Miryang (perhaps pronounced as Milbeol using
Idu script),
formerly also spelled as 推火郡 (probably pronounced as Milbeol or Miribeol using
Idu script), Milbeol (密伐) and Milseong (密城),
is a
city
A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...
in
Gyeongsangnam-do Province,
South Korea
South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and sharing a land border with North Korea. Its western border is formed by the Yellow Sea, while its eas ...
. Its name is originated from the tribal country named Miri midong guk (彌離彌凍國).
There are various hypotheses as to the meaning of Miryang, such as
Milky Way
The Milky Way is the galaxy that includes our Solar System, with the name describing the galaxy's appearance from Earth: a hazy band of light seen in the night sky formed from stars that cannot be individually distinguished by the naked eye. ...
,
Galaxy,
dragon's field,
The Wheat Field
''The Wheat Field'' is a series of oil paintings executed by Vincent van Gogh in Saint-Rémy-de-Provence. All of them depict the view Van Gogh had from the window of his bedroom on the top floor of the asylum: a field enclosed by stone walls j ...
and the
watery field.
Neighboring cities include
Changnyeong
Changnyeong County (''Changnyeong-gun'' 창녕군) is a county in South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea.
In the early Three Kingdoms period, Changnyeong was the seat of Bihwa Gaya, a member of the Gaya confederacy which was later conquered by S ...
to the west,
Cheongdo
Cheongdo County (''Cheongdo-gun'') is a county in North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. It is connected to the national transportation grid by the Gyeongbu Line railroad and the Daegu-Busan Expressway. The seat of government is located in the ...
to the north,
Ulsan
Ulsan (), officially the Ulsan Metropolitan City is South Korea's seventh-largest metropolitan city and the eighth-largest city overall, with a population of over 1.1 million inhabitants. It is located in the south-east of the country, neighboring ...
to the east, and
Yangsan,
Gimhae, and
Changwon to the south. The city bird is the
Korean magpie
The Oriental magpie (''Pica serica'') is a species of magpie found from south-eastern Russia and Myanmar to eastern China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan and northern Indochina. It is also a common symbol of the Korean identity, and has been adopted as t ...
, the city tree is the
pine
A pine is any conifer tree or shrub in the genus ''Pinus'' () of the family Pinaceae. ''Pinus'' is the sole genus in the subfamily Pinoideae. The World Flora Online created by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Missouri Botanical Garden accepts ...
, and the city flower is the
royal azalea.
The recorded history of Miryang begins in the
Samhan period, when it was known as
Mirimidongguk. Due to its strategic location near the
Nakdong River
The Nakdonggang River or Nakdonggang () is the longest river in South Korea, and passes through major cities such as Daegu and Busan. It takes its name from its role as the eastern border of the Gaya confederacy during Korea's Three Kingdoms Er ...
, Miryang played an important role from the
Silla
Silla or Shilla (57 BCE – 935 CE) ( , Old Korean: Syera, Old Japanese: Siraki2) was a Korean kingdom located on the southern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula. Silla, along with Baekje and Goguryeo, formed the Three Kingdoms ...
period forward. It served as an important station on the
Great Yeongnam Road
The Great Yeongnam Road, or Yeongnamdaero, was one of the principal roads of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty, 1392-1910. It ran between Hanseong (modern-day Seoul) and Dongnae (in modern-day Busan). More generally, it served to connect the Gye ...
during the later
Joseon Dynasty
Joseon (; ; Middle Korean: 됴ᇢ〯션〮 Dyǒw syéon or 됴ᇢ〯션〯 Dyǒw syěon), officially the Great Joseon (; ), was the last dynastic kingdom of Korea, lasting just over 500 years. It was founded by Yi Seong-gye in July 1392 and r ...
, and in the 20th century it became a station on the
Gyeongbu Line railroad that connects
Busan
Busan (), officially known as is South Korea's most populous city after Seoul, with a population of over 3.4 million inhabitants. Formerly romanized as Pusan, it is the economic, cultural and educational center of southeastern South Korea, ...
to
Seoul
Seoul (; ; ), officially known as the Seoul Special City, is the capital and largest metropolis of South Korea.Before 1972, Seoul was the ''de jure'' capital of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) as stated iArticle 103 of ...
. Miryang remains a key stop along that line, and is now the only city between Busan and
Daegu served by
KTX express trains.
