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The ''Nairobi sheep disease orthonairovirus'' (NSDV), also known as ''Ganjam virus'' is a species in the genus '' Orthonairovirus'' belonging to the Nairobi sheep disease serogroup. NSDV is enzootic, becoming epizootic when denser populations of susceptible animals are exposed to infection. NSDV's known hosts belong to the hard tick family Ixodidae, including ''
Sheep and goats are natural reservoirs for NSDV and Ganjam, but fatal cases have also been reported among blue duikers in zoos or in the wild. High morbidity and mortality are seen in both sheep and goats, although goats tend to have less severe clinical signs than sheep. African field rats, langur monkeys and Bonnet macaques have been experimentally inoculated with NSDV and Ganjam virus, with the macaques not becoming viremic as result.
Rhipicephalus appendiculatus
''Rhipicephalus appendiculatus'', the brown ear tick, is a hard tick found in Africa where it spreads the parasite ''Theileria parva'', the cause of East Coast fever
East Coast fever, also known as theileriosis, is a disease of cattle which o ...
'', and ''Amblyomma variegatum
''Amblyomma variegatum'', commonly known as the tropical bont tick, is a species of tick of the genus ''Amblyomma'' endemic to Africa. It has spread from its centre of origin to several countries, including the Caribbean islands, where it is kno ...
'', and afflict sheep and goats naturally. The virus is in the family Nairoviridae and order Bunyavirales.
Symptoms
Symptoms of an animal infected with NSDV may include fever, reduction in white blood cells, rapid respiration, anorexia, profound depression, diarrhea, drop in body temperature, premature abortion, and eventually death.History
NSDV was first recognised in 1917 as the causative agent of a disease that was affecting sheep transported from the Maasai region of Kenya for sale in the Nairobi livestock markets, where a 70% mortality rate was recorded for local breeds sheep, but a lower rate for European breeds. Another mortality rate of 90% has been reported, affecting highly susceptible populations.Species affected
Sheep and goats are natural reservoirs for NSDV and Ganjam, but fatal cases have also been reported among blue duikers in zoos or in the wild. High morbidity and mortality are seen in both sheep and goats, although goats tend to have less severe clinical signs than sheep. African field rats, langur monkeys and Bonnet macaques have been experimentally inoculated with NSDV and Ganjam virus, with the macaques not becoming viremic as result.
Genome
The genome is composed a single strand of negative sense RNA in three parts—small (S), medium (M) and large (L).Yadav PD, Vincent MJ, Khristova M, Kale C, Nichol ST, Mishra AC, Mourya DT (2011) Genomic analysis reveals Nairobi sheep disease virus to be highly diverse and present in both Africa, and in India in the form of the Ganjam virus variant. Infect Genet EvolReferences
{{Taxonbar, from1=Q29002589 Nairoviridae Sheep and goat diseases