''Nepenthes vogelii'' is a tropical

pitcher plant Pitcher plants are several different carnivorous plants which have modified leaves known as pitfall traps—a prey-trapping mechanism featuring a deep cavity filled with digestive liquid. The traps of what are considered to be "true" pitcher p ...

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ...

Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, in relation to major Indonesian islands, it is located north of Java, west of Sulawesi, and eas ...

. It is thought to be most closely related to '' N. fusca''.

Botanical history

The first known collection of ''N. vogelii'' was made in 1961 on

Mount Api Mount Api ( ms, Gunung Api) is a limestone mountain located in Gunung Mulu National Park in Sarawak, Malaysia. Neighbouring Mount Benarat and Mount Buda are part of the same formation. Mount Api is famous for its striking limestone karst format ...

Gunung Mulu National Park The Gunung Mulu National Park is a national park in Miri Division, Sarawak, Malaysia. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that encompasses caves and karst formations in a mountainous equatorial rainforest setting. The park is famous for its cav ...

by forest botanist J. A. R. Anderson. The material, labelled as '' N. fusca'', was deposited at the Sarawak Forestry Department

herbarium A herbarium (plural: herbaria) is a collection of preserved plant specimens and associated data used for scientific study. The specimens may be whole plants or plant parts; these will usually be in dried form mounted on a sheet of paper (called ...

.Phillipps, A., A. Lamb & C.C. Lee 2008. ''

Pitcher Plants of Borneo ''Pitcher-Plants of Borneo'' is a monograph by Anthea Phillipps and Anthony Lamb on the tropical pitcher plants of Borneo. It was first published in 1996 by Natural History Publications (Borneo), in association with the Royal Botanic Gardens, Ke ...

''. Second Edition. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. In 1969, botanist

Shigeo Kurata is a Japanese botanist and '' Nepenthes'' taxonomist whose work in the 1960s and 1970s contributed much to the current popularity of these plants.Clarke, C.M. & C.C. Lee 2004. ''Pitcher Plants of Sarawak''. Natural History Publications (Borneo), ...

examined this specimen and noted that it did not fall within the known variation exhibited by ''N. fusca''. ''Nepenthes vogelii'' was formally described in 2002 by Andre Schuiteman and Eduard Ferdinand de Vogel. The description was published in the botanical journal ''

Blumea ''Blumea'' is a genus of flowering plants of the family Asteraceae. Characteristics Genus ''Blumea'' is found in the tropical and sub-tropical zones of Asia, especially the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia. A few species are found in Aust ...

''Schuiteman, A. & E.F. de Vogel 2002. ''Nepenthes vogelii'' (Nepenthaceae): a new species from Sarawak. ''Blumea'' 47(3): 537–540. and is based on a single cultivated specimen, ''A.Vogel, A.Schuiteman & T.Roelfsema 981037'' (

SAR SAR or Sar may refer to: Places * Sar (river), Galicia, Spain * Sar, Bahrain, a residential district * Sar, Iran (disambiguation), several places in Iran * Sar, Tibet, Tibet Autonomous Region of China * Šar Mountains, in southeastern Europe ...

).Schlauer, J. 2006
''Nepenthes''
. Carnivorous Plant Database. This specimen was collected as a seedling in the

Kelabit Highlands The Kelabit Highlands are a mountain range located in the northernmost part of Sarawak, Malaysia in the Miri Division. It hosts the Bario village. The highest mountains in this range are Mount Murud at , Bukit Batu Buli at , and Bukit Batu Lawi at . ...

Sarawak Sarawak (; ) is a States and federal territories of Malaysia, state of Malaysia. The largest among the 13 states, with an area almost equal to that of Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak is located in northwest Borneo Island, and is bordered by the M ...

in 1997 and subsequently raised to maturity by Art Vogel, botanist and former conservatory manager of the

Hortus Botanicus Leiden The Hortus botanicus of Leiden is the oldest botanical garden of the Netherlands, and one of the oldest in the world. It is located in the southwestern part of the historical centre of the city, between the Academy building and the old Leiden Obs ...