Miryang is known around Korea for the Miryang ''
arirang
"Arirang" (; ) is a Korean folk song. There are about 3,600 variations of 60 different versions of the song, all of which include a refrain similar to "''Arirang, arirang, arariyo'' ()". It is estimated the song is more than 600 years old. ...
'' and for the view from the
Yeongnamnu pavilion, subject of numerous poems from the
Joseon Dynasty
Joseon (; ; Middle Korean: 됴ᇢ〯션〮 Dyǒw syéon or 됴ᇢ〯션〯 Dyǒw syěon), officially the Great Joseon (; ), was the last dynastic kingdom of Korea, lasting just over 500 years. It was founded by Yi Seong-gye in July 1392 and r ...
. Other noted landmarks include
Eoreumgol and the temple of
Pyochungsa. Famous people from Miryang include 15th-century
Neo-Confucian
Neo-Confucianism (, often shortened to ''lǐxué'' 理學, literally "School of Principle") is a moral, ethical, and metaphysical Chinese philosophy influenced by Confucianism, and originated with Han Yu (768–824) and Li Ao (772–841) in t ...
scholar
Kim Jong-jik and 16th-century
warrior-monk Songun Yu Jeong
Samyeongdang (1544–1610), also known by his dharma name Yujeong, was a bhikkhu, Korean Buddhist monk during the Joseon era. He is sometimes identified by his pen name, Song-un. He was born to a family of the Im (Korean surname), Im clan in M ...
. The city government works actively to maintain the memory of these figures, and of other local cultural features such as the tale of
Arang
Arang, also known as "''The town of temples''" of Chhattisgarh, is a block and a Nagar Palika in Raipur District in the state of Chhattisgarh, India. It is situated near the eastern limits of Raipur City and close to Mahasamund City. Arang is ...
.
History
During the
Samhan , Miryang may have been part of the territory of
Mirimidongguk, one of the
Byeonhan tribes mentioned in the ''
San guo zhi''. Thereafter, it is believed to have been ruled by
Geumgwan Gaya
Geumgwan Gaya (43–532), also known as Bon-Gaya (본가야, 本伽倻, "original Gaya") or Garakguk (가락국, "Garak State"), was the ruling city-state of the Gaya confederacy during the Three Kingdoms Period in Korea. It is believed to have b ...
before being annexed by
Silla
Silla or Shilla (57 BCE – 935 CE) ( , Old Korean: Syera, Old Japanese: Siraki2) was a Korean kingdom located on the southern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula. Silla, along with Baekje and Goguryeo, formed the Three Kingdoms ...
. The ''
Samguk Sagi
''Samguk Sagi'' (, ''History of the Three Kingdoms'') is a historical record of the Three Kingdoms of Korea: Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla. The ''Samguk Sagi'' is written in Classical Chinese, the written language of the literati of ancient Korea, ...
'' records Mirimidongguk as being annexed by
Jijeung of Silla
Jijeung of Silla (437–514) (r. 500–514) was the 22nd ruler of the Korean kingdom of Silla. He is remembered for strengthening royal authority and building Silla into a centralized kingdom.
Like many Silla kings, Jijeung was of royal bloo ...
in 505. In this period it was known as Chuhwa-gun (). Under the general reformation of names carried out by
King Gyeongdeok in the 8th century, the name was changed to "Milseong-gun" ().
In the
Goryeo
Goryeo (; ) was a Korean kingdom founded in 918, during a time of national division called the Later Three Kingdoms period, that unified and ruled the Korean Peninsula until 1392. Goryeo achieved what has been called a "true national unificat ...
period (935–1392), Miryang was elevated to the status of a
''ju'', Mil-ju, by
King Seongjong. In 1194, Miryang was the site of a massive battle between royal forces and a massive rebel army led by
Kim Sami of Cheongdo and
Hyosim of Ulsan. More than 7,000 rebels were slain. Under
King Chungnyeol in the late 13th century, local residents led by
Jo Cheon rose up against the government; in retaliation, Mil-ju was demoted to a tributary village of
Gyeongju (then Gyerim). Later it became a ''
hyeon''. Under
King Gongyang, it was raised to the status of a ''bu''.
With the dawn of the
Joseon period (1392–1910), Miryang first became known by its modern name. Initially demoted from ''bu'' to ''gun'' (county) by
King Taejo, it was then raised back to ''bu'' and its name changed from "Milseong" to "Miryang." Under Taejo's son
King Taejong, it was once again demoted to ''gun''. Later it became a ''dohobu'', or military protectorate, and in 1895 it became a ''gun'' once again; it was to carry this status until late in the 20th century.
