by Hewlett-Packard cofounder William Redington Hewlett and his wife Flora Lamson Hewlett in 1966. The Hewlett Foundation aw ...
,
MIT
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private land-grant research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Established in 1861, MIT has played a key role in the development of modern technology and science, and is one of the m ...
,
Monterey Institute
The Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey (MIIS), formerly known as the Monterey Institute of International Studies, is an American graduate school of Middlebury College, a private college in Middlebury, Vermont.
Established ...
, and
Naropa University
Naropa University is a private university in Boulder, Colorado. Founded in 1974 by Tibetan Buddhist teacher Chögyam Trungpa, it is named for the 11th-century Indian Buddhist sage Naropa, an abbot of Nalanda. The university describes itself as B ...
.
[{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/details/education , title=Download & Streaming : Open Educational Resources : Internet Archive , publisher=Internet Archive , access-date=June 17, 2014 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702122916/https://archive.org/details/education , archive-date=July 2, 2014 ]
TV News Search & Borrow
In September 2012, the Internet Archive launched the TV News Search & Borrow service for searching U.S. national news programs.
[{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/details/tv/ , title=TV NEWS : Search Captions. Borrow Broadcasts : TV Archive : Internet Archive , publisher=Internet Archive , access-date=April 13, 2013 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130420214957/https://archive.org/details/tv , archive-date=April 20, 2013 ] The service is built on closed captioning transcripts and allows users to search and stream 30-second video clips. Upon launch, the service contained "350,000 news programs collected over 3 years from national U.S. networks and stations in San Francisco and Washington D.C." According to Kahle, the service was inspired by the
Vanderbilt Television News Archive
The Vanderbilt Television News Archive, founded in August 1968, maintains a library of televised network news programs. It is a unit of the Jean and Alexander Heard Library of Vanderbilt University, a private research university located in Nashvil ...
, a similar library of televised network news programs. In contrast to Vanderbilt, which limits access to streaming video to individuals associated with subscribing colleges and universities, the TV News Search & Borrow allows open access to its streaming video clips. In 2013, the Archive received an additional donation of "approximately 40,000 well-organized tapes" from the estate of a
Philadelphia
Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the sixth-largest city in the U.S., the second-largest city in both the Northeast megalopolis and Mid-Atlantic regions after New York City. Sinc ...
woman,
Marion Stokes
Marion Marguerite Stokes ( Butler; November 25, 1929December 14, 2012) was a Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, access television producer, civil rights demonstrator, activist, librarian, and prolific archivist, especially known for her compulsive ho ...
. Stokes "had recorded more than 35 years of TV news in Philadelphia and
Boston
Boston (), officially the City of Boston, is the state capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, as well as the cultural and financial center of the New England region of the United States. It is the 24th- mo ...
with her
VHS and
Betamax
Betamax (also known as Beta, as in its logo) is a consumer-level analog recording and cassette format of magnetic tape for video, commonly known as a video cassette recorder. It was developed by Sony and was released in Japan on May 10, 1975, ...
machines."
Miscellaneous collections
Brooklyn Museum
This collection contains approximately 3,000 items from
Brooklyn Museum
The Brooklyn Museum is an art museum located in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. At , the museum is New York City's second largest and contains an art collection with around 1.5 million objects. Located near the Prospect Heights, Crown H ...
.
[{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/details/brooklynmuseum , title=Brooklyn Museum: Free Image : Download & Streaming : Internet Archive , publisher=Internet Archive , access-date=December 4, 2014 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103140547/https://archive.org/details/brooklynmuseum , archive-date=January 3, 2015 ]
Michelson library
In December 2020, the film research library of
Lillian Michelson
Lillian Michelson (born June 21, 1928) is an American film scholar and research librarian.
History Childhood
Born in an abusive family, Michelson moved through multiple orphanages in Miami during her childhood. She noted in interviews that it was ...
was donated to the archive.
Other services and endeavors
Physical media
Voicing a strong reaction to the idea of books simply being thrown away, and inspired by the
Svalbard Global Seed Vault
The Svalbard Global Seed Vault ( no, Svalbard globale frøhvelv) is a secure backup facility for the world's crop diversity on the Norwegian island of Spitsbergen in the remote Arctic Svalbard archipelago. The Seed Vault provides long-term stora ...
, Kahle now envisions collecting one copy of every book ever published. "We're not going to get there, but that's our goal", he said. Alongside the books, Kahle plans to store the Internet Archive's old servers, which were replaced in 2010.
Software
The Internet Archive has "the largest collection of historical software online in the world", spanning 50 years of
computer history
The history of computing hardware covers the developments from early simple devices to aid calculation to modern day computers. Before the 20th century, most calculations were done by humans.
