Mariano Ignacio Prado Ochoa (December 18, 1825 – May 5, 1901) was a Peruvian

army general Army general is the highest ranked general officer in many countries that use the French Revolutionary System.　 In countries that adopt the general officer four rank system, it is rank of general commanding an army in the field, but in coun ...

who served as the 16th (1865 - 1868) and 21st (1876 - 1879)

President of Peru The president of Peru ( es, link=no, presidente del Perú), officially called the president of the Republic of Peru ( es, link=no, presidente de la República del Perú), is the head of state and head of government of Peru. The president is th ...

Biography

Born in

Huánuco Huánuco (; qu, Wanuku) is a city in central Peru. It had a population of 196,627 as of 2017 and in 2015 it had a population of 175,068. It is the capital of the Huánuco Region and the Huánuco District. It is the seat of the diocese of Hu� ...

on December 18, 1825, he studied in Huanuco and then in Lima. He entered the army at an early age and served in the provinces of Southern Peru. In 1865 Prado led a coup to overthrow President Juan Antonio Pezet who under the threat of a large Spanish fleet surrendered sovereignty over the

Chincha Islands The Chincha Islands () are a group of three small islands off the southwest coast of Peru, to which they belong, near the town of Pisco. Since pre- Incan times they were of interest for their extensive guano deposits, but the supplies were most ...

and agreed to pay a large indemnity to Spain.

Vice President A vice president, also director in British English, is an officer in government or business who is below the president (chief executive officer) in rank. It can also refer to executive vice presidents, signifying that the vice president is on ...

Pedro Diez Canseco Pedro Diez Canseco Corbacho (January 31, 1815 in Arequipa, Peru – April 3, 1893 in Chorrillos, Peru) was a Peruvian soldier and politician who served as President of Peru The president of Peru ( es, link=no, presidente del Perú), offic ...

became Provisional President until new elections were held later that year and which Prado won. In 1866 the Spanish fleet attacked and was defeated under General Prado's command at the Battle of Dos de Mayo in Callao 1866. His 12 year old son and later hero Leoncio Prado participated in the battle. Prado had put together an alliance with Chile, Bolivia and Ecuador all of whom supplied troops that defeated Spain. At the time only Peru had a few naval vessels which earlier had forced the Spanish fleet to retire at the

Battle of Abtao The Battle of Abtao was a naval battle fought on February 7, 1866, during the Chincha Islands War, between a Spanish squadron and a combined Peruvian-Chilean fleet, at the island of Abtao in the Gulf of Ancud near Chiloé Archipelago in south-c ...

, Chile in 1866. In gratitude, Chile conferred Prado with the honorary title of General of the Army of Chile. He served as the

President of the Chamber of Deputies President of the Chamber of Deputies may refer to: * List of presidents of the Argentine Chamber of Deputies * List of presidents of the Chamber of Deputies of Bolivia * President of the Chamber of Deputies (Brazil) * President of the Chamber of Dep ...

from 1874 to 1875. After

Manuel Pardo Manuel Pardo may refer to: * Manuel Pardo (governor) (1774–?), Spanish soldier and governor of Spanish Texas * Manuel Pardo (politician) (1834–1878), 31st president of Peru * Manuel Pardo (serial killer) (1956–2012), American murderer ...

's presidential term ended in 1876, Prado was elected president again on August 2 of that year. His second term was marked by the War of the Pacific (1879–1884) which broke out with

Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east a ...

. Prado took active command of the defenses of

Tacna Tacna is a city in southern Peru and the regional capital of the Tacna Region. A very commercially active city, it is located only north of the border with Arica y Parinacota Region from Chile, inland from the Pacific Ocean and in the valley of ...

and Tarapacá (where he met Bolivian president Hilarión Daza), with the intention of taking command of the armies assembling there. Former President Pardo had downsized the army to 2,000 soldiers and had failed to modernize. President Prado returned to Lima to organize the defense of the country. In 1879 the Congress of Peru authorized President Prado to leave the country in search of arms in New York and naval vessels in Brest, France. On December 18 he left for New York to meet with William R. Grace founder of W.R. Grace (founded in Lima in 1854) and friend of President Prado. Upon his arrival in New York, he was informed that Nicolas de Pierola had taken control of the capital Lima on December 23. Nicolas de Pierola had been plotting to take over for many years and had returned to Lima from Santiago just before the war with Chile broke out. Pierola used Prado's trip to claim Prado had fled the country. These and subsequent accusations were proven false. Pierola mismanaged the war effort and deserted the capital when Chile troops landed in Barranco, south of Lima. Despite the occupation of Lima, the war with Chile continued led by General Caceres. During this phase of the war General Prado's son Leoncio was captured and executed by Chile. General Prado lost three sons in the war with Chile. An armistice was signed on October 20, 1883, and a final peace treaty was signed in 1929 with the return of Tacna to Peru. Prado was exonerated by General Caceres and returned to Peru. General Prado was also a successful businessman who accumulated his fortune prior to entering politics. His wife Magdalena Ugarteche came from a wealthy business family. He had holdings in various enterprises including mining in Peru and Chile. For health reasons he went to Paris in 1901 where he died. His son

Manuel Ignacio Prado Ugarteche Manuel Carlos Prado y Ugarteche (April 21, 1889 – August 15, 1967) was a banker who served twice as President of Peru. Son of former president Mariano Ignacio Prado, he was born in Lima and served as the nation's 43rd (1939 - 1945) and 46th (1 ...

was two times President of Peru.

Notes

References

1. ↑ Mazzei de Grazia, Leonardo (2000). «Gestiones empresariales de un norteamericano en Concepción en el siglo XIX: Guillermo Gibson Délano». Santiago de Chile: Universidad de Concepción.. Consultado el 31 Ene 2007. * 3 . El Viaje de Prado (1977) by Guillermo Thorndike 4. Aclarando una Infamia (2017) by Antonio Gárate Calle

External links

ancestry.com
{{DEFAULTSORT:Prado, Mariano Ignacio 1825 births 1901 deaths Peruvian people of Spanish descent Mariano Ignacio History of Peru Presidents of Peru Presidents of the Chamber of Deputies of Peru People of the Chincha Islands War People of the War of the Pacific People from Huánuco Freemasons

Biography

See also

Notes

References

External links