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Tacna
Tacna was known for its mining industry; it had significant deposits of sodium nitrate and other resources. Its economic prosperity attracted a wave of immigrants from Italy. Today, their Italian Peruvian descendants live in the city and many of them still have Italian surnames. This era of successful commerce and agriculture ended drastically with the start of the War of the Pacific. Hosting a large Peru-Bolivian army under poor sanitary conditions the city lost a substantial part of its population to infectious diseases before its capture by Chile in May 1880 following a Battle of Tacna, defeat of the allied army in the outskirts of the city by a Chilean force under General Manuel Baquedano. Occupation by Chile During the war, the cities of Tacna and Arica, Chile, Arica were occupied by the Chilean Army, with Tacna being incorporated as a Communes of Chile, commune with a Tacna Province (Chile), province of the same name. A peace agreement, the Treaty of Ancón, was signed in 188 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tacna Province (Chile)
The Tacna Province was a territorial division of Chile that existed between 1884 and 1929. It was ceded by the Treaty of Ancón in 1883 and placed under military administration, and then created on the 31st of October 1884, incorporating the former Peruvian provinces of Tacna Province, Tacna and Arica of the also former Tacna Department, as well as a contested claim over Tarata, Peru#Occupation by Chile, Tarata, and was returned to Peru at midnight on the 28th of August 1929, under the terms agreed upon in the Treaty of Lima (1929), Treaty of Lima of the same year. History The province was first established on October 31, 1883 by a law promulgated by President Domingo Santa María which defined its limits as the Sama River to the north, the ''Quebrada de Camarones'' to the south, the Andes mountain range to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. This was under the conditions of Treaty of Ancón, by means of which Chile achieved dominion over the Tarapacá Department (Peru) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tacna Region
Tacna (; Aymara & Quechua: Taqna) is the southernmost department and region in Peru. The Chilean Army occupied the present-day Tacna Department during the War of the Pacific from 1885 to 1929 when it was reincorporated into Peruvian soil. Geography The department of Tacna is bordered by the Pacific Ocean on the west, the department of Moquegua on the north, the department of Puno on the northeast, the Bolivian La Paz Department on the east, and the Arica-Parinacota Region of Chile on the south. The border between the Tacna Region and Chile is known as ''La Línea de la Concordia''. The region is located below the Titicaca plateau and has a diverse geography, including volcanoes, deserts, and mountainous zones, from which arise rivers that go over the punas and the plateaus, thus forming the hydrographical system of this zone. The region is small in size but has a significant mining and agriculture potential. It has various climates and diverse production. Climate This area ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Tacna
The Battle of Tacna, also known as the ''Battle of the Peak of the Alliance'' (Spanish: ''Batalla del Alto de la Alianza''), effectively destroyed the Peru-Bolivian alliance against Chile, forged by a secret treaty signed in 1873. On May 26, 1880, the Chilean Northern Operations Army led by General Manuel Baquedano González, conclusively defeated the combined armies of Peru and Bolivia commanded by Bolivian President, General Narciso Campero. The battle took place at the Inti Urqu ''(Intiorko)'' hill plateau, a few miles north of the Peruvian city of Tacna. As a result, Bolivia was knocked out of the war, leaving Peru to fight the rest of the war alone. Also, this victory consolidated the Chilean domain over the Tarapacá Department. The territory was definitively annexed to Chile after the signing of the ''Tratado de Ancón'', in 1884, which ended the war. Tacna itself remained under Chilean control until 1929. Prologue After their success in the Tarapacá campaign, the Chile ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
War Of The Pacific
The War of the Pacific ( es, link=no, Guerra del Pacífico), also known as the Saltpeter War ( es, link=no, Guerra del salitre) and by multiple other names, was a war between Chile and a Bolivian–Peruvian alliance from 1879 to 1884. Fought over Chilean claims on coastal Bolivian territory in the Atacama Desert, the war ended with a Chilean victory, which gained for the country a significant amount of resource-rich territory from Peru and Bolivia. The war began over a nitrate taxation dispute between Bolivia and Chile, with Peru being drawn in due to its secret alliance with Bolivia. But historians have pointed to deeper origins of the war, such as the interest of Chile and Peru in the nitrate business, the long-standing rivalry between Chile and Peru, as well as political and economical disparities between Chile, Peru and Bolivia. On February 14, 1879, Chile's armed forces occupied the Bolivian port city of Antofagasta, subsequently war between Bolivia and Chile was declare ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tacna Province
Tacna is the largest of four provinces in the Department of Tacna in southern Peru located on the border with Chile and Bolivia. Its capital is Tacna. Geography The Tacna Province is bounded to the north by the Jorge Basadre Province and the Tarata Province, to the east by Chile and Bolivia, to the south by Chile and to the west by the Pacific Ocean. The Barroso mountain range traverses the province. Some of the highest mountains of the province are listed below: Political division The province is divided into 11 districts ( es, distritos, singular: ''distrito''), each of which is headed by a mayor (''alcalde''): *Alto de la Alianza * Calana * Ciudad Nueva * Coronel Gregorio Albarracín Lanchipa * Inclán * Pachía * Palca * Pocollay * Sama *La Yarada-Los Palos District *Tacna Ethnic groups The province is inhabited by indigenous citizens of Aymara and Quechua descent. Spanish, however, is the language which the majority of the population (80.88%) learnt to speak in child ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tacna District
