This list of Russian

biologist A biologist is a scientist who conducts research in biology. Biologists are interested in studying life on Earth, whether it is an individual cell, a multicellular organism, or a community of interacting populations. They usually specialize in ...

s includes the famous biologists from the Russian Federation, the Soviet Union, the Russian Empire and other predecessor states of Russia. Biologists of all specialities may be listed here, including ecologists,

botanist Botany, also called , plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist, plant scientist or phytologist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek wo ...

s, zoologists, paleontologists,

biochemist Biochemists are scientists who are trained in biochemistry. They study chemical processes and chemical transformations in living organisms. Biochemists study DNA, proteins and Cell (biology), cell parts. The word "biochemist" is a portmanteau of ...

physiologist Physiology (; ) is the scientific study of functions and mechanisms in a living system. As a sub-discipline of biology, physiology focuses on how organisms, organ systems, individual organs, cells, and biomolecules carry out the chemical a ...

s and others.

Alphabetical list

A

Johann Friedrich Adam Johann Friedrich Adam, later called Michael Friedrich Adams (1780 in Moscow – 1 March 1838, in Vereya) was a botanist from Saint Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russia. He studied from 1795–1796 in the medical school of Saint Petersburg, S ...

, discoverer of the

Adams mammoth The Adams mammoth is the first woolly mammoth skeleton with skin and flesh still attached to be recovered by scientists. The mostly complete skeleton and flesh were discovered in 1799 in northeastern Siberia by Ossip Shumachov, an Evenki hunter ...

, the first complete woolly mammoth skeleton *

Igor Akimushkin Igor Ivanovich Akimushkin (russian: link=no, Игорь Иванович Акимушкин) (May 1, 1929 – 1993) was a Soviet zoologist and writer. Born in Moscow, he graduated the biological faculty of Moscow State University in 1952. His fi ...

Vladimir Prokhorovich Amalitskii Vladimir Prokhorovich Amalitskii (russian: Владимир Прохорович Амалицкий; 1860–1917) (alternative spelling: Amalitzky) was a Russian paleontologist and professor at Warsaw University who was involved in the discovery a ...

, paleontologist * Nicolai Andrusov, paleontologist * Andrey Avinoff,

entomologist Entomology () is the scientific study of insects, a branch of zoology. In the past the term "insect" was less specific, and historically the definition of entomology would also include the study of animals in other arthropod groups, such as arach ...

Anatoly Andriyashev Anatoly Petrovich Andriyashev (; 19 August 1910 – 4 January 2009) was a Soviet and Russian Ichthyology, ichthyologist, Marine biology, marine biologist, and zoogeography, zoogeographist, notable for his studies of marine fauna of the Arctic and ...

ichthyologist Ichthyology is the branch of zoology devoted to the study of fish, including bony fish ( Osteichthyes), cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes), and jawless fish (Agnatha). According to FishBase, 33,400 species of fish had been described as of Octobe ...

, zoogeographist Andrei Bolotov

B

* Karl Ernst von Baer, naturalist, founder of the Russian Entomological Society, formulated embryological Baer's laws * Alexander Barchenko, notable for his research of Hyperborea *

Jacques von Bedriaga Jacques Vladimir von Bedriaga (last name sometimes spelled Bedryagha) (1854 - 1906) was a Russian herpetologist who was a native of Kriniz, a village near Voronezh. In scientific papers Bedriaga would sometimes alter his name to agree with the la ...

, prominent herpetologist, described

Bedriaga's rock lizard Bedriaga's rock lizard (''Archaeolacerta bedriagae'') is a species of lizard in the family Lacertidae. The species is monotypic within the genus ''Archaeolacerta''. It is only found on the islands Corsica and Sardinia. The scientific name ''Lacer ...

and

Bedriaga's skink ''Chalcides bedriagai'', commonly known as Bedriaga's skink, is a species of lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. It usually lives in sandy areas with sparse vegetation and good ground cover. It can a ...

Andrey Belozersky Andrey Nikolayevich Belozersky (Андре́й Никола́евич Белозе́рский) (29 August, 1905 (Tashkent, Turkestan region, Russian Empire) – 31 December, 1972 (Moscow, Soviet Union)) was a Soviet biologist and biochemist, ...

, founder of molecular biology * Dmitry Belyayev,

domesticated silver fox The domesticated silver fox (''Vulpes vulpes'' forma ''amicus'') is a form of the silver fox that has been to some extent domesticated under laboratory conditions. The silver fox is a melanistic form of the wild red fox. Domesticated silver f ...

Lev Berg Lev Semyonovich Berg, also known as Leo S. Berg (russian: Лев Семёнович Берг; 14 March 1876 – 24 December 1950) was a leading Russian geographer, biologist and ichthyologist who served as President of the Soviet Geographical So ...

of Central Asia and

European Russia European Russia (russian: Европейская Россия, russian: европейская часть России, label=none) is the western and most populated part of Russia. It is geographically situated in Europe, as opposed to the cou ...

* Yuli Berkovich, experimented with seed germination in zero gravity * Nikolai Bernstein, neurophysiologist, coined the term biomechanics *

Vladimir Betz Volodymyr Oleksiyovych Betz( ua, Володи́мир Олексійович Бец) ( – )Kushchayev, Sergiy V., et al. "The Discovery of the Pyramidal Neurons: Volodymyr Betz and a New Era of Neuroscience." JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY. Vol. 113. ...

, discovered giant pyramidal neurons of

primary motor cortex The primary motor cortex (Brodmann area 4) is a brain region that in humans is located in the dorsal portion of the frontal lobe. It is the primary region of the motor system and works in association with other motor areas including premotor co ...

