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Nemestrinidae, or tangle-veined flies is a
/ref> Undescribed remains are known from the Upper Liassic of Germany. * †subfamily Archinemestriinae Rohdendorf 1968 ** †'' Aenigmestrinus'' Mostovski 1998 Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan,
Images at Diptera infoImages at BugGuideDiscover Life
Brachycera families Nemestrinoidea {{Nemestrinoidea-stub
Nemestrinidae, or tangle-veined flies is a family
Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...
of flies
Flies are insects of the order Diptera, the name being derived from the Greek δι- ''di-'' "two", and πτερόν ''pteron'' "wing". Insects of this order use only a single pair of wings to fly, the hindwings having evolved into advanced ...
in the superfamily
SUPERFAMILY is a database and search platform of structural and functional annotation for all proteins and genomes. It classifies amino acid sequences into known structural domains, especially into SCOP superfamilies. Domains are functional, str ...
Nemestrinoidea
Nemestrinoidea is a small, monophyletic superfamily of flies, whose relationship to the other Brachycera is uncertain; they are sometimes grouped with the Tabanomorpha rather than the Asilomorpha. They are presently considered to be the sister t ...
, closely related to Acroceridae
The Acroceridae are a small family (biology), family of odd-looking flies. They have a hump-backed appearance with a strikingly small head, generally with a long proboscis for accessing nectar. They are rare and not widely known. The most frequen ...
. The family is small but distributed worldwide, with about 300 species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...
in 34 genera
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclat ...
. Larvae are endoparasitoid
In evolutionary ecology, a parasitoid is an organism that lives in close association with its host at the host's expense, eventually resulting in the death of the host. Parasitoidism is one of six major evolutionary strategies within parasiti ...
s of either grasshopper
Grasshoppers are a group of insects belonging to the suborder Caelifera. They are among what is possibly the most ancient living group of chewing herbivorous insects, dating back to the early Triassic around 250 million years ago.
Grasshopp ...
s (Trichopsideinae) or scarab beetles (Hirmoneurinae). Some are considered important in the control of grasshopper populations. Adults are often observed on flowers.
Genera
* '' Atriadops'' c g * '' Ceyloniola'' c g * '' Cyclopsidea'' c g * '' Fallenia'' c g * '' Hirmoneura'' i c g * '' Hyrmophlaeba'' Rondani, 1864 g b * '' Moegistorhynchus'' c g * '' Nemestrinus'' c g * '' Neohirmoneura'' b * '' Neorhynchocephalus'' Lichtwardt, 1909 i c g b * '' Nycterimorpha'' c g * '' Nycterimyia'' c g * '' Prosoeca'' c g * '' Stenobasipteron'' c g * '' Stenopteromyia'' c g * '' Trichophthalma'' c g * '' Trichopsidea'' Westwood, 1839 c g b Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.netFossil history
Fossils of Nemestrinidae are known from several localities of various ages in Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Western Europe and North America, with the oldest described fossils being in the Middle-Upper JurassicKarabastau Formation
The Karabastau Formation ( kk, Qarabastaý svıtasy) is a geological formation and lagerstätte in the Karatau Mountains of southern Kazakhstan whose strata date to the Middle to Late Jurassic. It is an important locality for insect fossils that ...
of Kazakhstan and Daohugou Bed of China.Wedmann, S. 2007. A nemestrinid fly (Insecta: Diptera: Nemestrinidae: cf. ''Hirmoneura'') from the Eocene Messel pit (Germany). ''Journal of Paleontology'' 81 (5): 1114-111/ref> Undescribed remains are known from the Upper Liassic of Germany. * †subfamily Archinemestriinae Rohdendorf 1968 ** †'' Aenigmestrinus'' Mostovski 1998 Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan,
Callovian
In the geologic timescale, the Callovian is an age and stage in the Middle Jurassic, lasting between 166.1 ± 4.0 Ma (million years ago) and 163.5 ± 4.0 Ma. It is the last stage of the Middle Jurassic, following the Bathonian and preceding the ...
/ Oxfordian
** †'' Archinemestrius'' Rohdendorf 1968 Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Callovian/Oxfordian
** †'' Mesonemestrius'' Zhang et al. 2017 Burmese amber
Burmese amber, also known as Burmite or Kachin amber, is amber from the Hukawng Valley in northern Myanmar. The amber is dated to around 100 million years ago, during the latest Albian to earliest Cenomanian ages of the mid-Cretaceous period. The ...
, Myanmar, Cenomanian
The Cenomanian is, in the ICS' geological timescale, the oldest or earliest age of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or the lowest stage of the Upper Cretaceous Series. An age is a unit of geochronology; it is a unit of time; the stage is a unit in the s ...
** †'' Protonemestrius'' Rohdendorf 1968 Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Callovian/Oxfordian Yixian Formation
The Yixian Formation (; formerly transcribed as Yihsien Formation) is a geological formation in Jinzhou, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, that spans the late Barremian and early Aptian stages of the Early Cretaceous. It is known for its ex ...
, China, Aptian
The Aptian is an age in the geologic timescale or a stage in the stratigraphic column. It is a subdivision of the Early or Lower Cretaceous Epoch or Series and encompasses the time from 121.4 ± 1.0 Ma to 113.0 ± 1.0 Ma (million years ago), a ...
* †'' Ahirmoneura'' Zhang et al. 2008 Daohugou
The Haifanggou Formation (), also known as the Jiulongshan Formation (), is a fossil-bearing rock deposit located near Daohugou () village of Ningcheng County, in Inner Mongolia, northeastern China.
The formation consists of coarse conglomerates ...
, China, Callovian
* †'' Florinemestrius'' Ren, 1998 g
* †'' Prohirmoneura'' Handlirsch, 1906
* †'' Rhagionemestrius'' Usachev, 1968
* †'' Sinonemestrius''
References
External links
*Images at Diptera info
Brachycera families Nemestrinoidea {{Nemestrinoidea-stub