Tacna District is one of ten districts of Tacna Province in Peru. Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática The Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (INEI) ("National Institute of Statistics and Informatics") is a semi-autonomous Peruvian government agency which coordinates, compiles, and evaluates statistical information for the country .... Banco de Información Distrital''. Retrieved April 11, 2008. References {{Tacna-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Peru
The history of Peru spans 10 millennia, extending back through several stages of cultural development along the country's desert coastline and in the Andes mountains. Peru's coast was home to the Norte Chico civilization, the oldest civilization in the Americas and one of the six cradles of civilization in the world. When the Spanish arrived in the sixteenth century, Peru was the homeland of the highland Inca Empire, the largest and most advanced state in pre-Columbian America. After the conquest of the Incas, the Spanish Empire established a Viceroyalty of Peru, Viceroyalty with jurisdiction over most of its South American domains. Peru declared Independence of Peru, independence from Spain in 1821, but achieved independence only after the Battle of Ayacucho three years later. Modern historiography of Peru divides its history into three main periods: * A #Prehispanic Era, Prehispanic period, which lasts from the first civilizations of the region to the #Spanish conquest (1532–15 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Provinces Of Peru
The provinces of Peru () are the second-level administrative subdivisions of the country. They are divided into Districts of Peru, districts ( es, distritos, links=no). There are 196 provinces in Peru, grouped into 25 Regions of Peru, regions, except for Lima Province which does not belong to any region. This makes an average of seven provinces per region. The region with the fewest provinces is Callao (one) and the region with the most is Ancash Region, Ancash (twenty). While provinces in the sparsely populated Amazon rain forest of eastern Peru tend to be larger, there is a large concentration of them in the north-central area of the country. The province with the fewest districts is Purús Province, with just one district. The province with the most districts is Lima Province, with 43 districts. The most common number of districts per province is eight; a total of 29 provinces share this number of districts. Provinces table The table below shows all provinces with their capit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regions Of Peru
According to the ''Organic Law of Regional Governments'', the regions ( es, regiones) are, with the departments, the first-level administrative subdivisions of Peru. Since its Peruvian War of Independence, 1821 independence, Peru had been divided into departments of Peru, departments () but faced the problem of increasing centralization of political and economic power in its capital, Lima. After several unsuccessful regionalization attempts, the national government decided to temporarily provide the departments (including the Constitutional Province of Callao) with regional governments until the conformation of regions according to the ''Organic Law of Regional Governments'' which says that two or more departments should merge to conform a region. This situation turned the departments into ''de facto'' regional government circumscriptions. The first regional governments were elected on November 20, 2002. Under the new arrangement, the 24 Departments of Peru, departments plus the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peru
, image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg , image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg , other_symbol = Great Seal of the State , other_symbol_type = Seal (emblem), National seal , national_motto = "Firm and Happy for the Union" , national_anthem = "National Anthem of Peru" , march = "March of Flags" , image_map = PER orthographic.svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Lima , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , official_languages = Peruvian Spanish, Spanish , languages_type = Co-official languages , languages = , ethnic_groups = , ethnic_groups_year = 2017 , demonym = Peruvians, Peruvian , government_type = Unitary state, Unitary Semi-presidential system, semi-presidential republic , leader_title1 = President of Peru, President ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caplina River
The Caplina River (''Rio Caplina'') is a river in southern Peru. It runs through the city Tacna, after which it gets dry due to filtration, evaporation Evaporation is a type of vaporization that occurs on the surface of a liquid as it changes into the gas phase. High concentration of the evaporating substance in the surrounding gas significantly slows down evaporation, such as when humidi ... and extractive use of the water. References Rivers of Peru Rivers of Tacna Region {{Peru-river-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francisco Antonio De Zela
Francisco Antonio de Zela y Arizaga (born July 24, 1768 in Lima - died July 18, 1819 in Panama City) is notable for sending forth the first libertarian outcry in the Peruvian city of Tacna on June 20, 1811 in an attempt to start the independence of Peru. De Zela was supported by a large group of criollos, mestizos and Indians, among them the caciques José Rosa Ara and Miguel Copaja. The rebellion of Tacna was in close contact with the Argentine revolution, initiated in Buenos Aires on May 25, 1810. The Argentines sent an army to the Charcas region (Bolivia), under the command of general Antonio González de Balcarce and the lawyer Juan José Castelli. They sent proclamations to various towns in southern Peru, inviting them to follow them in the revolution. The town of Tacna was the first under the direction of Don Francisco Antonio De Zela, occupying the quarters of the Spanish authorities that night. On the same day (June 20) the Argentine army was defeated by Spanish f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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