Anatoli Petrovich Bogdanov Anatoli Petrovich Bogdanov (russian: Анатолий Петрович Богданов; 13 October 1834 – 28 March 1896) was a Russian Empire zoologist and anthropologist, born in Voronezh Governorate in southern Russia. In 1855 he graduated ...

* Andrey Bolotov, major 18th-century agriculturist, discovered

dichogamy Sequential hermaphroditism (called dichogamy in botany) is a type of hermaphroditism that occurs in many fish, gastropods, and plants. Sequential hermaphroditism occurs when the individual changes its sex at some point in its life. In particular, ...

, pioneered cross-pollination *

August von Bongard August Gustav Heinrich von Bongard (12 September 1786 – 1839) was a German botanist who worked in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Born in Bonn, he was among the first botanists to describe the new plants then being discovered in Alaska (under Russian ...

of Alaska, discoverer of

Sitka spruce ''Picea sitchensis'', the Sitka spruce, is a large, coniferous, evergreen tree growing to almost tall, with a trunk diameter at breast height that can exceed 5 m (16 ft). It is by far the largest species of spruce and the fifth-larg ...

and red alder * Antonina Borissova, botanist *

Zinaida Botschantzeva Zinaida Petrovna Botschantzeva (10 October 1907 – 17 August 1973) was a Soviet and Russian botanist, cytologist, embryologist, and professor of the Tashkent university. Botschantzeva came from a large Cossack family. In 1930 she graduate ...

, botanist * Alexander Bunge, major botanist of Siberia (especially Altai) * Alexey Bystrow, paleontologist

C

Alexander Catsch Alexander Siegfried Catsch (also Katsch; –16 February 1976) was a German-Russian medical doctor and radiation biologist. Up to the end of World War II, he worked in Nikolaj Vladimirovich Timefeev-Resovskij's ''Abteilung für Experimentelle Ge ...

, medical doctor and radiation biologist *

Mikhail Chailakhyan Mikhail Khristoforovich Chailakhyan ( hy, Միքայել Քրիստափորի Չայլախյան, russian: Михаи́л Христофо́рович Чайлахя́н) (1902–1991) was an Armenian-Soviet scientist who is widely known for pro ...

, researcher of flowering, described the florigen hormone *

Maria Cherkasova Maria Cherkasova (born 1938) is a journalist, ecologist, and director of the Centre for Independent Ecological Programmers (CIEP). She is famous because of coordinating a four-year campaign to stop construction of a hydro-electric dam on the Katu ...

, ecologist *

Evgeny Chernikin Evgeny Mikhailovich Chernikin (russian: Евге́ний Миха́йлович Черни́кин, uk, Євген Михайлович Чорникiн) (20 July 1928 – 17 August 2009) was a Soviet/Russian zoologist and ecologist, known for h ...

, biologist * Feodosy Chernyshov, paleontologist *

Sergei Chetverikov Sergei Sergeevich Chetverikov (russian: Серге́й Серге́евич Четверико́в; 6 May 1880 – 2 July 1959) was a Russian biologist and one of the early contributors to the development of the field of genetics. His research show ...

, pioneer of

modern evolutionary synthesis Modern synthesis or modern evolutionary synthesis refers to several perspectives on evolutionary biology, namely: * Modern synthesis (20th century), the term coined by Julian Huxley in 1942 to denote the synthesis between Mendelian genetics and s ...

Pyotr Chikhachyov Pyotr Alexandrovich Chikhachyov, last name also spelled Chikhachev or Tchihatchev (russian: link=no, Пётр Алекса́ндрович Чихачёв; 23 December 1808 – 13 October 1890) was a Russian naturalist and geologist who was admitt ...

, naturalist * Alexander Chizhevsky, founder of

heliobiology Chronobiology is a field of biology that examines timing processes, including periodic (cyclic) phenomena in living organisms, such as their adaptation to solar- and lunar-related rhythms. These cycles are known as biological rhythms. Chronobio ...

and modern

air ionification An air ioniser (or negative ion generator or Chizhevsky's chandelier) is a device that uses high voltage to ionise (electrically charge) air molecules. Negative ions, or anions, are particles with one or more extra electrons, conferring a net ne ...

D

* Ilya Darevsky, biologist *

Nikolay Dubinin Nikolay Petrovich Dubinin (January 4, 1907 – March 26, 1998) was a Soviet and Russian biologist and academician. He worked under the supervision of Sergei Chetverikov. He was a Corresponding Member of the Division of Biological Sciences f ...

, studied the genetic basis of the human individuality in different populations; studied variability and heritability of neuro, and psychodynamic parameters

E

* Vladimir Efroimson, Soviet geneticist * Kirill Eskov, biologist, discovered several new genera of spiders *

Eduard Eversmann Alexander Eduard Friedrich Eversmann (23 January 1794 – 14 April 1860) was a Prussian biologist and explorer. Eversmann was born in Westphalia and studied at the universities of Marburg, Halle, Berlin and Dorpat. He received his degree of Phil ...

, biologist and explorer, pioneer researcher of flora and fauna of southern Russia

F

Andrey Famintsyn Andrei Sergeyevich Famintsyn (russian: Андрей Серге́евич Фаминцын; June 29 ( O.S. June 17), 1835 in Moscow – December 8, 1918 in Petrograd) was a Russian botanist, public figure, and academician of the Petersburg Academ ...

plant physiologist Plant physiology is a subdiscipline of botany concerned with the functioning, or physiology, of plants. Closely related fields include plant morphology (structure of plants), plant ecology (interactions with the environment), phytochemistry (bio ...

, inventor of

grow lamp A grow light is an electric light to help plants grow. Grow lights either attempt to provide a light spectrum similar to that of the sun, or to provide a spectrum that is more tailored to the needs of the plants being cultivated (typically a varyi ...

