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Colobinae
The Colobinae or leaf-eating monkeys are a family (biology), subfamily of the Old World monkey family that includes 61 species in 11 genus, genera, including the black-and-white colobus, the large-nosed proboscis monkey, and the gray langurs. Some classifications split the colobine monkeys into two tribes, while others split them into three groups. Both classifications put the three African genera ''Black-and-white colobus, Colobus'', ''Red colobus, Piliocolobus'', and ''Olive colobus, Procolobus'' in one group; these genera are distinct in that they have stub thumbs (Greek κολοβός ''kolobós'' = "docked"). The various Asian genera are placed into another one or two groups. Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA confirms the Asian species form two distinct groups, one of langurs and the other of the "odd-nosed" species, but are inconsistent as to the relationships of the gray langurs; some studies suggest that the gray langurs are not closely related to either of these groups ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Old World Monkey
Old World monkeys are primates in the family Cercopithecidae (). Twenty-four genera and 138 species are recognized, making it the largest primate family. Old World monkey genera include baboons (genus '' Papio''), red colobus (genus '' Piliocolobus''), and macaques (genus '' Macaca''). Common names for other Old World monkeys include the talapoin, guenon, colobus, douc (douc langur, genus '' Pygathrix''), vervet, gelada, mangabey (a group of genera), langur, mandrill, drill, surili ('' Presbytis''), patas, and proboscis monkey. Phylogenetically, they are more closely related to apes than to New World monkeys, with the Old World monkeys and apes diverging from a common ancestor between 25 million and 30 million years ago. This clade, containing the Old World monkeys and the apes, diverged from a common ancestor with the New World monkeys around 45 to 55 million years ago. The individual species of Old World monkey are more closely related to each other than to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pig-tailed Langur
The pig-tailed langur (''Simias concolor''), monotypic in genus ''Simias'', is a large Old World monkey, endemic to several small islands off the coast of Sumatra in Indonesia. Its face is black, its fur is black-brown and it has a relatively short tail. It is a diurnal species, feeding in the rainforest canopy on leaves, and to a lesser extent, fruit and berries. Little is known of its natural history, but it is heavily hunted, its populations have been declining rapidly and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being "critically endangered". It has been included on a list of the World's 25 Most Endangered Primates. As an arboreal primate the pig-tailed langur spends most of its time in the canopy devoting the majority of its activity budget towards resting and feeding. The structure of groups is single-male, multi-female. Group sizes range from around 3 to 9 individuals depending on locations and hunting pressures. There are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mesopithecus
''Mesopithecus'' ("middle monkey" for being between ''Hylobates'' and ''Semnopithecus'' in build) is an extinct genus of Old World monkey belonging to the subfamily Colobinae that lived in Eurasia during the Late Miocene and Pliocene epochs, around 8.2-2.6 million years ago. Fossils span from Great Britain and the Iberian Peninsula in the west, eastwards to the Indian Subcontinent and China. ''Mesopithecus'' had a body length of about , possessing a slender body with long, muscular limbs and flexible fingers. Analysis of its anatomy suggests that members of the genus were semiterrestrial, spending a considerable amount of the time on the ground, though some authors have argued that some species were likely arboreal. ''Mesopithecus'' were likely capable climbers and probably occasionally engaged in leaping. Dental microwear analysis suggests that it fed on hard seeds as well as probably leaves. Morphometric analysis of a ''M. pentelici'' mandible from Shuitangba in Yunnan, China con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pig-tailed Langur
The pig-tailed langur (''Simias concolor''), monotypic in genus ''Simias'', is a large Old World monkey, endemic to several small islands off the coast of Sumatra in Indonesia. Its face is black, its fur is black-brown and it has a relatively short tail. It is a diurnal species, feeding in the rainforest canopy on leaves, and to a lesser extent, fruit and berries. Little is known of its natural history, but it is heavily hunted, its populations have been declining rapidly and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being "critically endangered". It has been included on a list of the World's 25 Most Endangered Primates. As an arboreal primate the pig-tailed langur spends most of its time in the canopy devoting the majority of its activity budget towards resting and feeding. The structure of groups is single-male, multi-female. Group sizes range from around 3 to 9 individuals depending on locations and hunting pressures. There are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Snub-nosed Monkey
Snub-nosed monkeys are a group of Old World monkeys and make up the entirety of the genus ''Rhinopithecus''. The genus is rare and not fully researched. Some taxonomists group snub-nosed monkeys together with the genus '' Pygathrix''. Distribution and habitat Snub-nosed monkeys live in Asia, with a range covering southern China (especially Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Guizhou) extending into the northern parts of Myanmar and Vietnam. Snub-nosed monkeys inhabit mountain forests up to elevations of more than . In the winter, they move into the deeply secluded regions. Higher elevation areas are more remote and difficult for humans to access and utilize and other studies have found less deforestation, more reforestation and afforestation, less range contraction, and less extinction in topographically steep areas. All ''Rhinopithecus'' species inhabit primary forest and grid cells with tree cover ≥ 75% might constitute important potential habitat. Description These monkeys are n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dolichopithecus