. ''Nepenthes vogelii'' is named in his honour. Some time prior to its description, ''N. vogelii'' entered cultivation through

Ch'ien Lee Ch'ien C. Lee (Chinese: 李乾; pinyin: Lǐ Qián) is a photographer and botanist specialising in the carnivorous plant genus ''Nepenthes''. Lee has described several new ''Nepenthes'' species, including '' N. baramensis''Clarke, C., J.A. Mora ...

's Malesiana Tropicals plant nursery under the name "''Nepenthes'' spec. 4". Few specimens of this species are deposited in herbaria, likely due to its

epiphytic An epiphyte is an organism that grows on the surface of a plant and derives its moisture and nutrients from the air, rain, water (in marine environments) or from debris accumulating around it. The plants on which epiphytes grow are called phoroph ...

growth habit, which makes it hard to find without the aid of

binoculars Binoculars or field glasses are two refracting telescopes mounted side-by-side and aligned to point in the same direction, allowing the viewer to use both eyes (binocular vision) when viewing distant objects. Most binoculars are sized to be held ...

Description

Rosette and lower pitchers are cylindrical throughout and have a small horizontal mouth. Unusually, they lack ventral wings. The lid is broadly triangular and lacks appendages. Pitchers are yellowish with dark speckles and a striped peristome. Upper pitchers are generally

infundibular An infundibulum (Latin for ''funnel''; plural, ''infundibula'') is a funnel-shaped cavity or organ. Anatomy * Brain: the pituitary stalk, also known as the ''infundibulum'' and ''infundibular stalk'', is the connection between the hypothalamus and ...

, although their shape may vary from narrowly funnel-shaped to distinctly bulbous in the upper portion. This bulbous portion corresponds to the upper waxy zone of the inner surface.

Ecology

Despite only being recorded from several scattered localities, ''N. vogelii'' appears to be more widespread in

than previously thought. Initially believed to be

to northern

,Clarke, C.M. & Lee, C.C. 2004. ''

Pitcher Plants of Sarawak This list of ''Nepenthes'' literature is a listing of major published works dealing with the tropical pitcher plants of the genus ''Nepenthes''. It includes specialised standalone publications and taxonomic monographs released as part of larger ...

''. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. it is now known from southern

Sabah Sabah () is a States and federal territories of Malaysia, state of Malaysia located in northern Borneo, in the region of East Malaysia. Sabah borders the Malaysian state of Sarawak to the southwest and the North Kalimantan province of Indone ...

and

West Kalimantan West Kalimantan ( id, Kalimantan Barat) is a province of Indonesia. It is one of five Indonesian provinces comprising Kalimantan, the Indonesian part of the island of Borneo. Its capital city is Pontianak, Indonesia, Pontianak. The province has ...

. The species has an altitudinal distribution of 1000 to 1500 m above sea level. ''Nepenthes vogelii'' typically occurs as an

epiphyte An epiphyte is an organism that grows on the surface of a plant and derives its moisture and nutrients from the air, rain, water (in marine environments) or from debris accumulating around it. The plants on which epiphytes grow are called phoroph ...

in submontane or tall lower

montane forest Montane ecosystems are found on the slopes of mountains. The alpine climate in these regions strongly affects the ecosystem because temperatures fall as elevation increases, causing the ecosystem to stratify. This stratification is a crucial f ...

. The

type specimen In biology, a type is a particular wiktionary:en:specimen, specimen (or in some cases a group of specimens) of an organism to which the scientific name of that organism is formally attached. In other words, a type is an example that serves to a ...

was found growing terrestrially among

moss Mosses are small, non-vascular flowerless plants in the taxonomic division Bryophyta (, ) '' sensu stricto''. Bryophyta (''sensu lato'', Schimp. 1879) may also refer to the parent group bryophytes, which comprise liverworts, mosses, and hor ...

in wet ''kerangas'' forest. The plant was sympatric with '' N. stenophylla'' and '' N. veitchii''. Despite this, no

natural hybrid In biology, a hybrid is the offspring resulting from combining the qualities of two organisms of different breeds, varieties, species or genera through sexual reproduction. Hybrids are not always intermediates between their parents (such as in ...

s involving ''N. vogelii'' have been recorded.McPherson, S.R. 2009. ''

Pitcher Plants of the Old World ''Pitcher Plants of the Old World'' is a two-volume monograph by Stewart McPherson on the pitcher plants of the genera ''Nepenthes'' and ''Cephalotus''. It was published in May 2009 by Redfern Natural History Productions and covers all species kno ...

''. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. On

Mount Mulu Mount Mulu ( ms, Gunung Mulu) is a sandstone and shale mountain. At 2376 m, it is the second highest mountain in the state of Sarawak, after Mount Murud. It is located within the boundaries of Gunung Mulu National Park, which is named after i ...

, ''N. vogelii'' occurs in a narrow altitudinal band (1200 to 1500 m) where its distribution does not overlap with those of the likewise epiphytic '' N. fusca'' and '' N. hurrelliana'', which grow below 1200 m and above 1500 m, respectively.

Related species

''Nepenthes vogelii'' belongs to the loosely defined "''N. maxima'' complex", which also includes, among other species, '' N. boschiana'', '' N. chaniana'', '' N. epiphytica'', '' N. eymae'', '' N. faizaliana'', '' N. fusca'', '' N. klossii'', '' N. maxima'', '' N. platychila'', and '' N. stenophylla''.Robinson, A.S., J. Nerz & A. Wistuba 2011. ''Nepenthes epiphytica'', a new pitcher plant from East Kalimantan. In: McPherson, S.R. '' New Nepenthes: Volume One''. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 36–51. ''Nepenthes vogelii'' is thought to be most closely related to '' N. fusca''. It differs from that species in having much smaller pitchers and lacking appendages on the underside of the lid. In addition, the lid of ''N. vogelii'' is broadly triangular as opposed to the narrowly triangular lid of ''N. fusca''. The colour of the pitchers—light cream with dark speckles—is also distinctive. These features also distinguish it from '' N. burbidgeae'' and '' N. stenophylla''. ''Nepenthes vogelii'' shows close affinities to '' N. platychila''. However, unlike the lower pitchers of ''N. vogelii'', those of ''N. platychila'' bear wings and have a relatively wide peristome.Lee, C.C. 2002. ''Nepenthes platychila'' (Nepenthaceae), a new species of pitcher plant from Sarawak, Borneo. ''The Gardens' Bulletin Singapore'' 54: 257-261.

Notes

:a.Some authors treat '' N. fallax'' in synonymy with '' N. stenophylla'',Jebb, M.H.P. & M.R. Cheek 1997. A skeletal revision of ''Nepenthes'' (Nepenthaceae). ''Blumea'' 42(1): 1–106.Clarke, C.M. 1997. ''

Nepenthes of Borneo ''Nepenthes of Borneo'' is a monograph by Charles Clarke (botanist), Charles Clarke on the Nepenthes, tropical pitcher plants of Borneo.Clarke, C.M. 1997. ''Nepenthes of Borneo''. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. It was first p ...

''. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. while others consider them to be two distinct species, with plants commonly referred to as ''N. stenophylla'' actually representing ''N. fallax''. As in

Matthew Jebb Matthew Hilary Peter Jebb (born 1958) is an Irish botanist and taxonomist specialising in the ant plant genera ''Squamellaria'', ''Myrmecodia'', ''Hydnophytum'', ''Myrmephytum'' and ''Anthorrhiza'', as well as the carnivorous plant genus ''Nepe ...

and

Martin Cheek Martin Roy Cheek (born 1960) is a botanist and taxonomist at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.Charles Clarke Charles Rodway Clarke (born 21 September 1950) is a British Labour Party politician, who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Norwich South from 1997 until 2010, and served as Home Secretary from December 2004 until May 2006. Early life Th ...

's 1997 monograph, the first interpretation is followed here.

References

External links

WildBorneo: ''Nepenthes vogelii''
{{Taxonbar, from=Q1087508 Carnivorous plants of Asia vogelii Endemic flora of Borneo Plants described in 2002