, developer of symbiogenesis theory *

Mikhail A. Fedonkin Academician Mikhail Aleksandrovich Fedonkin (russian: Михаи́л Алекса́ндрович Федо́нкин; born June 19, 1946) is a Russian paleontologist specializing in documentation of the earliest animals' body fossils, tracks, a ...

, paleontologist * Yuri Filipchenko, entomologist, coined the terms microevolution and macroevolution

G

* Oleg Gazenko, zoologist * Johann Georg Gmelin, first researcher of Siberian flora *

Vadim G. Gratshev Vadim Gennadyevich Gratshev (russian: Вадим Геннадьевич Грачёв, 1 May 196317 October 2006) was one of world leading experts in paleoentomology, palaeoentomology. Vadim graduated from the Moscow State Pedagogical Institute in 1 ...

, paleontologist *

Viktor Grebennikov Viktor Stepanovich Grebennikov ( rus, Виктор Степанович Гребенников; 23 April 1927 in Simferopol – 2001 in Novosibirsk) was a self-proclaimed Russian scientist, biologist, entomologist and paranormal researcher best kn ...

, naturalist and

, claimed to have built a

levitation Levitation (from Latin ''levitas'' "lightness") is the process by which an object is held aloft in a stable position, without mechanical support via any physical contact. Levitation is accomplished by providing an upward force that counteracts ...

platform by attaching dead insect body parts to the underside *

Ilya Gruzinov Ilya Egorovich Gruzinov (Russian language, Russian: Илья Егорович Грузинов; 1781 – January 1813) was an Imperial Russian professor of anatomy and physiology at Imperial Moscow University. He discovered in 1812 that the actua ...

, discovered the source for deep vocal sound is the membrane *

Grigory Grum-Grshimailo Grigory Yefimovich Grum-Grshimailo (russian: Григо́рий Ефи́мович Грумм-Гржима́йло, 1860–1936) was a Russian zoologist best known for his expeditions to Central Asia (Pamir, Bukhara, Tian-Shan, Kan-su, and Kuku ...

, zoologist and geographer, obtained two Przewalski's horses and more than 1000 bird specimens from his travels in Central Asia *

Alexander Gurwitsch Alexander Gavrilovich Gurwitsch (also Gurvich, Gurvitch; russian: Алекса́ндр Гаври́лович Гу́рвич; 1874–1954) was a Russian and Soviet biologist and medical scientist who originated the morphogenetic field theory and di ...

, originated the morphogenetic field theory and discovered the

biophoton Biophotons (from the Greek βίος meaning "life" and φῶς meaning "light") are photons of light in the ultraviolet and low visible light range that are produced by a biological system. They are non-thermal in origin, and the emission of b ...

* Guladi Gogmachadze, doctor of agricultural sciences, professor, professor of agroinformatics department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Director-General of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Informatization of Agronomy and Ecology (“VNII AgroEcoInform”)

I

Ilya Ivanov Ilya Ivanovich Ivanov (russian: Илья́ Ива́нович Ивано́в, – March 20, 1932) was a Russian and Soviet biologist who specialized in the field of artificial insemination and the interspecific hybridization of animals. He is ...

, researcher of artificial insemination and the interspecific hybridization of animals, involved in controversial attempts to create a

human-ape hybrid The humanzee (sometimes chuman, manpanzee or chumanzee) is a hypothetical hybrid of chimpanzee and human, thus a form of human–animal hybrid. Serious attempts to create such a hybrid were made by Soviet biologist Ilya Ivanovich Ivanov in the ...

Dmitry Ivanovsky Dmitri Iosifovich Ivanovsky (alternative spelling ''Dmitrii'' or ''Dmitry Iwanowski''; russian: Дми́трий Ио́сифович Ивано́вский; 28 October 1864 – 20 June 1920) was a Russian botanist, the co-discoverer of :viruses ...

, discoverer of viruses

J

Hans Johansen Hans Christian Johansen (2 December 1897–18 December 1973) was a Danish-Russian professor of zoology, first at Tomsk State University, later at the University of Copenhagen. Life Hans Johansen was born in Riga, Governorate of Livonia, Russ ...

, zoologist *

Hermann Johansen Hermann Eduardovich Johansen (Герман Эдуардович Иоганзен) (1866–1930) was a biologist and ornithologist from the Russian Empire. He graduated with a degree in zoology from Tartu University in 1889. He moved to Tomsk in 1893 ...

, zoologist

K

Georgii Karpechenko Georgii Dmitrievich Karpechenko (1899 in Velsk, Vologda Governorate – July 28, 1941) was a Russian and Soviet biologist. His name has sometimes been transliterated as Karpetschenko. G. D. Karpechenko specialized in plant cytology and created se ...

, inventor of

rabbage ''Brassicoraphanus'' is any intergeneric hybrid between the genera ''Brassica'' (cabbages, etc.) and ''Raphanus'' (radish). The name comes from the combination of the genus names. Both diploid hybrids and allopolyploid hybrids are known and share ...

, an early experimental

allopolyploid Polyploidy is a condition in which the cells of an organism have more than one pair of ( homologous) chromosomes. Most species whose cells have nuclei (eukaryotes) are diploid, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes, where each set contains ...

and non-sterile

hybrid Hybrid may refer to: Science * Hybrid (biology), an offspring resulting from cross-breeding ** Hybrid grape, grape varieties produced by cross-breeding two ''Vitis'' species ** Hybridity, the property of a hybrid plant which is a union of two dif ...

obtained through crossbreeding of distant species * Karl Fedorovich Kessler, zoologist * Alexander Keyserling, zoologist * Nikolai Koltsov, discoverer of cytoskeleton * Vladimir Komarov,

plant geographer Phytogeography (from Greek language, Greek φυτόν, ''phytón'' = "plant" and γεωγραφία, ''geographía'' = "geography" meaning also distribution) or botanical geography is the branch of biogeography that is concerned with the geographi ...