The first aids to computation were purely mechanic ...
in
terabyte
The byte is a units of information, unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits. Historically, the byte was the number of bits used to encode a single character (computing), character of text in a computer and for this ...
s of computer magazines and journals, books,
shareware
Shareware is a type of proprietary software that is initially shared by the owner for trial use at little or no cost. Often the software has limited functionality or incomplete documentation until the user sends payment to the software developer ...
discs, FTP sites,
video game
Video games, also known as computer games, are electronic games that involves interaction with a user interface or input device such as a joystick, controller, keyboard, or motion sensing device to generate visual feedback. This fee ...
s, etc. The Internet Archive has created an archive of what it describes as "vintage software", as a way to preserve them.
[{{cite web , url=https://archive.org/details/clasp , title=The Internet Archive Classic Software Preservation Project , publisher=Internet Archive , access-date=October 21, 2007, archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071019034848/https://archive.org/details/clasp, archive-date= October 19, 2007 , url-status= live] The project advocated for an exemption from the United States
Digital Millennium Copyright Act
The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) is a 1998 United States copyright law that implements two 1996 treaties of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). It criminalizes production and dissemination of technology, devices, or s ...
to permit them to bypass
copy protection
Copy protection, also known as content protection, copy prevention and copy restriction, describes measures to enforce copyright by preventing the reproduction of software, films, music, and other media.
Copy protection is most commonly found on ...
, which was approved in 2003 for a period of three years.
[{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/about/dmca.php, title=Internet Archive Gets DMCA Exemption To Help Archive Vintage Software, access-date=October 21, 2007, archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071020011825/https://archive.org/about/dmca.php, archive-date= October 20, 2007 , url-status= live] The Archive does not offer the software for download, as the exemption is solely "for the purpose of preservation or archival reproduction of published digital works by a library or archive." The exemption was renewed in 2006, and in 2009 was indefinitely extended pending further rulemakings. The Library reiterated the exemption as a "Final Rule" with no expiration date in 2010.
[{{cite journal, url=https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2010/07/27/2010-18339/exemption-to-prohibition-on-circumvention-of-copyright-protection-systems-for-access-control , title=Exemption to Prohibition on Circumvention of Copyright Protection Systems for Access Control Technologies , author=Library of Congress Copyright Office , journal=Federal Register , date=July 27, 2010 , volume=75 , issue=143 , pages=43825–43839 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627172044/https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2010/07/27/2010-18339/exemption-to-prohibition-on-circumvention-of-copyright-protection-systems-for-access-control , archive-date=June 27, 2015 ] In 2013, the Internet Archive began to provide
abandonware
Abandonware is a product, typically software, ignored by its owner and manufacturer, and for which no official support is available.
Within an intellectual rights contextual background, abandonware is a software (or hardware) sub-case of the g ...
video games
browser-playable via
MESS
The mess (also called a mess deck aboard ships) is a designated area where military personnel socialize, eat and (in some cases) live. The term is also used to indicate the groups of military personnel who belong to separate messes, such as the o ...
, for instance the
Atari 2600
The Atari 2600, initially branded as the Atari Video Computer System (Atari VCS) from its release until November 1982, is a home video game console developed and produced by Atari, Inc. Released in September 1977, it popularized microprocessor- ...
game
''E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial''. Since December 23, 2014, the Internet Archive presents, via a browser-based
DOSBox
DOSBox is a free and open-source emulator which runs software for MS-DOS compatible disk operating systems—primarily video games. It was first released in 2002, when DOS technology was becoming obsolete. Its adoption for running DOS games i ...
emulation, thousands of
DOS
DOS is shorthand for the MS-DOS and IBM PC DOS family of operating systems.
DOS may also refer to:
Computing
* Data over signalling (DoS), multiplexing data onto a signalling channel
* Denial-of-service attack (DoS), an attack on a communicat ...
/PC games
[collection:softwarelibrary_msdos]
{{webarchive, url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150628201230/https://archive.org/search.php?query=collection%3Asoftwarelibrary_msdos&page=1 , date=June 28, 2015 in the Internet Archive (December 29, 2014) for "scholarship and research purposes only".
[{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/about/terms.php , title=Internet Archive's Terms of Use, Privacy Policy, and Copyright Policy , date=December 31, 2014 , access-date=January 8, 2015 , quote=''Access to the Archive's Collections is provided at no cost to you and is granted for scholarship and research purposes only.'' , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103160557/https://archive.org/about/terms.php , archive-date=January 3, 2015 ] In November 2020, the Archive introduced a new emulator for
Adobe Flash
Adobe Flash (formerly Macromedia Flash and FutureSplash) is a multimedia Computing platform, software platform used for production of Flash animation, animations, rich web applications, application software, desktop applications, mobile apps, mo ...
called
Ruffle
Ruffle or ruffles may refer to:
* Ruffle (sewing), a gathered or pleated strip of fabric
*Ruffle (software), a Flash Player emulator written in the Rust programming language
*Ruffles (potato chips), a brand of potato chips
*Ruffles and flourishes ...
, and began archiving Flash animations and games ahead of the December 31, 2020 end-of-life for the Flash plugin across all computer systems.
{{Anchor, ttscribeTable Top Scribe System
A combined hardware software system has been developed that performs a safe method of digitizing content.