Under
Japanese rule, Miryang was the site of various clashes between the
Korean independence movement and the occupation forces. During the
March First Movement of 1919, approximately 13,500 Miryang residents took part in peaceful demonstrations in support of Korean independence. This led to the "
Miryang massacre," in which 150 Korean civilians were shot by occupation troops. In November 1920, independence fighter
Choe Su-bong built and detonated two bombs at the Miryang police station, destroying the structure. He attempted to kill himself but was unsuccessful; later he was put to death and his accomplices were imprisoned.
In 1989 the city center was separated from the rest of Miryang and named "Miryang-si" (Miryang City). In 1995 the city center was reunited with the hinterland and the entire region became known as Miryang-si. Both of these were part of general reorganizations of South Korean local government.
Miryang gained national attention as the location of a
notorious gang rape incident in 2004. At least 41 male high school students raped a middle school girl, while assaulting her younger sister and cousin, over the course of 11 months. Despite this atrocity, many Miryang residents blamed the victims for "seducing" the boys, and even the Miryang police officers prevented a thorough investigation, telling the victims that "Miryang is our hometown, and you ruined our city's reputation." All offenders were released with light punishments, which include in-class suspension and community service. None of the boys had to register as sex offenders. The rapists are presumed to be leading normal lives, while the victims have attempted to commit suicide numerous times.
Geography and climate
Miryang's geography is heavily influenced by the two rivers which flow through it, the Miryang and
Nakdong
The Nakdonggang River or Nakdonggang () is the longest river in South Korea, and passes through major cities such as Daegu and Busan. It takes its name from its role as the eastern border of the Gaya confederacy during Korea's Three Kingdoms Er ...
Rivers. All of Miryang lies within the Nakdong basin, and the Nakdong River itself runs along Miryang's southern border. The city's topography generally slopes from the high peaks of the
Yeongnam Alps in the northeast to the Nakdong valley in the southwest. Much of the city is drained by the
Miryang River, which rises in western
Ulsan
Ulsan (), officially the Ulsan Metropolitan City is South Korea's seventh-largest metropolitan city and the eighth-largest city overall, with a population of over 1.1 million inhabitants. It is located in the south-east of the country, neighboring ...
and flows through the city center to join the Nakdong at
Samnangjin. Portions are drained by other Nakdong tributaries, including the
Naejincheon.
The Miryang River valley south of the city center broadens into a fertile plain. This area, including large portions of
Samnangjin-eup,
Sangnam-myeon, and
Hanam-eup, serves as a local breadbasket and is almost entirely devoted to rice-farming. In Hanam-eup, it joins another plain running along the Nakdong.
As elsewhere in the
Yeongnam
Yeongnam (Hangul: 영남, ; literally "south of the passes") is a region that coincides with the former Gyeongsang Province in what is now South Korea.
The region includes the modern-day provinces of North and South Gyeongsang and the self-go ...
region, the landscape is very lumpy, with many craggy hills and low mountains. The highest mountain in Miryang is
Gajisan (), which stands on the northern border. Other high peaks along the border include
Hwaaksan and
Cheonhwangsan (also called Jaeyaksan). These peaks are part of the Yeongnam Alps, a branch of the
Taebaek Mountains
The Taebaek Mountains are a mountain range that stretches across North Korea and South Korea. They form the main ridge of the Korean peninsula.
Geography
The Taebaek mountains are located along the eastern edge of the peninsula and run along ...
.
Further south, the mountains are lower but still quite frequent. Notable peaks in this area include
Maneosan in Samnangjin and
Cheontaesan on the border with
Yangsan. Steep mountain valleys abound; these are often used for
reservoir
A reservoir (; from French ''réservoir'' ) is an enlarged lake behind a dam. Such a dam may be either artificial, built to store fresh water or it may be a natural formation.
Reservoirs can be created in a number of ways, including contro ...
s that store water for
irrigation
Irrigation (also referred to as watering) is the practice of applying controlled amounts of water to land to help grow crops, landscape plants, and lawns. Irrigation has been a key aspect of agriculture for over 5,000 years and has been devel ...
or
drinking
Drinking is the act of ingesting water or other liquids into the body through the mouth, proboscis, or elsewhere. Humans drink by swallowing, completed by peristalsis in the esophagus. The physiological processes of drinking vary widely am ...
purposes. Some of the larger reservoirs in Miryang include
Miryang Lake and
Antae Lake.