, President of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, founder of the Komarov Botanical Institute *

Aleksei Alekseevich Korotnev Aleksei Alekseevich Korotnev (February 15, 1854, Moscow – June 14, 1915, Odessa) was a zoologist from the Russian Empire. Korotnev graduated from Moscow University in 1876 and gained his doctorate there in 1881. In 1887 he became a professor ...

, zoologist * Alexander Kovalevsky, embryologist, major researcher of

gastrulation Gastrulation is the stage in the early embryonic development of most animals, during which the blastula (a single-layered hollow sphere of cells), or in mammals the blastocyst is reorganized into a multilayered structure known as the gastrula. Be ...

* Vladimir Kovalevsky, studied the effect of

meteorological Meteorology is a branch of the atmospheric sciences (which include atmospheric chemistry and physics) with a major focus on weather forecasting. The study of meteorology dates back millennia, though significant progress in meteorology did not ...

, hydrological, and temperature factors on

harvest Harvesting is the process of gathering a ripe crop from the fields. Reaping is the cutting of grain or pulse for harvest, typically using a scythe, sickle, or reaper. On smaller farms with minimal mechanization, harvesting is the most labor-i ...

Alexey Kondrashov Alexey Simonovich Kondrashov (russian: Алексе́й Си́монович Кондрашо́в) (born April 11, 1957) worked on a variety of subjects in evolutionary genetics. He is best known for the ''deterministic mutation hypothesis''Kondr ...

, works on evolutionary genetics. Developed the deterministic mutation hypothesis explaining the maintenance of sexual reproduction,

sympatric speciation Sympatric speciation is the evolution of a new species from a surviving ancestral species while both continue to inhabit the same geographic region. In evolutionary biology and biogeography, sympatric and sympatry are terms referring to organi ...

, and evaluated mutation rates * Boris Kozo-Polyansky, botanist, and evolutionary biologist. First to support the theory of symbiogenesis with Darwinian evolution, and first director of The B.M. Kozo-Polyansky Botanical Garden of

Voronezh State University Voronezh State University is one of the main universities in Central Russia, located in the city of Voronezh. The university was established in 1918 by professors evacuated from the University of Tartu in Estonia. The university has 18 faculties ...

. *

August David Krohn August David Krohn (1803–1891) was a Saint Petersburg born zoologist of German origin. He was the son of Abraham Krohn, the founder of Russia's first brewery, who had left the island of Rügen to serve in the court of Catherine the Great. He wa ...

, pioneer in marine biology and published essential works on Chaetognatha (arrow worms) *

Peter Kropotkin Pyotr Alexeyevich Kropotkin (; russian: link=no, Пётр Алексе́евич Кропо́ткин ; 9 December 1842 – 8 February 1921) was a Russian anarchist, socialist, revolutionary, historian, scientist, philosopher, and activis ...

zoologist *

Ludmila Kuprianova Ludmila Andreyevna Kuprianova (1914-1987) (russian: Людмила Андреевна Куприянова) was a Soviet palynologist and Chairman of the Palynological Section of the All-Union Botanical Society (USSR). Her scientific career spanned ...

, botanist *

Andrei Kursanov Andrey Lvovich Kursanov (russian: Андрей Львович Курсанов; 8 November 1902 – 20 September 1999) was a Soviet Union, Soviet specialist on the physiology and biochemistry of plants. He was an academician of the Russian Academ ...

, major physiologist and biochemist *

Sergei Kurzanov Sergei Mikhailovich Kurzanov (Сергей Михайлович Курзанов, born 1947) is a Russian (formerly Soviet) paleontologist at the Paleontological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He is known mainly for his work in Mongo ...

, paleontologist *

Nikolai Jakovlevice Kusnezov Nikolai Yakovlevich Kuznetsov ( rus, Николай Яковлевич Кузнецов; May 23, 1873 in Saint Petersburg – April 8, 1948 in Leningrad) was a Russian Empire and Soviet entomologist, paleoentomologist and physiologist, since 1910 w ...

L

* Alexander Lebedev, known for his work on the biochemical basis of behavior * Olga Lepeshinskaya, advocate of spontaneous generation * Ivan Lepyokhin, botanist *

Peter Lesgaft Peter Franzevich Lesgaft (russian: Пётр Францевич Лесгафт) (21 September 1837 – 1909) was a Russian teacher, anatomist, physician and social reformer. He was the founder of the modern system of physical education and medical-p ...

, founder of the modern system of physical education, one of the founders of theoretical anatomy * Vladimir Ippolitovich Lipsky, botanist *

Dmitry Litvinov Dmitry Ivanovich Litvinov (russian: Дмитрий Иванович Литвинов; – 5 July 1929) was a Russian botanist responsible for the naming of a large variety of East European and Asian plants. He is known as the author of the co ...

, botanist * Trofim Lysenko, agronomist, developer of

yarovization Vernalization (from Latin ''vernus'', "of the spring") is the induction of a plant's flowering process by exposure to the prolonged cold of winter, or by an artificial equivalent. After vernalization, plants have acquired the ability to flower, ...

, infamous for lysenkoism Merezhkovsky K S

M

* Evgeny Maleev, discoverer of

Talarurus ''Talarurus'' ( ; meaning "basket tail" or "wicker tail") is a genus of ankylosaurid dinosaur that lived in Asia during the Late Cretaceous period, about 96 million to 89 million years ago. The first remains of ''Talarurus'' were discovered in 19 ...

, Tarbosaurus, and Therizinosaurus * Karl Maximovich, pioneer researcher of the Far Eastern flora * Ilya Mechnikov, pioneer researcher of immune system, probiotics and phagocytosis, coined the term ''

gerontology Gerontology ( ) is the study of the social, cultural, psychological, cognitive, and biological aspects of aging. The word was coined by Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov in 1903, from the Greek , ''geron'', "old man" and , ''-logia'', "study of". The fie ...