[{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/details/tabletopscribesystem, access-date=October 23, 2018, title=Table Top Scribe System, website=Internet Archive, url-status=live, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010084141/https://archive.org/details/tabletopscribesystem, archive-date=October 10, 2018][{{cite web, url=https://www.linux.com/news/linux-help-library-congress-save-american-history, title=Linux to help the Library of Congress save American history, first=Michael, last=Stutz, publisher=The Linux foundation, website=Linux.com, date=March 28, 2007, url-status=live, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171023085241/https://www.linux.com/news/linux-help-library-congress-save-american-history, archive-date=October 23, 2017]
Credit Union
From 2012 to November 2015, the Internet Archive operated the Internet Archive Federal Credit Union, a
federal credit union
A credit union, a type of financial institution similar to a commercial bank, is a member-owned nonprofit financial cooperative. Credit unions generally provide services to members similar to retail banks, including deposit accounts, provisio ...
based in
New Brunswick, New Jersey
New Brunswick is a city (New Jersey), city in and the county seat, seat of government of Middlesex County, New Jersey, Middlesex County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.[National Credit Union Administration
The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) is a government-backed insurer of credit unions in the United States, one of two agencies that provide deposit insurance to depositors in U.S. depository institutions, the other being the Federa ...]
, which severely limited the IAFCU's loan portfolio and concerns over serving
Bitcoin
Bitcoin ( abbreviation: BTC; sign: ₿) is a decentralized digital currency that can be transferred on the peer-to-peer bitcoin network. Bitcoin transactions are verified by network nodes through cryptography and recorded in a public distr ...
firms. At the time of its dissolution, it consisted of 395 members and was worth $2.5 million.
Controversies, legal disputes, and activism
{{see also, Wayback Machine#In legal evidence
Grateful Dead
In November 2005, free downloads of
Grateful Dead
The Grateful Dead was an American rock music, rock band formed in 1965 in Palo Alto, California. The band is known for its eclectic style, which fused elements of rock, Folk music, folk, country music, country, jazz, bluegrass music, bluegrass, ...
concerts were removed from the site.
John Perry Barlow
John Perry Barlow (October 3, 1947February 7, 2018) was an American poet, essayist, cattle rancher, and cyberlibertarian political activist who had been associated with both the Democratic and Republican parties. He was also a lyricist for the ...
identified
Bob Weir
Robert Hall Weir ( ; né Parber, born October 16, 1947) is an American musician and songwriter best known as a founding member of the Grateful Dead. After the group disbanded in 1995, Weir performed with The Other Ones, later known as The Dead ...
,
Mickey Hart
Mickey Hart (born Michael Steven Hartman, September 11, 1943) is an American percussionist. He is best known as one of the two drummers of the rock band Grateful Dead. He was a member of the Grateful Dead from September 1967 until February 19 ...
, and
Bill Kreutzmann
William Kreutzmann Jr. ( ; born May 7, 1946) is an American drummer and founding member of the rock band Grateful Dead. He played with the band for its entire thirty-year career, usually alongside fellow drummer Mickey Hart, and has continued ...
as the instigators of the change, according to an article in ''
The New York Times
''The New York Times'' (''the Times'', ''NYT'', or the Gray Lady) is a daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership reported in 2020 to comprise a declining 840,000 paid print subscribers, and a growing 6 million paid ...
''.
[{{cite news, first1=Jeff , last1=Leeds , first2=Jesse Fox , last2=Mayshark , title=Wrath of Deadheads stalls a Web crackdown , url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/01/technology/01iht-deadheads.html , newspaper=]The New York Times
''The New York Times'' (''the Times'', ''NYT'', or the Gray Lady) is a daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership reported in 2020 to comprise a declining 840,000 paid print subscribers, and a growing 6 million paid ...
, date=December 1, 2005 , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508194949/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/01/technology/01iht-deadheads.html , archive-date=May 8, 2015 Phil Lesh
Philip Chapman Lesh (born March 15, 1940) is an American musician and a founding member of the Grateful Dead, with whom he played bass guitar throughout their 30-year career.
After the band's disbanding in 1995, Lesh continued the tradition of ...
commented on the change in a November 30, 2005, posting to his personal web site:
{{blockquote, It was brought to my attention that all of the Grateful Dead shows were taken down from Archive.org right before
Thanksgiving
Thanksgiving is a national holiday celebrated on various dates in the United States, Canada, Grenada, Saint Lucia, Liberia, and unofficially in countries like Brazil and Philippines. It is also observed in the Netherlander town of Leiden and ...
. I was not part of this decision making process and was not notified that the shows were to be pulled. I do feel that the music is the Grateful Dead's legacy and I hope that one way or another all of it is available for those who want it.
