Minamishimabara, Nagasaki
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is a
city A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...
in
Nagasaki Prefecture is a Prefectures of Japan, prefecture of Japan located on the island of Kyūshū. Nagasaki Prefecture has a population of 1,314,078 (1 June 2020) and has a geographic area of 4,130 Square kilometre, km2 (1,594 sq mi). Nagasaki Prefecture borders ...
, Japan. It occupies the southern tip of
Shimabara Peninsula is a peninsula located in Nagasaki Prefecture on the island of Kyushu, Japan. The peninsula incorporates the cities of Shimabara, Minamishimabara, Unzen. It was also the site of the Shimabara Rebellion, a 1637-1638 peasant and rōnin revolt, led ...
. , the city has an estimated population of 45,465 and a population density of 270 persons per km2. The total area is 169.89 km2. The modern city of Minamishimabara was founded on March 31, 2006, from the merger of the towns of
Arie Arie is a masculine given name. As a Dutch name, Arie (pronounced ) is generally a short form of Adrianus, but sometimes also of Arend or Arent, Arnout or Arnoud, or even Aaron. As a Hebrew, Jewish, or Israeli name, Arie (pronounced ) is a tr ...
, Fukae,
Futsu was a town located in Minamitakaki District, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 4,788 and a density of 455.13 persons per km². The total area was 10.52 km². On March 31, 2006, Futsu, along with th ...
, Kazusa, Kitaarima, Kuchinotsu, Minamiarima and Nishiarie (all from Minamitakaki District). Minamitakaki District was dissolved as a result of this merger.


History

The area now comprising Minamishimabara was under the control of the
Arima clan The is a Japanese samurai family. Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph. (1906). ''Dictionnaire d’histoire et de géographie du Japon''; Papinot, (2003).html" ;"title="DF 6-7 of 80">"Arima," ''Nobiliare du Japon'', pp. 2-3 DF__...
,_who_ruled_from_Hinoe_Castle.html" ;"title="DF 6-7 of 80/nowiki>">DF ...
, who ruled from Hinoe Castle">DF 6-7 of 80/nowiki>">DF ...
, who ruled from Hinoe Castle in the Muromachi period. The area was the site of considerable foreign trade and Portuguese and Spanish missionary activity, and by the early Edo period, a large percentage of the population were ''Kirishitan''. After the start of the national isolation policy, the
Tokugawa Bakufu The Tokugawa shogunate (, Japanese 徳川幕府 ''Tokugawa bakufu''), also known as the , was the military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"''Tokugawa-jidai''"in ''Japan Encyclopedi ...
banned Christianity from 1614 and replaced
Arima Naozumi was a Japanese samurai lord who was daimyo of Shimabara Domain and head of the Hizen-Arima clan. Biography Naozumi was born at Hinoe Castle in Shimabara, in 1586, the first son of daimyo Arima Harunobu, who was a Kirishitan. He was baptiz ...
with
Matsukura Shigemasa was a Japanese feudal lord of the late Sengoku and early Edo periods. He held the title of ''Bingo no Kami'' and the Imperial court rank of junior 5th, lower grade (''ju-go i no ge''). Though he began as a retainer of Tsutsui Sadatsugu of Yam ...
, who relocated the capital of
Shimabara Domain The was a Japanese domain of the Edo period. It is associated with Hizen Province in modern-day Saga Prefecture.DF__...,_who_were_''Kirishitan">DF_6-7_of_80/nowiki>">DF__...,_who_were_''Kirishitan_daimyō.html" ;"title="Kirishitan.html" ;"title ...
to
Shimabara Castle , also known as and , is a Japanese castle located in Shimabara, Hizen Province (present day Nagasaki prefecture). This five-story white building stands in stark contrast to the black Kumamoto Castle in neighboring Kumamoto Prefecture. Descripti ...
is what is now Shimabara. Due to misgovernment, high taxes and persecution of Christianity, the population rose in the
Shimabara Rebellion The , also known as the or , was an uprising that occurred in the Shimabara Domain of the Tokugawa Shogunate in Japan from 17 December 1637 to 15 April 1638. Matsukura Katsuie, the ''daimyō'' of the Shimabara Domain, enforced unpopular polic ...
of 1637, with the peasants occupying the fortress of
Hara Castle was a Japanese castle in Hizen Province (today in Minamishimabara, Nagasaki). During the Shimabara Rebellion The , also known as the or , was an uprising that occurred in the Shimabara Domain of the Tokugawa Shogunate in Japan from 17 ...
as their strongpoint. The rebellion was suppressed with extreme severity by the
Tokugawa Bakufu The Tokugawa shogunate (, Japanese 徳川幕府 ''Tokugawa bakufu''), also known as the , was the military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"''Tokugawa-jidai''"in ''Japan Encyclopedi ...
, and the area of Minamishimabara was ruled by a branch of the
Matsudaira clan The was a Japanese samurai clan that descended from the Minamoto clan. It originated in and took its name from Matsudaira village, in Mikawa Province (modern-day Aichi Prefecture). During the Sengoku period, the chieftain of the main line of t ...
from 1668 to 1774 and from 1774 to 1871.


Geography


Climate

Minamishimabara has a
humid subtropical climate A humid subtropical climate is a zone of climate characterized by hot and humid summers, and cool to mild winters. These climates normally lie on the southeast side of all continents (except Antarctica), generally between latitudes 25° and 40° ...
(
Köppen Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Bernd Köppen (born 1951), German pianist and composer * Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan * Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author and ...
:''Cfa'') with hot summers and cool winters. The average annual temperature in Minamishimabara is . The average annual rainfall is with June as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around , and lowest in January, at around . Its record high is , reached on 7 August 2009, and its record low is , reached on 25 January 2016.


Demographics

Per Japanese census data, the population of Minamishimabara in 2020 is 42,330 people. Minamishimabara has been conducting censuses since 1920. Minamishimabara's population peaked in 1945 and has since declined; the city's population in 2020 is only 50% of its 1945 population.


References


External links

* * Cities in Nagasaki Prefecture {{Nagasaki-geo-stub