A national research and education network (NREN) is a specialised

internet service provider An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, or participating in the Internet. ISPs can be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise private ...

dedicated to supporting the needs of the

research Research is "creativity, creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge". It involves the collection, organization and analysis of evidence to increase understanding of a topic, characterized by a particular att ...

and

education Education is a purposeful activity directed at achieving certain aims, such as transmitting knowledge or fostering skills and character traits. These aims may include the development of understanding, rationality, kindness, and honesty. Va ...

communities within a country. It is usually distinguished by support for a high-speed

backbone network A backbone or core network is a part of a computer network which interconnects networks, providing a path for the exchange of information between different LANs or subnetworks. A backbone can tie together diverse networks in the same buildin ...

, often offering dedicated channels for individual research projects. In recent years NRENs have developed many 'above the net' services.

List of NRENs by geographic area

East and Southern Africa

UbuntuNet Alliance for Research and Education Networking :''UbuntuNet Alliance is not to be confused with Ubuntu Linux'' UbuntuNet Alliance for Research and Education Networking (also known as UbuntuNet Alliance) is the regional Research and Education Network of Eastern and Southern Africa. It was foun ...

- the Alliance of NRENs of East and Southern Africa * Eb@le - DRC NREN *

EthERNet Ethernet () is a family of wired computer networking technologies commonly used in local area networks (LAN), metropolitan area networks (MAN) and wide area networks (WAN). It was commercially introduced in 1980 and first standardized in 198 ...

- Ethiopian NREN * iRENALA - Malagasy NREN * KENET - Kenyan NREN * MAREN - Malawian NREN * MoRENet - Mozambican NREN *

RENU ReNu is a brand of soft contact lens care products produced by Bausch & Lomb. By far the most popular brand of lens solutions until 2006, ReNu has rebranded its formulations as renu sensitive (formerly ReNu Multi-Purpose) and renu fresh (formerly ...

- Ugandan NREN * RwEdNet - Rwanda NREN * SomaliREN - Somali NREN
SudREN
- Sudanese NREN * TENET/

SANReN SANReN (South African National Research Network) is the project to create a new National Research and Education Network in South Africa. However, unlike most other NRENs, SANReN will provide its clients with both connectivity to the world's re ...

- South African NREN * TERNET - Tanzanian NREN * Xnet - Namibian NREN * ZAMREN - Zambian NREN

North Africa

ASREN
- Arab States Research and Education Network * TUREN - Tunisian NREN *

MARWAN Marwan, Merwan or Mervan ( ar, مروان ''marwān''), is an Arabic male given name derived from the word ''marū/ maruw'' (مرو) with the meaning of either minerals, "flint(-stone)", "quartz" or "a hard stone of nearly pure silica". However, ...

- Moroccan NREN * ENREN - Egyptian NREN
ARN (Algeria)
- Algerian NREN * SudREN - Sudanese NREN
SomaliREN
- Somali NREN

West and Central Africa

WACREN
- West and Central African Research and Education Network
GARNET
- Ghanaian NREN
TogoRER
- Togolese NREN
GhREN
- Ghanaian NREN * MaliREN - Mali NREN
Niger-REN
- Nigerien NREN * RITER - Côte d'Ivoire NREN * SnRER - Senegalese NREN
NgREN
- Nigerian NREN
Eko-Konnect Research and Education Network
- Nigerian NREN * LRREN - Liberia Research and Education Network

Asia Pacific

APAN Apan is a city and one of the 84 municipalities of Hidalgo, in central-eastern Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 346.9 km². Overview As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of 39,247. It was an important site in the Wa ...

- Asia-Pacific Advanced Network *

AARNet AARNet (Australian Academic and Research Network) provides Internet services to the Australian education and research communities and their research partners. AARNet built the Internet in Australia. In 1995, the Australian Vice-Chancellors' Com ...

- Australian NREN * AfgREN - Afghanistan NREN * BDREN - Bangladeshi NREN *

CSTNET CSTNET or China Science and Technology Network () offers Internet services to the Chinese education, research, scientific and technical communities, relevant government departments and hi-tech enterprises, providing services such as network access, ...

- China Science and Technology Network *

CERNET The China Education and Research Network (CERNET; ) is the first nationwide education and research computer network in China. The CERNET project is funded by the Chinese government and directly managed by the Chinese Ministry of Education. It is ...