[{{cite web, url = http://www.phillesh.net/philzonepages/friends_stuff/hotline-051130.html, title = An Announcement from Phil Lesh, first= Phil , last=Lesh, author-link = Phil Lesh, date = November 30, 2005, type=blog, work = Hotline, publisher = PhilLesh.net , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070715072102/http://www.phillesh.net/philzonepages/friends_stuff/hotline-051130.html, archive-date=July 15, 2007]
A November 30 forum post from
Brewster Kahle
Brewster Lurton Kahle ( ; born October 21, 1960)[Alexa Internet profile](_blank)
, via juggle.com. accessed Novemb ...
summarized what appeared to be the compromise reached among the band members. Audience recordings could be downloaded or streamed, but
soundboard recordings were to be available for streaming only. Concerts have since been re-added.
[{{cite web, url=https://archive.org/post/49553/good-news-and-an-apology-gd-on-the-internet-archive , title=Good News and an Apology: GD on the Internet Archive , first1=Brewster , last1=Kahle , first2=Matt , last2=Vernon , date=December 1, 2005 , work=Live Music Archive Forum , publisher=Internet Archive , url-status=live , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140806205924/https://archive.org/post/49553/good-news-and-an-apology-gd-on-the-internet-archive , archive-date=August 6, 2014 ''Authors and date indicate the first posting in the forum thread''.]
National security letters
{{Anchor, National security letter
{{multiple image
, width = 160
, image1 = EFF-IA National security letter.pdf
, image2 = EFF-IA National security letter.pdf{{!page=2
, footer = A
national security letter
A national security letter (NSL) is an administrative subpoena issued by the United States government to gather information for national security purposes. NSLs do not require prior approval from a judge. The Stored Communications Act, Fair Cred ...
issued to the Internet Archive demanding information about a user
, direction = horizontal
On May 8, 2008, it was revealed that the Internet Archive had successfully challenged an
FBI
The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the domestic Intelligence agency, intelligence and Security agency, security service of the United States and its principal Federal law enforcement in the United States, federal law enforcement age ...
national security letter
A national security letter (NSL) is an administrative subpoena issued by the United States government to gather information for national security purposes. NSLs do not require prior approval from a judge. The Stored Communications Act, Fair Cred ...
asking for logs on an undisclosed user.
On November 28, 2016, it was revealed that a second FBI national security letter had been successfully challenged that had been asking for logs on another undisclosed user.
Opposition to SOPA and PIPA bills
The Internet Archive blacked out its web site for 12 hours on January 18, 2012, in protest of the
Stop Online Piracy Act
The Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) was a controversial proposed United States congressional bill to expand the ability of U.S. law enforcement to combat online copyright infringement and online trafficking in counterfeit goods. Introduced on Oc ...
and the
PROTECT IP Act bills, two pieces of legislation in the
United States Congress
The United States Congress is the legislature of the federal government of the United States. It is bicameral, composed of a lower body, the House of Representatives, and an upper body, the Senate. It meets in the U.S. Capitol in Washing ...
that they claimed would "negatively affect the ecosystem of web publishing that led to the emergence of the Internet Archive". This occurred in conjunction with the
English Wikipedia blackout
On January 18, 2012, a series of coordinated protests occurred against two proposed laws in the United States Congress—the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) and the PROTECT IP Act (PIPA). These followed smaller protests in late 2011. Protests we ...
, as well as
numerous other protests across the Internet.
Opposition to Google Books settlement
The Internet Archive is a member of the
Open Book Alliance The Open Book Alliance was an organization formed in 2009 to contest the Google Book Search Settlement, which it believed could allow Google, the Association of American Publishers and the Authors Guild collectively "to monopolize the access, distr ...
, which has been among the most outspoken critics of the
Google Book Settlement
''Authors Guild v. Google'' 721 F.3d 132 (2d Cir. 2015) was a copyright case heard in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, and on appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit between 2005 ...
. The Archive advocates an alternative digital library project.
''Nintendo Power'' magazine
In February 2016, Internet Archive users had begun archiving digital copies of ''
Nintendo Power
''Nintendo Power'' was a video game news and strategy magazine from Nintendo of America, first published in July/August 1988 as Nintendo's official print magazine for North America. The magazine's publication was initially done monthly by Ninten ...
'',
Nintendo
is a Japanese Multinational corporation, multinational video game company headquartered in Kyoto, Japan. It develops video games and video game consoles.
Nintendo was founded in 1889 as by craftsman Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produce ...
's official magazine for their games and products, which ran from 1988 to 2012. The first 140 issues had been collected, before Nintendo had the archive removed on August 8, 2016. In response to the take-down, Nintendo told gaming website ''
Polygon
In geometry, a polygon () is a plane figure that is described by a finite number of straight line segments connected to form a closed ''polygonal chain'' (or ''polygonal circuit''). The bounded plane region, the bounding circuit, or the two toge ...
'', "
intendo
''Intendo'' is a compilation album by Scottish rock band Bis. It is a collection of non-album tracks plus one new song as a gift to the American market. It was released on both CD and 12-inch vinyl.
The compilation collects material from the " ...
must protect our own characters, trademarks and other content. The unapproved use of Nintendo's intellectual property can weaken our ability to protect and preserve it, or to possibly use it for new projects".