Climate
Like most of the rest of
South Korea
South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and sharing a land border with North Korea. Its western border is formed by the Yellow Sea, while its eas ...
, Miryang enjoys a relatively mild temperate climate. The average windspeed is about , the average temperature , and the annual rainfall in 2004 was .
The mountains along its north flank afford Miryang a measure of shelter from heavy winds and other severe weather coming from the north. On the other hand, it is relatively vulnerable to damage from
tropical storm
A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Dependi ...
s encroaching from the south.
The Miryang and Nakdong valleys are subject to frequent floods during
typhoon
A typhoon is a mature tropical cyclone that develops between 180° and 100°E in the Northern Hemisphere. This region is referred to as the Northwestern Pacific Basin, and is the most active tropical cyclone basin on Earth, accounting for a ...
s, as well as more predictable flooding during the
monsoon season. Other natural disasters are uncommon.
Administrative divisions
Miryang is divided into 16 primary divisions, of which 2 are ''eup'' (large villages
owns, 5 are ''dong'' (city precincts
eighborhoods, and 9 are ''myeon'' (rural areas
ownships or sub-counties. Some of the ''dong'' are further subdivided, so that the city center is composed of eight legal ''dong'' in total. The ''eup'' and ''myeon'' are broken into ''ri'', of which Miryang has a total of 265 administrative or 119 legal.
Government and politics
Like other cities and counties in South Korea, Miryang enjoys a limited degree of
local autonomy. Since 1995, the mayor and city council have been elected directly by the local citizens.
The current mayor i
Park Il-ho (박일호, 朴一浩) a member of the
United Future Party 미래통합당. He took office on June 30, 2014.
Economy
The economy of Miryang draws heavily on its central location and prominence as a tourist destination. In addition,
agriculture
Agriculture or farming is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people t ...
continues to play an important role, particularly in outlying districts. The Miryang River valley supports extensive rice farming operations, while livestock farming is more common on higher ground.
Transportation
Miryang is roughly equidistant from
Daegu and
Busan
Busan (), officially known as is South Korea's most populous city after Seoul, with a population of over 3.4 million inhabitants. Formerly romanized as Pusan, it is the economic, cultural and educational center of southeastern South Korea, ...
, and is connected to both cities by road and rail. By road, Miryang is served by two exits on the
Daegu-Busan Expressway, as well as numerous national and local highways. By rail, it is served both by the
Gyeongbu Line (Seoul-Busan) and the
Gyeongjeon Line (to
Masan
Masan is an administrative region of Changwon, a city in the South Gyeongsang Province. It was formerly an independent city from 1949 until 30 June 2010, when it was absorbed to Changwon along with Jinhae. Masan was redistricted as two distric ...
); the northern terminus of the Gyeongjeon Line lies just north of
Samnangjin near the meeting of the Nakdong and Miryang Rivers. Miryang is the only city between Daegu and Busan currently served by the
KTX express train.
In addition to
Miryang station in the city center, outlying regions are served by
Samnangjin station and
Sangdong station on the Gyeongbu Line, and
Nakdonggang station on the Gyeongjeon Line. These outlying stations are served only by a small number of
Mugunghwa-ho
The Mugunghwa-ho is a class of train operated by Korail, main railway operator of South Korea. Mugunghwa trains are Korail's slowest tier of trains stopping at a number of towns and villages, and operating over a number of lines that are not se ...
passenger trains.
Except for Nakdonggang station, the stations in Miryang also serve freight trains. The most active freight station is Sangdong, which sent out 74,762 tons of freight in 2004.
Culture
Miryang is known as the home of the Miryang
arirang
"Arirang" (; ) is a Korean folk song. There are about 3,600 variations of 60 different versions of the song, all of which include a refrain similar to "''Arirang, arirang, arariyo'' ()". It is estimated the song is more than 600 years old. ...
. This is sometimes considered to be close to the original version of the arirang, which may have drawn its name from the Miryang area folktale of
Arang
Arang, also known as "''The town of temples''" of Chhattisgarh, is a block and a Nagar Palika in Raipur District in the state of Chhattisgarh, India. It is situated near the eastern limits of Raipur City and close to Mahasamund City. Arang is ...