- China Education and Research Network * ERNET - Indian NREN * HARNET - Hong Kong NREN
KOREN
- Korean NREN
KREONET
Korean NREN
IDREN
- Indonesian NREN *

LEARN Learning is the process of acquiring new understanding, knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, attitudes, and preferences. The ability to learn is possessed by humans, animals, and some machines; there is also evidence for some kind of learn ...

- Sri Lankan NREN * SINET - Japanese NREN
MYREN
- Malaysian NREN * NKN - Indian NREN
NREN
- Nepal NREN
NREN
- Islamic Republic of Iran NREN * REANNZ - New Zealand NREN *

PERN ''Dragonriders of Pern'' is a science fantasy series written primarily by American author Anne McCaffrey, who initiated it in 1967. Beginning in 2003, her middle child Todd McCaffrey has written Pern novels, both solo and jointly with Anne. ...

- Pakistani NREN *

PREGINET The Philippine Research, Education, and Government Information Network (PREGINET) is a national research and education network established in the Philippines by the Advanced Science and Technology Institute of the Department of Science and Technol ...

- Philippine NREN * SingAREN - Singaporean NREN * TWAREN - Taiwanese NREN
UniNet
- Thai NREN * VinaRen - Vietnamese NREN
CamREN
Cambodia NREN
TEIN
- Trans Eurasia Information Network

North America

* United States – although advocated since the 1980s, the U.S. does not have one single NREN. : * Canada :

Latin America

New High-speed Fibre Optic Data Link to ALMA

RedCLARA RedCLARA: the Latin American space for collaboration and development in education, science and innovation CLARA (''Latin American Advanced Networks Cooperation'' in English, ''Cooperación Latino Americana de Redes Avanzadas'', in Spanish, the ...

- Cooperación Latino Americana de Redes Avanzadas (Association of Latin American NRENs)
Innova-Red
- Argentinian NREN *

ADSIB {{unreferenced, date=November 2014 The Agency for the Development of the Information Society (ADSIB) is a Bolivian government agency that works with the promotion of ICT policies, in areas such as e-health, e-learning, e-commerce and e-government ...

- Bolivian NREN * RNP - Brazilian NREN
REUNA
- Chilean NREN
RENATA
- Colombian NREN
RedCONARE
- Costa Rican NREN
CEDIA
- Ecuadorian NREN *

RAICES The Refugee and Immigrant Center for Education and Legal Services (RAICES) is a nonprofit organization based in Texas that aims to provide legal services for immigrants. , it was the largest legal aid group of its kind in Texas. RAICES also runs ...

- El Salvadoran NREN * RAGIE - Guatemalan NREN *

Universidad Tecnológica Centroamericana The Central American Technological University ( es, Universidad Tecnológica Centroamericana) (UNITEC) is a private coeducational institution with campuses in the three main cities of Honduras: Tegucigalpa, San Pedro Sula and La Ceiba. Histor ...

(UNITEC) - Honduran NREN *

CUDI The University Corporation for Internet Development ( es, Corporación Universitaria para el Desarrollo de Internet; CUDI) is a non-profit consortium to build and operate a Mexican high-performance backbone network for research and education, some ...

- Mexican NREN * RENIA - Nicaraguan NREN * RedCyT - Panamanian NREN * Arandu - Paraguayan NREN * RAAP - Peruvian NREN * RAU - Uruguayan NREN * REACCIUN CNTI?- Venezuelan NREN

Caribbean

* C@ribNET - Caribbean NREN * TTRENT - Trinidad and Tobago NREN * JREN - Jamaica NREN * RADEI - NREN of the Dominican Republic

Europe

European Academic and Research Network The European Academic and Research Network (EARN) was a computer network connecting universities and research institutions across Europe, and was connected in 1983 via transatlantic circuits and a gateway funded by IBM to BITNET, its peer in the Un ...

GÉANT GÉANT is the pan-European data network for the research and education community. It interconnects national research and education networks (NRENs) across Europe, enabling collaboration on projects ranging from biological science, to earth obser ...