Government of India
In August 2017, the
Department of Telecommunications
The Department of Telecommunications, abbreviated to DoT, is a Ministry (government department), department of the Ministry of Communications (India), Ministry of Communications of the executive branch of the Government of India.
History
Telecom ...
of the
Government of India
The Government of India (ISO: ; often abbreviated as GoI), known as the Union Government or Central Government but often simply as the Centre, is the national government of the Republic of India, a federal democracy located in South Asia, c ...
blocked the Internet Archive along with other file-sharing websites, in accordance with two court orders issued by the
Madras High Court
The Madras High Court is a High Court in India. It has appellate jurisdiction over the state of Tamil Nadu and the union territory of Puducherry. It is located in Chennai, and is the third oldest high court of India after the Calcutta High C ...
,
[{{cite web , title=Indian ISP Ban on Wayback Machine Lifted? Confirmation Awaited , url=https://www.guidingtech.com/70862/wayback-machine-ban-india-internet-archive/ , publisher=Guiding Tech , access-date=12 April 2020 , date=9 August 2017 , archive-date=April 12, 2020 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412131313/https://www.guidingtech.com/70862/wayback-machine-ban-india-internet-archive/ , url-status=live ] citing piracy concerns after copies of two
Bollywood
Hindi cinema, popularly known as Bollywood and formerly as Bombay cinema, refers to the film industry based in Mumbai, engaged in production of motion pictures in Hindi language. The popular term Bollywood, is a portmanteau of "Bombay" (fo ...
films were allegedly shared via the service. The
HTTP
The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application layer protocol in the Internet protocol suite model for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. HTTP is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web, ...
version of the Archive was blocked but it remained accessible using the
HTTPS
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) is an extension of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). It is used for secure communication over a computer network, and is widely used on the Internet. In HTTPS, the communication protocol is enc ...
protocol.
Turkey
{{See also, Censorship in Turkey
On October 9, 2016, the Internet Archive was temporarily blocked in
Turkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...
after it was used (amongst other file hosting services) by hackers to host 17 GB of leaked government emails.
Hosting of terrorist material
In May 2018, a report published by the cyber-security firm ''Flashpoint'' stated that the
Islamic State
An Islamic state is a State (polity), state that has a form of government based on sharia, Islamic law (sharia). As a term, it has been used to describe various historical Polity, polities and theories of governance in the Islamic world. As a t ...
was using the Internet Archive to share its propaganda.
[{{cite web, access-date=6 February 2022, title=IS propaganda 'hidden on Internet Archive', date=15 May 2018, last=Kelion, first=Leo, publisher=BBC News, url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-44112431, archive-date=February 6, 2022, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206225416/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-44112431, url-status=live] Chris Butler, from the Internet Archive, responded that they regularly spoke to the US and EU governments about sharing information on terrorism.
[
In April 2019, Europol, acting on a referral from French police, asked the Internet Archive to remove 550 sites of "terrorist propaganda".][{{cite web, access-date=6 February 2022, title=Internet Archive denies hosting 'terrorist' content, date=12 April 2019, publisher=BBC News, url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-47908220, archive-date=February 6, 2022, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206225410/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-47908220, url-status=live] The Archive rejected the request, saying that the reports were wrong about the content they pointed to, or were too broad for the organization to comply with.[
In January 2022, a former ]UCLA
The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) is a public land-grant research university in Los Angeles, California. UCLA's academic roots were established in 1881 as a teachers college then known as the southern branch of the California St ...
lecturer uploaded an 800-page manifesto, containing racist ideas and threats against UCLA staff, to the Internet Archive.[{{cite news, url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/bvn5g3/archivists-are-putting-terrorist-manifestos-online-should-they-stay-there, title=Archivists Are Putting Terrorist Manifestos Online. Should They Stay There?, last=Woodcock, first=Claire, date=14 February 2022, access-date=2 March 2022, publisher=Vice, archive-date=March 2, 2022, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302220806/https://www.vice.com/en/article/bvn5g3/archivists-are-putting-terrorist-manifestos-online-should-they-stay-there, url-status=live] The manifesto was removed by the Internet Archive after a week, amidst discussion about whether such documents should be preserved by archivists or not.[
]
National Emergency Library
In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic, also known as the coronavirus pandemic, is an ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The novel virus was first identif ...
