Mediterranean Revival is an
architectural style
An architectural style is a set of characteristics and features that make a building or other structure notable or historically identifiable. It is a sub-class of style in the visual arts generally, and most styles in architecture relate closely ...
introduced in the United States,
Canada
Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by to ...
, and certain other countries in the 19th century. It incorporated references from
Spanish Renaissance,
Spanish Colonial,
Italian Renaissance,
French Colonial,
Beaux-Arts,
Moorish architecture
Moorish architecture is a style within Islamic architecture which developed in the western Islamic world, including al-Andalus (on the Iberian Peninsula, Iberian peninsula) and what is now Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia (part of the Maghreb). The ...
, and
Venetian Gothic architecture.
Peaking in popularity during the 1920s and 1930s, the movement drew heavily on the style of
palaces and seaside
villas and applied them to the rapidly expanding coastal resorts of Florida and California.
Structures are typically based on a rectangular floor plan, and feature massive, symmetrical primary façades.
Stuccoed walls, red
tiled roofs, windows in the shape of arches or circles, one or two stories, wood or
wrought iron balconies with window grilles, and articulated door surrounds are characteristic.
Keystones were occasionally employed. Ornamentation may be simple or dramatic. Lush gardens often appear.
The style was most commonly applied to hotels, apartment buildings, commercial structures, and residences. Architects
August Geiger and
Addison Mizner
Addison Cairns Mizner (December 12, 1872 – February 5, 1933) was an American architect whose Mediterranean Revival and Spanish Colonial Revival style interpretations left an indelible stamp on South Florida, where it continues to inspire archit ...
were foremost in Florida, while
Bertram Goodhue,
Sumner Spaulding, and
Paul Williams were in California.
There are also examples of this architectural style in
Cuba
Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, República de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located where the northern Caribb ...
, such as the
Hotel Nacional de Cuba
The Hotel Nacional de Cuba is a historic Spanish eclectic style hotel in Havana, Cuba, opened in 1930. Located on the sea front of Vedado district, it stands on Taganana Hill, offering commanding views of the sea and the city.
History
Design ...
, in
Havana
Havana (; Spanish: ''La Habana'' ) is the capital and largest city of Cuba. The heart of the La Habana Province, Havana is the country's main port and commercial center. .
Examples
*
E. W. Marland Mansion
The E.W. Marland Mansion is a Mediterranean Revival-style mansion located in Ponca City, Oklahoma, United States. Built by oil baron and philanthropist Ernest Whitworth (E.W.) Marland, as a display of wealth at the peak of the 1920s oil boom, ...
in Ponca City, Oklahoma, completed in 1928
*
Hayes Mansion
The Hayes Mansion is a historic mansion estate in the Edenvale neighborhood of San Jose, California. The mansion currently operates as a hotel resort and is currently known as Hayes Mansion San Jose, Curio Collection by Hilton. The hotel has be ...
in San Jose, California, completed in 1905
* Rose Crest Mansion (Currently a portion of
The Mary Louis Academy
The Mary Louis Academy, also known as TMLA, is an all-girls private Catholic college preparatory academy, located in Jamaica Estates, Queens, New York City. TMLA's campus encompasses eight buildings situated on private grounds at the top of ...
) in Jamaica Estates, New York, completed in 1909
*
Delaware and Hudson Passenger Station, Lake George, New York, 1909–1911
*
Villa Vizcaya
The Vizcaya Museum and Gardens, previously known as Villa Vizcaya, is the former villa and Estate (land), estate of businessperson, businessman James Deering, of the Deering McCormick-International Harvester fortune, on Biscayne Bay in the presen ...
in Miami, Florida, completed in 1914
*
Presidio building in San Francisco, California, completed in 1912
* The
Ambassador Hotel in Los Angeles, California, 1921 (demolished)
*
Allouez Pump House in Allouez, Wisconsin, 1925
*
Freedom Tower in Miami, Florida, completed in 1925
*
The Twilight Zone Tower of Terror in Walt Disney World, Orlando, Florida. 1994
*
Vinoy Park Hotel
The Vinoy Renaissance St. Petersburg Resort & Golf Club is an historic Mediterranean Revival-style hotel opened in 1925 as the Vinoy Park Hotel. It is located in St. Petersburg, Florida at 501 Fifth Avenue Northeast, on the bayfront area of downt ...