'', Nobel Prize in Medicine winner * Zhores Medvedev, biologist * Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin, botanist * Nicholas Miklouho-Maclay, ethnologist *

Sergei Mirkin Sergei Mirkin (born September 29, 1956) is a Russian-American biologist who studies genome instability mediated by repetitive DNA during DNA replication and transcription. He is a professor of Genetics and Molecular Biology and holds the White F ...

, DNA researcher *

Andrey Vasilyevich Martynov Andrey Vasilyevich Martynov (russian: Андрей Васильевич Мартынов; 21 August 1879 – 29 January 1938) was a Russian Empire and Soviet entomologist and palaeontologist, a founder of the Russian palaeoentomological schoo ...

Mikhail Menzbier Mikhail Aleksandrovich Menzbier (Russian: Михаил Александрович Мензбир; 23 October 1855 – 10 October 1935) was a Russian ornithologist. Based in Moscow, he was a founding member of Russia's first ornithological body, ...

, major

ornithologist Ornithology is a branch of zoology that concerns the "methodological study and consequent knowledge of birds with all that relates to them." Several aspects of ornithology differ from related disciplines, due partly to the high visibility and th ...

, discoverer of the

Menzbier's marmot The Menzbier's marmot (''Marmota menzbieri'') is a species of rodent in the family Sciuridae from Central Asia. Its name commemorates Russian zoologist Mikhail Aleksandrovich Menzbier. Distribution and habitat It inhabits meadows and steppe at ...

Konstantin Merezhkovsky Konstantin Sergeevich Mereschkowski ( rus, Константи́н Серге́евич Мережко́вский, p=mʲɪrʲɪˈʂkofskʲɪj; – 9 January 1921) was a prominent Russian biologist and botanist, active mainly around Kazan, Tata ...

, major lichenologist, developer of symbiogenesis theory, a founder of endosymbiosis theory * Ivan Michurin,

pomologist Pomology (from Latin , “fruit,” + ) is a branch of botany that studies fruit and its cultivation. The term fruticulture—introduced from Romance languages (all of whose incarnations of the term descend from Latin and )—is also used. Pomol ...

, selectionist and geneticist, practiced crossing of geographically distant plants, created hundreds of fruit cultivars *

Alexander Middendorf Alexander Theodor von Middendorff (russian: Алекса́ндр Фёдорович Ми́ддендорф; tr. ; 18 August 1815 – 24 January 1894) was a zoologist and explorer of Baltic German and Estonian extraction. He is known for his ex ...

, zoologist and explorer, studied the influence of

permafrost Permafrost is ground that continuously remains below 0 °C (32 °F) for two or more years, located on land or under the ocean. Most common in the Northern Hemisphere, around 15% of the Northern Hemisphere or 11% of the global surface ...

on living beings, coined the term "

radula The radula (, ; plural radulae or radulas) is an anatomical structure used by molluscs for feeding, sometimes compared to a tongue. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food ...

", horse breeder * Victor Motschulsky,

coleopterologist Coleopterology (from Coleoptera and Greek , ''-logia'') is the scientific study of beetles, a branch of entomology. Practitioners are termed coleopterists and form groups of amateurs and professionals for business and pleasure. Among these is Th ...

(researcher of beetles) *

Dmitrii Mushketov Dmitry Ivanovich Mushketov (russian: Дми́трий Ива́нович Мушкетов; – 18 February 1938) was a Russian Empire and Soviet geologist and paleontologist, one of the victims of the Great Terror. Biography Dmitry Mushketov was ...

, paleontologist

N

* Sergei Navashin, discovered double fertilization *

Alexander Mikhailovich Nikolsky Alexander Mikhailovich Nikolsky (Russian: Александр Михайлович Никольский; February 18, 1858 – December 8, 1942) was a Russian and Ukrainian zoologist born in Astrakhan. From 1877 to 1881, he studied at the Univ ...

, zoologist

O

Vladimir Obruchev Vladimir Afanasyevich Obruchev (russian: Влади́мир Афана́сьевич О́бручев; , Klepenino near Rzhev, Tver Oblast, Russian Empire – June 19, 1956, Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Моск� ...

, paleontologist *

Sergey Ognev Sergey Ivanovich Ognev (russian: Серге́й Ива́нович Огнёв) (17 November 1886 in Moscow – 20 December 1951 in Moscow) was a scientist, zoologist and naturalist, remembered for his work on mammalogy. He graduated from Moscow Un ...

, for his work on

mammalogy In zoology, mammalogy is the study of mammals – a class of vertebrates with characteristics such as homeothermic metabolism, fur, four-chambered hearts, and complex nervous system In biology, the nervous system is the highly complex part o ...

* Alexey Olovnikov, predicted existence of telomerase, suggested the

telomere hypothesis of aging A telomere (; ) is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences associated with specialized proteins at the ends of linear chromosomes. Although there are different architectures, telomeres, in a broad sense, are a widespread genetic feature mos ...

and the telomere relations to cancer *

Aleksandr Oparin Alexander Ivanovich Oparin (russian: Александр Иванович Опарин; – April 21, 1980) was a Soviet biochemist notable for his theories about the origin of life, and for his book ''The Origin of Life''. He also studied the bi ...

, biologist and

, proposed the " primordial soup" theory of

life origin In biology, abiogenesis (from a- 'not' + Greek bios 'life' + genesis 'origin') or the origin of life is the natural process by which life has arisen from non-living matter, such as simple organic compounds. The prevailing scientific hypothes ...

, showed that many food production processes are based on

biocatalysis Biocatalysis refers to the use of living (biological) systems or their parts to speed up (catalyze) chemical reactions. In biocatalytic processes, natural catalysts, such as enzymes, perform chemical transformations on organic compounds. Both enzy ...