which closed many schools, universities, and libraries, the Archive announced on March 24, 2020, that it was creating the National Emergency Library by removing the lending restrictions it had in place for 1.4 million digitized books in its Open Library but otherwise limiting users to the number of books they could check out and enforcing their return; normally, the site would only allow one digital lending for each physical copy of the book they had, by use of an encrypted file that would become unusable after the lending period was completed. This Library would remain as such until at least June 30, 2020, or until the US national emergency was over, whichever came later. At launch, the Internet Archive allowed authors and rightholders to submit opt-out requests for their works to be omitted from the National Emergency Library.[{{Cite web , title=Internet Archive responds: Why we released the National Emergency Library , url=https://blog.archive.org/2020/03/30/internet-archive-responds-why-we-released-the-national-emergency-library/ , last=Freeland , first=Chris , date=2020-03-30 , website=Internet Archive Blogs , language=en-US , access-date=2020-05-26]
The Internet Archive said the National Emergency Library addressed an "unprecedented global and immediate need for access to reading and research material" due to the closures of physical libraries worldwide. They justified the move in a number of ways. Legally, they said they were promoting access to those inaccessible resources, which they claimed was an exercise in fair use
Fair use is a doctrine in United States law that permits limited use of copyrighted material without having to first acquire permission from the copyright holder. Fair use is one of the limitations to copyright intended to balance the interests ...
principles. The Archive continued implementing their controlled digital lending
Controlled digital lending (CDL) is a model by which libraries digitize materials in their collection and make them available for lending. It is based on interpretations of the United States copyright principles of fair use and copyright exhaust ...
policy that predated the National Emergency Library, meaning they still encrypted the lent copies and it was no easier for users to create new copies of the books than before. An ultimate determination of whether or not the National Emergency Library constituted fair use could only be made by a court. Morally, they also pointed out that the Internet Archive was a registered library like any other, that they either paid for the books themselves or received them as donations, and that lending through libraries predated copyright restrictions.
However, the Archive had already been criticized by authors and publishers for its prior lending approach, and upon announcement of the National Emergency Library, authors, publishers, and groups representing both took further issue, equating the move to copyright infringement
Copyright infringement (at times referred to as piracy) is the use of works protected by copyright without permission for a usage where such permission is required, thereby infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, s ...
and digital piracy, and using the COVID-19 pandemic as a reason to push the boundaries of copyright (see also: {{slink, Open Library#Copyright violation accusations). After the works of some of these authors were ridiculed in responses, the Internet Archive's Jason Scott
Jason Scott Sadofsky (born September 13, 1970), more commonly known as Jason Scott, is an American archivist, historian of technology, filmmaker, performer, and actor. Scott has been known by the online pseudonyms Sketch, SketchCow, The Slipped ...
requested that supporters of the National Emergency Library not denigrate anyone's books: "I realize there's strong debate and disagreement here, but books are life-giving and life-changing and these writers made them."
Publishers' lawsuit
The operation of the National Emergency Library was part of a lawsuit filed against the Internet Archive by four major book publishers – Hachette, HarperCollins, John Wiley & Sons, and Penguin Random House – in June 2020, challenging the copyright validity of the controlled digital lending program. In response, the Internet Archive closed the National Emergency Library on June 16, 2020, rather than the planned June 30, 2020, due to the lawsuit. The plaintiffs, supported by the Copyright Alliance
The Copyright Alliance is a nonprofit, nonpartisan 501(c)(4) organization representing artistic creators across a broad range of copyright disciplines.
The Copyright Alliance's institutional members include more than sixty trade organizations, a ...
, claimed in their lawsuit that the Internet Archive's actions constituted a "willful mass copyright infringement". In August 2020 the lawsuit trial was tentatively scheduled to begin in November 2021. By June 2022, both parties to the case requested summary judgment for the case, each favoring their respective sides, which Judge John G. Koeltl approved of a summary judgment hearing to take place later in 2022.
Senator Thom Tillis
Thomas Roland Tillis (born August 30, 1960) is an American politician serving as the junior United States senator from North Carolina since 2015. A Republican, he was elected to the North Carolina House of Representatives in 2006, and began servi ...
of North Carolina, chairman of the intellectual property subcommittee on the Senate Judiciary Committee, said in a letter to the Internet Archive that he was "concerned that the Internet Archive thinks that it—not Congress—gets to determine the scope of copyright law".[{{cite news , last1=Harris , first1=Elizabeth , title=Internet Archive Will End Its Program for Free E-Books , url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/11/books/internet-archive-national-emergency-library-coronavirus.html , access-date=15 June 2020 , publisher=NY Times , date=11 June 2020 , archive-date=June 15, 2020 , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615094026/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/11/books/internet-archive-national-emergency-library-coronavirus.html , url-status=live ]
As part of its response to the publishers' lawsuit, in late 2020 the Archive launched a campaign called Empowering Libraries (hashtag #EmpoweringLibraries) that portrayed the lawsuit as a threat to all libraries.
In a 2021 preprint
In academic publishing, a preprint is a version of a scholarly or scientific paper that precedes formal peer review and publication in a peer-reviewed scholarly or scientific journal. The preprint may be available, often as a non-typeset versio ...
article, Argyri Panezi argued that the case "presents two important, but separate questions related to the electronic access to library works; first, it raises questions around the legal practice of digital lending, and second, it asks whether emergency use of copyrighted material might be fair use" and argued that libraries have a public service role to enable "future generations to keep having equal access—or opportunities to access—a plurality of original sources".
In December 2020, ''Publishers Weekly
''Publishers Weekly'' (''PW'') is an American weekly trade news magazine targeted at publishers, librarians, booksellers, and literary agents. Published continuously since 1872, it has carried the tagline, "The International News Magazine of B ...
