Nematinae is a subfamily of

sawflies Sawflies are the insects of the suborder Symphyta within the order Hymenoptera, alongside ants, bees, and wasps. The common name comes from the saw-like appearance of the ovipositor, which the females use to cut into the plants where they lay ...

belonging to the family

Tenthredinidae Tenthredinidae is the largest family of sawflies, with well over 7,500 species worldwide, divided into 430 genera. Larvae are herbivores and typically feed on the foliage of trees and shrubs, with occasional exceptions that are leaf miners, stem ...

. It contains over 1250 described species in ~40 genera. Members of this subfamily feed on a wide range of

plant Plants are predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae. Historically, the plant kingdom encompassed all living things that were not animals, and included algae and fungi; however, all current definitions of Plantae exclud ...

s (over twenty plant families have been recorded as hosts) and employ a wide range of feeding habits, both internally and externally, on their host plants. Most groups of insects tend to have maximum numbers of species in the tropics and decrease towards the poles. The Nematinae reverse this trend, with the highest number probably occurring in the boreal forest zone. The reason is not fully understood but could be because of the abundance of species of

willow Willows, also called sallows and osiers, from the genus ''Salix'', comprise around 400 speciesMabberley, D.J. 1997. The Plant Book, Cambridge University Press #2: Cambridge. of typically deciduous trees and shrubs, found primarily on moist s ...

(''Salix'' species) in the region. In 2014, species feeding on willow, in the genera '' Eupontania'', '' Phyllocolpa'', ''

Pontania ''Pontania'' is a genus of common sawflies in the family Tenthredinidae Tenthredinidae is the largest family of sawflies, with well over 7,500 species worldwide, divided into 430 genera. Larvae are herbivores and typically feed on the foliage ...

'' and '' Tubpontania'', were placed in the genus '' Euura'', reflecting advances in the understanding of their

phylogeny A phylogenetic tree (also phylogeny or evolutionary tree Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA.) is a branching diagram or a tree showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological spec ...

Genera

Genera include: * '' Adelomos'' Ross, 1935 * '' Anhoplocampa'' Wei, 1998 * '' Anoplonyx'' Marlatt, 1896 * '' Armenocampus'' Zinovjev, 2000 * '' Caulocampus'' Rohwer, 1912 * '' Cladius'' Illiger, 1807 * '' Craterocercus'' Rohwer, 1911 * '' Dinematus'' Lacourt, 2006 * '' Dineura'' Dahlbom, 1835 * '' Endophytus'' Hering, 1934 * '' Euura'' Newman, 1837 * '' Fagineura'' Vikberg & Zinovjev, 2000 * '' Fallocampus'' Wong, 1977 * '' Hemichroa'' Stephens, 1835 * '' Hoplocampa'' Hartig, 1837 * '' Katsujia'' Togashi, 1964 * '' Kerita'' Ross, 1937 * '' Megadineura'' Malaise, 1931 * '' Mesoneura'' Hartig, 1837 * '' Monocellicampa'' Wei, 1998 * '' Moricella'' Rohwer, 1916 * '' Nematinus'' Rohwer, 1911 * '' Nematus'' Panzer, 1801 (willow sawflies) * '' Neodineura'' Taeger, 1989 * '' Nescianeura'' Lacourt, 2006 * '' Pachynematus'' Konow, 1890 * '' Platycampus'' Schiødte, 1839 * ''

Pristiphora ''Pristiphora'' is a genus of sawfly in the family Tenthredinidae. Some of its species, such as the larch sawfly ''Pristiphora erichsonii ''Pristiphora erichsonii'', the larch sawfly, is a species of sawfly. The adult sawfly resembles a black ...

'' Latreille, 1810 * '' Pseudodineura'' Konow, 1885 * '' Renonerva'' Wei & Nie, 1998 * '' Stauronematus'' Benson, 1953 * '' Susana'' Rohwer & Middleton, 1932 * '' Zhuangzhoua'' Liu, Niu & Wei 2017 * † '' Driocampus'' Zhang & Zhang, 1990 * † '' Emprionopsis'' Zhang Junfeng, Sun Bo & Zhang Xiyu, 1994 * † '' Eohemichroa'' Zhelochovtzev & Rasnitsyn, 1973 * † '' Florissantinus'' Zhelochovtzev & Rasnitsyn, 1973 * † '' Leptocampus'' Zhang Junfeng, Sun Bo & Zhang Xiyu, 1994 * † '' Phthonocampus'' Zhang Junfeng, Sun Bo & Zhang Xiyu, 1994

References

External links

* * Tenthredinidae {{Sawfly-stub