* Yuri Ovchinnikov, proponent of using molecular biology and genetics for creating new types of biological weapons

P

* Heinz Christian Pander, embryologist, discoverer of germ layers * Peter Simon Pallas, polymath naturalist and explorer, discoverer of multiple animals, including the Pallas's cat,

Pallas's squirrel Pallas's squirrel (''Callosciurus erythraeus''), also known as the red-bellied tree squirrel, is a species of squirrel native to Greater China, India, and Southeast Asia. Description Pallas's squirrel is a medium-sized tree squirrel, with ...

, and

Pallas's gull Pallas's gull (''Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus''), also known as the great black-headed gull, is a large bird species. As is the case with many gulls, it has traditionally been placed in the genus ''Larus''. The scientific name is from Ancient Greek. '' ...

Vladimir Pasechnik Vladimir Artemovich Pasechnik (12 October 1937 Stalingrad, USSR – 21 November 2001, Wiltshire, England) was a senior Soviet biologist and bioweaponeer who defected to the United Kingdom in 1989, alerting Western intelligence to the vast scope ...

* Ivan Pavlov, founder of modern physiology, the first to research classical conditioning, Nobel Prize in Medicine winner * Alexander Petrunkevitch, eminent arachnologist of his time. Described over 130 spider species * Nikolay Pirogov, founded field surgery. Was one of the first surgeons in Europe to use ether as an anaesthetic * Vladimir Pravdich-Neminsky, published the first EEG and the evoked potential of the mammalian brain *

Yevgenia Georgievna Pobedimova Yevgenia Georgievna Pobedimova (1898-1973) was a Russian-Soviet botanist and plant collector noted for describing over 270 species in Russia, Ukraine and North Asia. Career She received a Ph.D. in biological sciences from the Komarov Botanical ...

, botanist and plant collector, notably in Russia, Ukraine and North Asia *

Maria Prokhorova Maria Illarionovna Prokhorova ( rus, Мария Илларионовна Прохорова, , mɐˈrijə ɪl(ː)ərʲɪˈonəvnə ˈproxərəvə, links=yes; July 20, 1903 – 1993) was a Russian scientist, biologist, the Head of Perm State Unive ...

, biologist and physiologist, did a research on gas gangrene during the Great Patriotic War *

Nikolai Przhevalsky Nikolay Mikhaylovich Przhevalsky (or Prjevalsky;; pl, Nikołaj Przewalski, . – ) was a Russian geographer of Polish descent (he was born in a Polish noble family), and a renowned explorer of Central and East Asia. Although he never reache ...

, explorer and naturalist, brought vast collections from Central Asia, discovered the only extant species of wild horse

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Tikhon Rabotnov Tikhon Alexandrovich Rabotnov (Ти́хон Алекса́ндрович Рабо́тнов; 6 July 1904 – 16 September 2000) was a Russian plant ecologist. He was professor and head of the Department of Geobotany at Moscow State University until ...

, made ground breaking studies in the regeneration of natural plant communities *

Leonty Ramensky Leonty Grigoryevich Ramensky (russian: Лео́нтий Григо́рьевич Ра́менский; – January 27, 1953) was a plant ecologist who conceived several important ideas that were overlooked in the West and later ’re-invented’ ...

, studied biotic communities * Alexandr Pavlovich Rasnitsyn, paleontologist * Anatoly Rozhdestvensky, discoverer of Aralosaurus and

Probactrosaurus ''Probactrosaurus'' (meaning "before ''Bactrosaurus''") is an early herbivorous hadrosauroid iguanodont dinosaur. It lived in China during the Late Cretaceous period. Discovery and species In 1959 and 1960 a Soviet-Chinese expedition uncovered ...

Vasiliy E. Ruzhentsev Vasily Ermolaevich Ruzhentsev (russian: Василий Ермолаевич Руженцев, April 4, 1899 - October 12, 1978) was a Soviet paleontology, paleontologist, Malacology, malacologist and geologist. From 1937 to 1978 he worked at the ...

, paleontologist Lina_Stern

S

* Ivan Schmalhausen, developer of

* Leopold von Schrenck, ethnographer, zoologist, discovered the

Amur sturgeon The Japanese sturgeon, or Amur sturgeon (''Acipenser schrenckii'') is a species of fish in the family Acipenseridae found in the Amur River basin in China and Russia. Claims of its presence in the Sea of Japan need confirmation. The species has ...

Manchurian black water snake ''Elaphe schrenckii'' is a species of nonvenomous snake in the family Colubridae. The species is indigenous to Northeast Asia. Common names Common names for ''E. schrenckii'' include Amur rat snake, Manchurian black racer, Manchurian black wat ...

and

Schrenck's bittern Von Schrenck's bittern or Schrenck's bittern (''Ixobrychus eurhythmus'') is a small bittern (birds of the subfamily Botaurinae). It is named after Leopold von Schrenck, the 19th-century Russian naturalist. Description The male is uniformly chest ...

* Boris Schwanwitsch, entomologist, applied colour patterns of insect wings to military camouflage during World War II * Ivan Sechenov, founder of electrophysiology and neurophysiology *

Andrey Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky Andrey Petrovich Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky (russian: Андре́й Петро́вич Семёнов-Тянь-Ша́нский) (9 June 1866–1942) was a Russian entomologist specializing in beetles. He was the son of Pyotr Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky. ...

, entomologist *

Aleksandr Grigorevich Sharov Aleksandr Grigorevich Sharov (А.Г. Шаров, 1922–1973) was a Soviet palaeoentomologist, paleontologist and expert on Pterosauria. He graduated from Moscow State University. In 1951 he defended Candidate of Science dissertation on the embryo ...