'' included the lawsuit among its "Top 10 Library Stories of 2020".
Wayforward Machine
On 30 September 2021, as a part of its 25th anniversary celebration, Internet Archive launched the "Wayforward Machine", a satirical
Satire is a genre of the visual, literary, and performing arts, usually in the form of fiction and less frequently non-fiction, in which vices, follies, abuses, and shortcomings are held up to ridicule, often with the intent of shaming or e ...
, fictional website covered with pop-ups asking for personal information. The site was intended to depict a fiction
Fiction is any creative work, chiefly any narrative work, portraying individuals, events, or places that are imaginary, or in ways that are imaginary. Fictional portrayals are thus inconsistent with history, fact, or plausibility. In a traditi ...
al dystopia
A dystopia (from Ancient Greek δυσ- "bad, hard" and τόπος "place"; alternatively cacotopiaCacotopia (from κακός ''kakos'' "bad") was the term used by Jeremy Bentham in his 1818 Plan of Parliamentary Reform (Works, vol. 3, p. 493). ...
n timeline of real-world events leading to such a future, such as the repeal of Section 230
Section 230 is a section of Title 47 of the United States Code that was enacted as part of the United States Communications Decency Act and generally provides immunity for website platforms with respect to third-party content. At its core, Sect ...
of the United States Code
In the law of the United States, the Code of Laws of the United States of America (variously abbreviated to Code of Laws of the United States, United States Code, U.S. Code, U.S.C., or USC) is the official compilation and codification of the ...
in 2022 and the introduction of advertising implants in 2041. There are plans to remove Wayforward Machine in 2022, after Internet Archive's 25th anniversary celebration. {{Update after, 2022 {{Citation Needed, date=December 2022
Ceramic archivists collection
The Great Room of the Internet Archive features a collection of more than 100 ceramic figures representing employees of the Internet Archive. This collection, inspired by the statues of the Xian warriors in China, was commissioned by Brewster Kahle, sculpted by Nuala Creed
Nuala Creed (born in 1954 in Dublin, Ireland) is a ceramic sculptor living in Northern California, United States. She is known for a series of over 120 Ceramic Archivists, on display as a permanent collection at the Internet Archive in San Franci ...
, and is ongoing.
Artists in residence
The Internet Archive visual arts residency, organized by Amir Saber Esfahani, is designed to connect emerging and mid-career artists with the Archive's millions of collections and to show what is possible when open access to information
Access may refer to:
Companies and organizations
* ACCESS (Australia), an Australian youth network
* Access (credit card), a former credit card in the United Kingdom
* Access Co., a Japanese software company
* Access Healthcare, an Indian BPO se ...
intersects with the arts. During this one-year residency, selected artists develop a body of work that responds to and utilizes the Archive's collections in their own practice.[{{Cite web, url=https://blog.archive.org/2019/06/22/the-internet-archives-2019-artist-in-residency-exhibition/, title=The Internet Archive's 2019 Artists in Residency Exhibition {{! Internet Archive Blogs, date=June 22, 2019, language=en-US, access-date=August 1, 2019, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731232042/https://blog.archive.org/2019/06/22/the-internet-archives-2019-artist-in-residency-exhibition/, archive-date=July 31, 2019, url-status=live]
2019 Residency Artists: Caleb Duarte
Caleb Duarte Piñon (ka-leb) is an American multidisciplinary artist who works with construction type materials, site-specific community performance, painting, and social sculpture and social practices.
Early life and education
Caleb Duarte ...
, Whitney Lynn
Whitney Lynn is an American contemporary artist and academic. Much of her work is sculptural and performance-based, incorporating found objects and materials from various cultural and historical sources. Her work deals with topics of boundaries a ...
, and Jeffrey Alan Scudder.
2018 Residency Artists: Mieke Marple, Chris Sollars, and Taravat Talepasand
Taravat Talepasand (born 1979) is an Iranian-American contemporary artist, activist, and educator whose labor-intensive interdisciplinary painting practice including drawing, sculpture, and installation questions normative cultural behaviors withi ...
.
2017 Residency Artists: Laura Kim, Jeremiah Jenkins, and Jenny Odell
See also
{{Portal, Internet, History
{{div col, colwidth=20em
* List of online image archives
This is an incomplete list of notable online image archives, including both image hosting websites like Flickr and archives hosted by libraries and other academic or historical institutions.
List of archives
See also
* Commons:Free ...
* Public domain music
Public domain music is music to which no exclusive intellectual property rights apply.
Background
The length of copyright protection varies from country to country, but music, along with most other creative works, generally enters the public do ...
{{div col end
Similar projects
{{div col, colwidth=20em
* archive.today
archive.today (or archive.is) is a web archiving site, founded in 2012, that saves snapshots on demand, and has support for JavaScript-heavy sites such as Google Maps and progressive web apps such as Twitter. archive.today records two snaps ...