- Develops and maintains the

backbone network on behalf of European NRENs. Formerly

DANTE Dante Alighieri (; – 14 September 1321), probably baptized Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri and often referred to as Dante (, ), was an Italian poet, writer and philosopher. His ''Divine Comedy'', originally called (modern Italian: '' ...

and

TERENA The Trans-European Research and Education Networking Association (TERENA, ) was a not-for-profit association of European national research and education networks (NRENs) incorporated in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. The association was originally f ...

. * CEENet - Central and Eastern European Research Networking Association * Eumedconnect - South Mediterranean Backbone
ANA
Albanian NREN * ASNET-AM - Armenian NREN *

ACOnet ACOnet is the name of the national research and education network in Austria. The ACONET association promotes the development and use of that network. ACOnet is not managed and operated by ACONET, but by a unit in the Computing Centre of the Unive ...

- Austrian NREN
AzScienceNet
Azerbaijan NREN *

BASNET Basnet/Basnyat ( ne, बस्‍नेत/बस्न्यात) is a surname of Khasas of Nepal and India. It is found among Jharra Chhetri community. There are five different branches of Basnets in Nepal: *The Shreepali (Sripali) Jumli ...

- Belarus NREN *

Belnet Belnet (the Belgian National research and education network) is a Belgian internet provider for educational institutions, research centres, scientific institutes and government services. Since 1993, BELNET provides web services to higher educati ...

- Belgian NREN * BREN - Bulgarian NREN *

CESNET CESNET (Czech Education and Scientific NETwork) is developer and operator of national e-infrastructure for science, research, development and education in Czech Republic. The CESNET association was founded in 1996 by Czech public universities and ...

- Czech NREN *

CARNET A carnet may refer to: in international law: *A legal authorisation, usually in the context of document allowing the importation of certain goods to countries without paying customs duty. Three types exist: ** ATA Carnet, for temporary importation ...

- Croatian NREN * CYNET - Cypriot NREN *

SURFnet SURF is an organization that develops, implements and maintains the national research and education network (NREN) of the Netherlands, It operates the national research network formally called SURFnet. SURF as a network is a backbone computer net ...

- Dutch NREN *

EENet Estonian Education and Research Network (EENet) is a structural unit of the Information Technology Foundation for Education (HITSA) whose main goal is to ensure the development and stable functioning of the information technology infrastructure n ...

- Estonian NREN * RENATER - French NREN *

Deutsches Forschungsnetz Deutsches Forschungsnetz ("German Research Network"), usually abbreviated to DFN, is the German national research and education network (NREN) used for academic and research purposes. It is managed by the scientific community organized in the volu ...

(DFN) - German NREN * GRENA - Georgian NREN *

GRNET The Greek Research and Technology Network or GRNET ( el, Εθνικό Δίκτυο Υποδομών Τεχνολογίας και Έρευνας, ΕΔΥΤΕ) is the national research and education network of Greece. GRNET S.A. gives internet conn ...

- Greek NREN * KIFU/NIIF Program - Hungarian NREN *

HEAnet HEAnet is the national education and research network of Ireland. HEAnet's e-infrastructure services support approximately 210,000 students and staff (third-level) in Ireland, and approximately 800,000 students and staff (first and second-level ...

- Irish NREN *

GARR GARR (''Gruppo per l'Armonizzazione delle Reti della Ricerca'') is the Italian national computer network for universities and research. The main objective of GARR is to design and manage a very high-performance network infrastructure that deliv ...

- Italian NREN * KazRENA - Kazakhstan NREN * SigmaNet - Latvian NREN *

LITNET LITNET is Lithuanian Research and Education Network in Lithuania. It was established in 1991 and had X.25 satellite connectivity to University of Oslo. LITNET Network Operations Center, NOC is located in Kaunas University of Technology (KTU). R ...

- Lithuanian NREN * RESTENA - Luxembourg NREN * MARNET - Macedonian NREN
RiċerkaNet
- Maltese NREN *

RENAM The Research and Educational Networking Association of Moldova (RENAM) is the national research and education networking organisation (NREN) of Moldova. RENAM was incorporated in June 1999 as an association under Moldovan law. It is a member of TE ...

- Moldovian NREN * MREN - Montenegro NREN *

PIONIER PIONIER is the Polish national research and education network created to provide high-speed Internet access and to conduct network-based research. Most of the government founded higher education organisations and all of metropolitan area networ ...