. The Miryang Arirang Festival is held each May to commemorate and keep alive this tradition and other aspects of local heritage.
Other preserved aspects of Korean traditional culture are the
Baekjung
The Ghost Festival, also known as the Zhongyuan Festival (traditional Chinese: 中元節; simplified Chinese: ) in Taoism and Yulanpen Festival () in Buddhism, is a traditional Taoist and Buddhist festival held in certain East Asian countrie ...
performances.
The people of Miryang speak a version of the
Gyeongsang dialect
The Gyeongsang dialects (also spelled Kyŏngsang), or Southeastern Korean, are dialects of the Korean language of the Yeongnam region, which includes both Gyeongsang provinces,
North and South. There are approximately 13,000,000 speakers. Unlike ...
of
Korean
Korean may refer to:
People and culture
* Koreans, ethnic group originating in the Korean Peninsula
* Korean cuisine
* Korean culture
* Korean language
**Korean alphabet, known as Hangul or Chosŏn'gŭl
**Korean dialects and the Jeju language
** ...
. In studies of
Korean dialectology, Miryang dialect has been contrasted with the
Changwon dialect in terms of the use of pitch.
Miryang is notable for being filming location and the setting of the 2007 film ''
Miryang'' (released in English-language markets under the title ''Secret Sunshine'').
Education
The history of education in Miryang can be traced back to the
Goryeo
Goryeo (; ) was a Korean kingdom founded in 918, during a time of national division called the Later Three Kingdoms period, that unified and ruled the Korean Peninsula until 1392. Goryeo achieved what has been called a "true national unificat ...
period, when a ''
hyanggyo
The Hyanggyo were government-run provincial schools established separately during the Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392) and Joseon Dynasty (July 1392 - August 1910), but did not meet with widespread success in either dynasty. They were officially closed ...
'', a government-run village school, was constructed in the town center (modern-day
Gyo-dong). This school, famed for its size, continued in operation through the
Joseon period, although it was gradually supplanted by numerous local
seodang
Seodang were private village schools providing elementary education during the Goryeo and Joseon dynasties of Korea.
Background
They were primarily occupied with providing initial training in the Chinese classics to boys of 7-16 years of age, bu ...
and
seowon
Seowon () were the most common educational institutions of Korea during the mid- to late Joseon Dynasty. They were private institutions, and combined the functions of a Confucian shrine and a preparatory school. In educational terms, the seowon ...
. All of these institutions concentrated on training young men for the
royal civil service examinations. This system lasted until the abolition of the examinations in the
Gabo Reforms
The Gabo Reform, also known as the Kabo Reform, describes a series of sweeping reforms suggested to the government of Korea, beginning in 1894 and ending in 1896 during the reign of Gojong of Korea in response to the Donghak Peasant Revolution. ...
of 1894.
Today in Miryang, as elsewhere in South Korea, compulsory public education is provided for all students through middle school, and almost all students complete high school as well. Education within the city is overseen by the Miryang Office of Education, which is administered directly by the Gyeongsangnam-do provincial Office of Education. This is in turn accountable to the national
Ministry of Education
An education ministry is a national or subnational government agency politically responsible for education. Various other names are commonly used to identify such agencies, such as Ministry of Education, Department of Education, and Ministry of Pub ...
, which sets the national curriculum for all schools.
There are 23 elementary schools, 14 middle schools, and 8 high schools in Miryang. Supplementary private education is offered through
hagwon
Hagwon () is the Korean-language word for a for-profit private institute, academy, or cram school prevalent in South Korea. Although most widely known for their role as "cram schools", where children can study to improve test scores, hagwons actu ...
s, which are strongly concentrated in the city center, with some in outlying towns.
There is only one institution of higher education in Miryang. This is the Miryang campus of
Pusan National University. The Miryang campus primarily serves science and technology students, hosting the College of Nano Science and Technology and the College of Biological Sciences. It is located in northern
Samnangjin-eup, roughly 9 km from the Miryang city center. A branch campus, formerly the main campus, is located near downtown Miryang. These two campuses were merged into Pusan National University in 2006. Previously, they made up a separate university called
Miryang National University, which traced its roots back to 1923.
Tourism
Miryang has been known for centuries for its scenery of mountains and valleys; the
Yeongnamnu pavilion overlooking the Miryang River appears in numerous Joseon Dynasty writings. The northeastern corner of the city occupies a portion of the
Yeongnam Alps; part of this region is included in
Gajisan Provincial Park. Noted natural landmarks include the "ice valley" of
Eoreumgol, also located in the northeast.