''Dolichopithecus'' is an extinct genus of Old World monkey that lived in Europe during the Late Miocene and Pliocene. Taxonomy The type species ''Dolichopithecus ruscinensis'' was first described in 1889 by Charles Depéret, based on fossil remains from the Roussillon area in France dating back to the Middle Pliocene. Numerous fossils of ''D. ruscinensis'' have been found in European Pliocene deposits from France, Spain, Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, and Ukraine. A second species, ''D. balcanicus'', has been described from remains found in the Balkans. Some extinct colobine species from Asia have formerly been included in ''Dolichopithecus''; ''D. leptopostorbitalis'' of Japan, now placed in ''Kanagawapithecus'', and ''D. eohanuman'' from northeast Asia, now in '' Parapresbytis''. '' Paradolichopithecus arvernensis'' was also originally included under this genus, but is more related to macaques The macaques () constitute a genus (''Macaca'') of gregarious O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proboscis Monkey
The proboscis monkey or long-nosed monkey (''Nasalis larvatus'') is an arboreal Old World monkey with an unusually large nose (or proboscis), a reddish-brown skin color and a long tail. It is endemic to the southeast Asian island of Borneo and is found mostly in mangrove forests and on the coastal areas of the island. This species co-exists with the Bornean orangutan and monkeys such as the silvery lutung. It belongs in the monotypic genus ''Nasalis''. Taxonomy The proboscis monkey belongs to the subfamily Colobinae of the Old World monkeys. The two subspecies are: *''N. l. larvatus'' (Wurmb, 1787), which occupies the whole range of the species excluding northeast Kalimantan *''N. l. orientalis'' (Chasen, 1940), restricted to north-east Kalimantan However, the difference between the subspecies is small, and not all authorities recognise ''N. l. orientalis''. The genus name ''Nasalis'' comes from the Latin word ''nasus'' meaning "nose". This animal was made known to We ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gray Langur
''Semnopithecus'' is a genus of Old World monkeys native to the Indian subcontinent, with all species with the exception of two being commonly known as gray langurs. Traditionally only the species ''Semnopithecus entellus'' was recognized, but since about 2001 additional species have been recognized. The taxonomy has been in flux, but currently eight species are recognized. Members of the genus ''Semnopithecus'' are terrestrial, inhabiting forest, open lightly wooded habitats, and urban areas on the Indian subcontinent. Most species are found at low to moderate altitudes, but the Nepal gray langur and Kashmir gray langur occur up to in the Himalayas. Characteristics These langurs are largely gray (some more yellowish), with a black face and ears. Externally, the various species mainly differ in the darkness of the hands and feet, the overall color and the presence or absence of a crest. Typically all north Indian gray langurs have their tail tips looping towards their head d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parapresbytis
''Parapresbytis'' is an extinct genus of colobine monkey that lived in northeast Asia during the Mid-Late Pliocene. It is represented by single species known as ''Parapresbytis eohanuman'', whose remains have been found throughout the Transbaikal area. Taxonomy ''Parapresbytis eohanuman'' was once considered a species of ''Dolichopithecus'', but was found to be distinct. There is debate as to its exact position within Colobinae, with some researchers considering it an ancestor to certain Asian colobines such as snub-nosed monkeys, and others considering it a member of a primitive colobine radiation that includes ''Dolichopithecus'' and left no descendants. ''Parapresbytis'' seems to display a mosaic of distinct features shared with different living Asian colobine species, making its placement uncertain. Description ''Parapresbytis'' was a large monkey, with an ulnar comparable in size to a chacma baboon The chacma baboon (''Papio ursinus''), also known as the Cape baboon, i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proboscis Monkey
The proboscis monkey or long-nosed monkey (''Nasalis larvatus'') is an arboreal Old World monkey with an unusually large nose (or proboscis), a reddish-brown skin color and a long tail. It is endemic to the southeast Asian island of Borneo and is found mostly in mangrove forests and on the coastal areas of the island. This species co-exists with the Bornean orangutan and monkeys such as the silvery lutung. It belongs in the monotypic genus ''Nasalis''. Taxonomy The proboscis monkey belongs to the subfamily Colobinae of the Old World monkeys. The two subspecies are: *''N. l. larvatus'' (Wurmb, 1787), which occupies the whole range of the species excluding northeast Kalimantan *''N. l. orientalis'' (Chasen, 1940), restricted to north-east Kalimantan However, the difference between the subspecies is small, and not all authorities recognise ''N. l. orientalis''. The genus name ''Nasalis'' comes from the Latin word ''nasus'' meaning "nose". This animal was made known to We ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trachypithecus
''Trachypithecus'' (derived from Greek , meaning "rough" and , meaning "monkey") is a genus of Old World monkeys containing species known as lutungs, langurs, or leaf monkeys. Their range is much of Southeast Asia (northeast India, Vietnam, southern China, Borneo, Thailand, Java, and Bali). The name "lutung" comes from the Sundanese language meaning "blackness", ultimately from Proto-Austronesian *''luCuŋ'' (which originally referred to the Formosan rock macaque); it is preferred in one paper because the authors wanted the name langurs to only refer to monkeys in the genus '' Semnopithecus'', although some "lutungs" are now "langurs" again. Evolution Genetic analysis indicates that the ancestors of the modern species of lutung first differentiated from one another a little over 3 million years ago, during the late Pliocene. The various species alive today then diverged during the Pleistocene, presumably driven by habitat changes during the Ice Ages. The oldest fossils ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gray Langur
''Semnopithecus'' is a genus of Old World monkeys native to the Indian subcontinent, with all species with the exception of two being commonly known as gray langurs. Traditionally only the species ''Semnopithecus entellus'' was recognized, but since about 2001 additional species have been recognized. The taxonomy has been in flux, but currently eight species are recognized. Members of the genus ''Semnopithecus'' are terrestrial, inhabiting forest, open lightly wooded habitats, and urban areas on the Indian subcontinent. Most species are found at low to moderate altitudes, but the Nepal gray langur and Kashmir gray langur occur up to in the Himalayas. Characteristics These langurs are largely gray (some more yellowish), with a black face and ears. Externally, the various species mainly differ in the darkness of the hands and feet, the overall color and the presence or absence of a crest. Typically all north Indian gray langurs have their tail tips looping towards their head d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