, paleontologist * Pyotr Shirshov,

hydrobiologist Hydrobiology is the science of life and life processes in water. Much of modern hydrobiology can be viewed as a sub-discipline of ecology but the sphere of hydrobiology includes taxonomy, economic and industrial biology, morphology, and physiolog ...

, participant of many arctic expeditions including the first drifting ice station, North Pole-1, researched plankton in polar regions and proved there is life in high altitudes of the Arctic Ocean, founded and headed the

Shirshov Institute of Oceanology The Shirshov Institute of Oceanology ( P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology (IO) RAN, russian: Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт океанологии имен ...

Victor Shmidt Viktor Karlovich Shmidt (russian: Ви́ктор Ка́рлович Шми́дт, ) was a Russian zoologist, leading Russian specialist in microscopic anatomy and embryology, professor, the Head of Perm University, the Head of Perm National Res ...

, zoologist, leading Russian specialist in

microscopic anatomy Histology, also known as microscopic anatomy or microanatomy, is the branch of biology which studies the microscopic anatomy of biological tissues. Histology is the microscopic counterpart to gross anatomy, which looks at larger structures vis ...

and embryology *

Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Shmuk Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Shmuk (russian: Александр Александрович Шмук) ( in Moscow – 22 January 1945, Moscow) was a Soviet biochemist and recipient of the Stalin Prize in 1942. In 1913 Shmuk finished his studies at the ...

, studied the biochemistry of tobacco * Julian Simashko, zoologist *

Norair Sisakian Norair Martirosovich Sisakian (Sissakian) ( hy, Նորայր Մարտիրոսի Սիսակյան; russian: Норайр Мартиросович Сисакян, 12 January 1907 – 12 March 1966) was a Soviet Armenian biochemist, academic, one o ...

, biochemist, one of the founders of space biology, pioneer in biochemistry of sub-cell structures and technical biochemistry *

Alexey Skvortsov Alexey Konstantinovich Skvortsov (Ru:Алексе́й Константи́нович Скворцо́в) (9 February 1920 – 8 May 2008) was a Soviet botanist and biologist, a specialist on amentiferous plants—willows (Salix), poplars (Populus ...

, botanist * Boris Sergeyevich Sokolov, paleontologist *

Alexander Spirin Alexander Sergeevich Spirin (Russian: Александр Сергеевич Спирин) (4 September 1931 – 30 December 2020) was a Russian biochemist, Distinguished Professor at the Lomonosov Moscow State University (since 1999), a Director o ...

, made significant contributions to the biochemistry of nucleic acids, and

protein biosynthesis Protein biosynthesis (or protein synthesis) is a core biological process, occurring inside cells, balancing the loss of cellular proteins (via degradation or export) through the production of new proteins. Proteins perform a number of critical ...

* Yaroslav Starobogatov, zoologist * Georg Wilhelm Steller, naturalist, participant of Vitus Bering's voyages, discoverer of

Steller's jay Steller's jay (''Cyanocitta stelleri'') is a bird native to western North America and the mountains of Central America, closely related to the blue jay found in eastern North America. It is also known as the long-crested jay, mountain jay, and pin ...

, Steller's eider, extinct

Steller's sea cow Steller's sea cow (''Hydrodamalis gigas'') is an extinct sirenian described by Georg Wilhelm Steller in 1741. At that time, it was found only around the Commander Islands in the Bering Sea between Alaska and Russia; its range extended across ...

and multiple other animals *

Lina Stern Lina Solomonovna Stern (or Shtern; russian: Лина Соломоновна Штерн; 26 August 1878 – 7 March 1968) was a Soviet biochemist, physiologist and humanist whose medical discoveries saved thousands of lives at the fronts of World ...

, pioneer researcher of

blood–brain barrier The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective semipermeable membrane, semipermeable border of endothelium, endothelial cells that prevents solutes in the circulating blood from ''non-selectively'' crossing into the extracellular fluid of ...

and first female full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences * Vladimir Sukachev, geobotanist

T

Armen Takhtajan Armen Leonovich Takhtajan or Takhtajian ( hy, Արմեն Լևոնի Թախտաջյան; russian: Армен Леонович Тахтаджян; surname also transliterated Takhtadjan, Takhtadzhi︠a︡n or Takhtadzhian, pronounced takh-tuh-JA ...

, developer of Takhtajan system of flowering plant classification, major biogeographer *

Valery Taliev Valery Ivanovich Taliev (Валерий Иванович Талиев; 22 February 1872 – 21 February 1932) was a Russian botanist and evolutionary biologist, best known for the concept of the role of man in the spreading of plants during the Ho ...

, the founder of concept of the role of man in the spreading of plants during Holocene, geobotanist *

Aleksandr Tikhomirov Aleksandr Andreyevich Tikhomirov (russian: Александр Андреевич Тихомиров, – October 23, 1931) was a Russian zoologist. After graduating in the Saint Petersburg University and the Moscow University, Tikhomirov beca ...

, zoologist *

Kliment Timiryazev Kliment Arkadievich Timiryazev (russian: Климент Аркадьевич Тимирязев, surname sometimes transliterated as Timiriazev; – 28 April 1920) was a Russian Imperial botanist and physiologist and a major proponent of the ...

, plant physiologist and evolutionist, major researcher of

chlorophyll Chlorophyll (also chlorophyl) is any of several related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and in the chloroplasts of algae and plants. Its name is derived from the Greek words , ("pale green") and , ("leaf"). Chlorophyll allow plants to a ...

Nikolai Timofeeff-Ressovsky Nikolaj Vladimirovich Timofeev-Resovskij (also Timofeyeff-Ressovsky; russian: Николай Владимирович Тимофеев-Ресовский; – 28 March 1981) was a Soviet biologist. He conducted research in radiation genetics ...