* Internet Memory Foundation
The Internet Memory Foundation (formerly the European Archive Foundation) was a non-profitable foundation whose purpose was archiving content of the World Wide Web. It supported projects and research that included the preservation and protection ...
* LibriVox
LibriVox is a group of worldwide volunteers who read and record public domain texts, creating free public domain audiobooks for download from their website and other digital library hosting sites on the internet. It was founded in 2005 by Hugh Mc ...
* (NDIIPP)
* National Digital Library Program
The Library of Congress National Digital Library Program (NDLP) is assembling a digital library of reproductions of primary source materials to support the study of the history and culture of the United States. Begun in 1995 after a five-year p ...
(NDLP)
* Project Gutenberg
Project Gutenberg (PG) is a Virtual volunteering, volunteer effort to digitize and archive cultural works, as well as to "encourage the creation and distribution of eBooks."
It was founded in 1971 by American writer Michael S. Hart and is the ...
* UK Government Web Archive
The UK Government Web Archive (UKGWA) is part of The National Archives of the United Kingdom. The National Archives collects records from all UK government departments and bodies creating records defined as Public Records under the British Publi ...
at The National Archives (United Kingdom)
, type = Non-ministerial department
, seal =
, nativename =
, logo = Logo_of_The_National_Archives_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg
, logo_width = 150px
, logo_caption =
, formed =
, preceding1 =
, dissolved =
, superseding =
, juris ...
* UK Web Archive
The UK Web Archive is a consortium of the six UK legal deposit libraries which aims to collect all UK websites at least once each year.
History
In 2005, the British Library, The National Archives, Wellcome Trust, National Library of Scotland, ...
* WebCite
WebCite was an on-demand archive site, designed to digitally preserve scientific and educationally important material on the web by taking snapshots of Internet contents as they existed at the time when a blogger or a scholar cited or quoted ...
{{div col end
Other
{{div col, colwidth=20em
* Anna's Archive
Anna's Archive is a free Non-profit organization, non-profit online shadow library metasearch engine providing access to a variety of book resources (also via InterPlanetary File System, IPFS), created by a team of anonymous archivists (referre ...
* Archive Team
Archive Team is a group dedicated to digital preservation and web archiving that was co-founded by Jason Scott in 2009.
Its primary focus is the copying and preservation of content housed by at-risk online services. Some of its projects include ...
* Digital dark age
The digital dark age is a lack of historical information in the digital age as a direct result of outdated file formats, software, or hardware that becomes corrupt, scarce, or inaccessible as technologies evolve and data decay. Future generation ...
* Digital preservation
* Heritrix
Heritrix is a web crawler designed for web archiving. It was written by the Internet Archive. It is available under a free software license and written in Java. The main interface is accessible using a web browser, and there is a command-line too ...
* Library Genesis
Library Genesis (Libgen) is a file-sharing based shadow library website for scholarly journal articles, academic and general-interest books, images, comics, audiobooks, and magazines. The site enables free access to content that is otherwise p ...
* Link rot
Link rot (also called link death, link breaking, or reference rot) is the phenomenon of hyperlinks tending over time to cease to point to their originally targeted file, web page, or server due to that resource being relocated to a new address ...
* Memory hole
A memory hole is any mechanism for the deliberate alteration or disappearance of inconvenient or embarrassing documents, photographs, transcripts or other records, such as from a website or other archive, particularly as part of an attempt to giv ...
* PetaBox
PetaBox is a storage unit from Capricorn Technologies. It was designed by the staff of the Internet Archive and C. R. Saikley to store and process one petabyte (a million gigabytes) of information.
Specifications
* Density: 1.4 PetaBytes/rack ...
* Search engine cache
Search engine cache is a cache of web pages that shows the page as it was when it was indexed by a web crawler
A Web crawler, sometimes called a spider or spiderbot and often shortened to crawler, is an Internet bot that systematically browse ...
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Notes
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* {{cite news, author=Kahle, Brewster, url=http://www.archive.org/sciam_article.html, title=Archiving the Internet, work=Scientific America, date=November 1996, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19971011050140/http://www.archive.org/sciam_article.html, archive-date=October 11, 1997
* {{cite web , url=https://blog.archive.org/2013/11/06/scanning-center-fire-please-help-rebuild/, title=Scanning Center Fire—Please Help Rebuild, author=Kahle, Brewster, website=Internet Archive Blogs, date=November 6, 2013, author-link=Brewster Kahle
* {{cite news , author=Lepore, Jill, url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/01/26/cobweb , title=The Cobweb, magazine= The New Yorker
''The New Yorker'' is an American weekly magazine featuring journalism, commentary, criticism, essays, fiction, satire, cartoons, and poetry. Founded as a weekly in 1925, the magazine is published 47 times annually, with five of these issues ...
, date= January 26, 2015, author-link=Jill Lepore
* {{cite news , author=Ringmar, Erik, url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storycode=401386 , title=Liberate and Disseminate, work=Times Higher Education Supplement, date= April 10, 2008
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