(PSNC) - Polish NREN * FCCN - Portuguese NREN *

RoEduNet RoEduNet is a Romanian educational and research network NREN, member of the European research and education network GÉANT. The network is under the administration of the Administration Agency of the National Network for Education and Informatics ...

- Romanian NREN * RUNNet - Russian NREN * AMRES - Serbian NREN *

ARNES Arnes may refer to: * ARNES, Academic and Research Network of Slovenia * Arnes, Manitoba, Canada ** Arnes Airport, located northeast of Arnes, Manitoba, Canada * Arnes, Terra Alta, a town in Catalonia, Spain * Årnes, the administrative centr ...

- Slovenian NREN *

SANET Sanet y Negrals is a town located in the ''comarca'' of Marina Alta, in the province of Alicante Alicante ( ca-valencia, Alacant) is a province of eastern Spain, in the southern part of the Valencian Community. It is the second most populated ...

- Slovakian NREN *

RedIRIS {{Short description, National research and education network for Spain RedIRIS is the national research and education network (NREN) for Spain. It is part of Red.es, which also administers and oversees the .es national Top-level domain. Most Spanis ...

- Spanish NREN *

SWITCH In electrical engineering, a switch is an electrical component that can disconnect or connect the conducting path in an electrical circuit, interrupting the electric current or diverting it from one conductor to another. The most common type of ...

- Swiss NREN * ULAKBIM - Turkish NREN
URAN
- Ukrainian NREN *

Jisc Jisc is a United Kingdom not-for-profit company that provides network and IT services and digital resources in support of further and higher education institutions and research as well as not-for-profits and the public sector. History T ...

- United Kingdom NREN, operator of the

Janet Janet may refer to: Names * Janet (given name) * Janet (French singer) (1939–2011) Surname * Charles Janet (1849–1932), French engineer, inventor and biologist, known for the Left Step periodic table * Jules Janet (1861–1945), French psych ...

network
KREN
- Kosovo NREN

Nordic countries

NORDUnet NORDUnet is an international collaboration between the National research and education networks in the Nordic countries. Members The members of NORDUnet are: * SUNET of Sweden * UNINETT of Norway * FUNET of Finland * Forskningsnettet of ...

- Nordic backbone network ** DeiC - Danish NREN **

FUNET FUNET is the Finnish University and Research Network, a backbone network providing Internet connections for Finnish universities and polytechnics as well as other research facilities. It is governed by the state-owned CSC – IT Center for Sc ...

- Finnish NREN **

RHnet RHnet is the Icelandic Educational and Research Network. Its objective is to link together Icelandic universities and research institutions by means of a high capacity computer network, and supply services in the field of computer communications, ...

- Icelandic NREN ** SUNET - Swedish NREN ** UNINETT - Norwegian NREN

Middle East

* /www.maeen.sa MaeenSaudi Arabia NREN * Eumedconnect - Mediterranean/North African Backbone * ANKABUT UAE NREN * OMREN Omani NREN * IUCC - Israeli NREN *

JUnet Japan University NETwork (JUNET) was a computer network established by three universities, Tokyo University, Tokyo Institute of Technology and Keio University in October 1984 for test and research purposes. At its height it connected 700 machines. ...

Jordanian NREN * IRAN SHOA Iranian NREN * PALNREN Palestinian NREN * Lebanon * Birzeit Uni/AlQuds Palestinian Authority * QNREN - Qatar NREN *

HIAST The Higher Institute for Applied Sciences and Technology (HIAST) ( ar, الْمَعْهَدُ الْعَالِي لِلْعُلُومِ التَّطْبِيقِيَّةِ وَالتِّكْنُولُوجِيِّ, al-Maʿhad al-ʿĀlī li l-ʿUlū ...

Syrian NREN

Central Asia

* RUNNet - Russian University Network, Russian NREN * ASNET-AM - Armenian
AzScienceNet
Azerbaijan NREN *

UNIBEL Belarus * GRENA - Georgian NREN * KazRENA - Kazakhstan NREN * KRENA - Kyrgyzian NREN * TuRENA - Turkmenistan NREN * UZSCINET - Uzbekistan NREN

References

External links

Terena Compendium

Research and Education Networking FAQ
{{Authority control * Higher education Internet terminology Research and development organizations