in St. Petersburg, Florida, completed in 1925
*
Snell Arcade
The Snell Arcade (also known as the Rutland Building) is a historic site in St. Petersburg, Florida. The building was designed by the architect Richard Kiehnel of Kiehnel and Elliott. Built in 1926, it is located at 405 Central Avenue. On Novemb ...
in St. Petersburg, Florida. 1925
*
Boca Raton Resort & Club in Boca Raton, Florida, completed in 1926
*
Miami-Biltmore Hotel
The Miami Biltmore Hotel (commonly called The Biltmore Hotel or The Biltmore) is a luxury hotel in Coral Gables, Florida. The hotel was designed by Schultze and Weaver and was built in 1926 by John McEntee Bowman and George Merrick as part of th ...
in Coral Gables, Florida, completed in 1926
*
Fort Harrison Hotel in Clearwater, Florida, completed in 1926
*
Cà d'Zan, former John Ringling estate in Sarasota, Florida, completed in 1926
*
Francis Marion Stokes Fourplex
The Francis Marion Stokes Fourplex is a historic residential building located in the Northwest district of Portland, Oregon, United States.
Architecture
The Fourplex is an example of Mediterranean Revival Style architecture. It is laid out on a ...
in Portland, Oregon, completed in 1926
*
Florida Theatre in Jacksonville, Florida, completed in 1927
*
Pasadena City Hall
Pasadena City Hall, completed in 1927, serves as the central location for city government in the City of Pasadena, California and is a significant architectural example of the City Beautiful movement of the 1920s.
History
In 1923, the people o ...
in Pasadena, California, 1927
* Gaia Apartment Building in
Berkeley, California, 2001
*
Nottingham Cooperative, 1927, Madison, Wisconsin
* Greenacres (Former
Harold Lloyd Estate) in Beverly Hills, California, completed in 1928
*
Don CeSar Hotel, St. Pete Beach, Florida, completed in 1928
*
Beverly Shores Railroad Station, 1928
*
Catalina Casino in Avalon, California, completed May 29, 1929
*
Port Washington Fire Engine House in Wisconsin, completed in 1929
*
Casa Casuarina (Versace Mansion, now known as The Villa By Barton G.) in Miami Beach, Florida, 1930
*
Santa Fe Railway depot in Fullerton, California, completed 1930
*
Town Club (Portland, Oregon), completed 1931
*
Beverly Hills City Hall
The Beverly Hills City Hall is a historic building and city hall in Beverly Hills, California.
Location
The building is surrounded by North Santa Monica Boulevard, North Rexford Drive, South Santa Monica Boulevard, and North Crescent Drive.Google ...
, Beverly Hills, California, 1932
*
Cooley High School, Detroit, Michigan, built in 1928
*
Sunrise Theatre, Fort Pierce, Florida, built in 1922
* The Church of Scientology's
Flag Building, Clearwater, Florida, completed in 2011
*
Plymouth County Hospital, a tuberculosis sanatorium in Hanson, Massachusetts. Completed in 1919
* The
Wolfsonian-FIU, in Miami Beach, Florida, 1927
* The
L. Ron Hubbard House
The L. Ron Hubbard House, also known as the Original Founding Church of Scientology, is a writer's house museum and former Scientology church located at 1812 19th Street NW in the Dupont Circle neighborhood of Washington, D.C., United States. P ...
, Washington, D.C., built in 1904
See also
*
Italianate architecture
*
Gothicmed
Gothicmed is a European Union project carried out within the Culture 2000 programme and headed by the Ministry of Culture of the regional government of Valencia (Valencian Community), Spain.Grant agreement nº 2004/1479 The aim of the project is ...
– project which includes finding further insight to
Gothic architecture
Gothic architecture (or pointed architecture) is an architectural style that was prevalent in Europe from the late 12th to the 16th century, during the High and Late Middle Ages, surviving into the 17th and 18th centuries in some areas. It ...
in the Mediterranean area
*
Mission Revival Style architecture
*
Spanish Colonial Revival architecture
The Spanish Colonial Revival Style ( es, Arquitectura neocolonial española) is an architectural stylistic movement arising in the early 20th century based on the Spanish Colonial architecture of the Spanish colonization of the Americas.
In th ...
*
Mar del Plata style, eclectic vernacular style which borrows some of the references incorporated by the Mediterranean Revival
*
Moorish Revival architecture
References
Sources
*
*
*
* Nolan, David. ''The Houses of St. Augustine''. Sarasota, Pineapple Press, 1995.
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mediterranean Revival Architecture
American architectural styles
Revival architectural styles
Addison Mizner