A number of noted historic landmarks are found in Miryang. These include various
seowon
Seowon () were the most common educational institutions of Korea during the mid- to late Joseon Dynasty. They were private institutions, and combined the functions of a Confucian shrine and a preparatory school. In educational terms, the seowon ...
, or Confucian academies, including the
Yerim Seowon dedicated to
Kim Jong-jik and the
Pyochung Seowon, which is the only seowon constructed inside a Buddhist temple (
Pyochungsa). The Yeongnamnu pavilion and nearby buildings date from the
Joseon and
Goryeo
Goryeo (; ) was a Korean kingdom founded in 918, during a time of national division called the Later Three Kingdoms period, that unified and ruled the Korean Peninsula until 1392. Goryeo achieved what has been called a "true national unificat ...
periods.
South Korean National Treasure No. 75 is located at Pyochungsa.
Yangyangji, which was built during the
Silla Dynasty, was a water reservoir for the rice paddies, but it lost its original function due to a huge additional reservoir. But instead of putting water on the rice fields, the park attracts many tourists with picturesque scenery.
Twin towns – sister cities
Miryang is
twinned with:
*
Yasugi
is a city located in Shimane Prefecture, Japan. As of March 1, 2017, the city has an estimated population of 38,875 and a population density of 92 persons per km². The total area is .
History
The ruins of Gassantoda Castle are in Yasugi.
Acco ...
,
Shimane, Japan (1990)
*
Ōmihachiman,
Shiga, Japan (1994)
*
Benxi
Benxi (, ) is a prefecture-level city located in the east of Liaoning province, People's Republic of China, south-southeast of the provincial capital Shenyang. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,326,018 (1,709,538 in 2010) whom 809,655 ...
,
Liaoning, China (1998)
*
Namwon
Namwon (; ''Namwon-si'') is a city in North Jeolla Province, South Korea. Namwon is about 50 minutes from the provincial capital of Jeonju, which is almost three hours away from Seoul. The official city flower is Royal Azalea () while the city tr ...
,
North Jeolla
North Jeolla Province (; ''Jeollabuk-do''), also known as Jeonbuk, is a province of South Korea. North Jeolla has a population of 1,869,711 (2015) and has a geographic area of 8,067 km2 (3,115 sq mi) located in the Honam region in the southwes ...
, South Korea (1999)
*
Ulan Hot,
Inner Mongolia
Inner Mongolia, officially the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. Its border includes most of the length of China's border with the country of Mongolia. Inner Mongolia also accounts for a ...
, China (1999)
*
New Milford,
New Jersey
New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York; on the east, southeast, and south by the Atlantic Ocean; on the west by the Delaware ...
, United States (2004)
*
Handan,
Hebei
Hebei or , (; alternately Hopeh) is a northern province of China. Hebei is China's sixth most populous province, with over 75 million people. Shijiazhuang is the capital city. The province is 96% Han Chinese, 3% Manchu, 0.8% Hui, and 0 ...
, China (2004)
*
Setouchi,
Okayama, Japan (2006)
*
Nanping
Nanping (), historically known as Yanping (), is a third-tier prefecture-level city in northwestern Fujian Province, People's Republic of China. It borders Ningde to the east, Sanming to the south, and the provinces of Zhejiang and Jiangxi to ...
,
Fujian
Fujian (; alternately romanized as Fukien or Hokkien) is a province on the southeastern coast of China. Fujian is bordered by Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west, Guangdong to the south, and the Taiwan Strait to the east. Its cap ...
, China (2016)
See also
*
Secret Sunshine
''Secret Sunshine'' () is a 2007 South Korean drama film directed by Lee Chang-dong. The screenplay based on the short fiction "The Story of a Bug" by Lee Cheong-jun that focuses on a woman as she wrestles with the questions of grief, madness an ...
*
List of cities in South Korea
The largest cities of South Korea have an autonomous status equivalent to that of provinces. Seoul, the largest city and capital, is classified as a ''teukbyeolsi'' ( Special City), while the next six-largest cities are classified as ''gwangye ...
References
Bibliography
*
*
*
External links
City government website
{{Coord, 35, 30, N, 128, 45, E, region:KR-48_type:city, display=title
Cities in South Gyeongsang Province