, major researcher of

radiation genetics In biology, a mutation is an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA. Viral genomes contain either DNA or RNA. Mutations result from errors during DNA or viral replication, mitos ...

, population genetics, and microevolution * Vladimir Andreevich Tranzschel,

mycologist Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungus, fungi, including their genetics, genetic and biochemistry, biochemical properties, their Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy and ethnomycology, their use to humans, including as a so ...

, expert on rust fungi *

Lev Tsenkovsky Tsenkovsky Lev Semyonovich

Lev Semyonovich Tsenkovsky (Leon ...

, pioneer researcher of the ontogenesis of

lower plants Non-vascular plants are plants without a vascular system consisting of xylem and phloem. Instead, they may possess simpler tissues that have specialized functions for the internal transport of water. Non-vascular plants include two distantly rel ...

and animals * Mikhail Tsvet, inventor of chromatography *

Mikhail Voronin Mikhail Yakovlevich Voronin (russian: Михаил Яковлевич Воронин; 26 March 1945 – 22 May 2004) was a Soviet and Russian gymnast who competed for the Soviet Union in the late 1960s and early 1970s. He won seven medals, inclu ...

, major researcher of fungi and plant pathology Nikolai Vavilov NYWTS

V

* Nikolai Vavilov, botanist and geneticist, gathered the world's largest collection of plant seeds, identified the

centres of origin A center of origin is a geographical area where a group of organisms, either domesticated or wild, first developed its distinctive properties. They are also considered centers of diversity. Centers of origin were first identified in 1924 by N ...

of main cultivated plants * Vladimir Vernadsky, founded biogeochemistry, pioneered research into the

noosphere The noosphere (alternate spelling noösphere) is a philosophical concept developed and popularized by the Russian-Ukrainian Soviet biogeochemist Vladimir Vernadsky, and the French philosopher and Jesuit priest Pierre Teilhard de Chardin. Vernads ...

Olga Vinogradova Professor Olga S. Vinogradova (1929–2001) was a specialist in Russian cognitive neuroscience. In 1969 she founded the Laboratory of Systemic Organization of Neurons in the Institute of Biological Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences (Pushchino) ...

, accomplished neuroscientist *

Sergey Vinogradsky Sergei Nikolaievich Winogradsky (or Vinohradsky; published under the name of Sergius Winogradsky or M. S. Winogradsky from Ukrainian Mykolayovych Serhiy; uk, Сергій Миколайович Виноградський; 1 September 1856 – ...

, microbiologist, ecologist, and soil scientist, pioneered the

biogeochemical cycle A biogeochemical cycle (or more generally a cycle of matter) is the pathway by which a chemical substance cycles (is turned over or moves through) the biotic and the abiotic compartments of Earth. The biotic compartment is the biosphere and the ...

concept, discovered

lithotrophy Lithotrophs are a diverse group of organisms using an inorganic substrate (usually of mineral origin) to obtain reducing equivalents for use in biosynthesis (e.g., carbon dioxide fixation) or energy conservation (i.e., ATP production) via aerobic ...

and chemosynthesis, invented the Winogradsky column for breeding of microorganisms * Roman Vishniac, biologist

W

Sergei Winogradsky Sergei Nikolaievich Winogradsky (or Vinohradsky; published under the name of Sergius Winogradsky or M. S. Winogradsky from Ukrainian Mykolayovych Serhiy; uk, Сергій Миколайович Виноградський; 1 September 1856 – ...

microbiologist A microbiologist (from Ancient Greek, Greek ) is a scientist who studies microscopic life forms and processes. This includes study of the growth, interactions and characteristics of Microorganism, microscopic organisms such as bacteria, algae, f ...

, ecologist and soil scientist who pioneered the cycle of life concept

Y

Gennady Yakovlev Gennady Pavlovich Yakovlev (russian: Геннадий Павлович Яковлев) (born 7 June 1938) Russian botanist, pharmacognosist, phytochemist. Former director of Saint-Petersburg State Chemical-Pharmaceutical Academy (1992–2004). E ...

* Ivan Yefremov, paleontologist, sci-fi author, founded taphonomy

Z

Sviatoslav Zabelin Sviatoslav Zabelin (born September 23, 1950) is a Russian environmentalist. He is founder of the environmentalist network ''Socio-Ecological Union''. He was awarded the Goldman Environmental Prize The Goldman Environmental Prize is a prize award ...

, biologist, awarded the Goldman Environmental Prize * Sergey Zimov, creator of the Pleistocene Park *

Nikolai Zograf Nikolay Yuryevich Zograf (russian: Николай Юрьевич Зограф; 1851–1919) was a Russian zoologist and anthropologist, Chevalier of the Order of Légion d'honneur The National Order of the Legion of Honour (french: Ordre nat ...

, zoologist *

Valeriy Zyuganov Valeriy Valeryevich Zyuganov (russian: Зюганов Валерий Валерьевич, born 31 July 1955 in Yangiyo‘l city, (Uzbekistan) is a Soviet and Russian biologist, (zoologist) and Doctor of Biological Sciences. He is the pupil and ...

, formulated the concept of freshwater pearl mussel -

Atlantic salmon The Atlantic salmon (''Salmo salar'') is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Salmonidae. It is the third largest of the Salmonidae, behind Siberian taimen and Pacific Chinook salmon, growing up to a meter in length. Atlantic salmon are ...

symbiosis Symbiosis (from Greek , , "living together", from , , "together", and , bíōsis, "living") is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms, be it mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasit ...

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Russian Biologists Biologists Russian

Russian biologists This list of Russian biologists includes the famous biologists from the Russian Federation, the Soviet Union, the Russian Empire and other predecessor states of Russia. Biologists of all specialities may be listed here, including ecologists, botani ...

Alphabetical list

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

V

W

Y

Z

See also

References