Manifesto intell antifascisti 1 maggio 1925 Popolo (2)

The Manifesto of the Anti-Fascist Intellectuals, written by

Benedetto Croce Benedetto Croce (; 25 February 1866 – 20 November 1952) was an Italian idealist philosopher, historian, and politician, who wrote on numerous topics, including philosophy, history, historiography and aesthetics. In most regards, Croce was a li ...

in response to the

Manifesto of the Fascist Intellectuals The "Manifesto of Fascist Intellectuals" ( it, "Manifesto degli Intellettuali del Fascismo", italics=no ), by the actualist philosopher Giovanni Gentile in 1925, formally established the political and ideologic foundations of Italian Fascism. I ...

Giovanni Gentile Giovanni Gentile (; 30 May 1875 – 15 April 1944) was an Italian neo-Hegelian idealist philosopher, educator, and fascist politician. The self-styled "philosopher of Fascism", he was influential in providing an intellectual foundation for ...

, sanctioned the irreconcilable split between the philosopher and the

Fascist Fascism is a far-right, authoritarian, ultra-nationalist political ideology and movement,: "extreme militaristic nationalism, contempt for electoral democracy and political and cultural liberalism, a belief in natural social hierarchy and the ...

government of

Benito Mussolini Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (; 29 July 188328 April 1945) was an Italian politician and journalist who founded and led the National Fascist Party. He was Prime Minister of Italy from the March on Rome in 1922 until his deposition in ...

, to which he had previously given a vote of confidence on 31 October 1922. The idea of an

anti-Fascist Anti-fascism is a political movement in opposition to fascist ideologies, groups and individuals. Beginning in European countries in the 1920s, it was at its most significant shortly before and during World War II, where the Axis powers wer ...

manifesto came to

Giovanni Amendola Giovanni Amendola (15 April 1882 – 7 April 1926) was an Italian journalist, professor and politician, noted as an opponent of Italian Fascism. Biography Early life and education Amendola was born in Naples on 15 April 1882. He moved to Rome, ...

, who wrote to Croce, a proclaimed anti-Fascist, for his opinions on 20 April 1925: Croce replied a day later, saying that he would be more than willing to, but that the document ought to be short, "so as not to alienate the common folk." The manifesto was published by the liberal newspaper '' Il Mondo'' and by the Catholic newspaper ''Il Popolo'' on 1 May 1925, which was

Workers' Day International Workers' Day, also known as Labour Day in some countries and often referred to as May Day, is a celebration of labourers and the working classes that is promoted by the international labour movement and occurs every year on 1 May, ...

, symbolically responding to the publication of the Fascist manifesto on the ''Natale di Roma'', the

founding of Rome The tale of the founding of Rome is recounted in traditional stories handed down by the ancient Romans themselves as the earliest history of their city in terms of legend and myth. The most familiar of these myths, and perhaps the most famous o ...

(celebrated on 21 April). The Fascist press claimed that the Crocian manifesto was "more authoritarian" than its Fascist counterpart. ''Il Mondo'' published three lists of prominent signatories of the manifesto, first on 1 May and then longer lists on 10 May and 22 May. Among the supporters were: *

Luigi Albertini Luigi Albertini (19 October 1871–29 December 1941) was an influential Italian newspaper editor, member of the Parliament, and historian of the First World War. As editor of one of Italy's best-known newspapers, ''Corriere della Sera'' of Mila ...

Sibilla Aleramo Sibilla Aleramo (born Marta Felicina Faccio; 14 August 1876 – 13 January 1960) was an Italian feminist writer and poet best known for her autobiographical depictions of life as a woman in late 19th century Italy. Life and career Aleramo was ...

* Giulio Alessio * Corrado Alvaro *

* Giovanni Ansaldo *

Vincenzo Arangio-Ruiz Vincenzo Arangio-Ruiz ( Naples 1884 - Rome 1964) was a distinguished Italian jurist and Roman Law scholar, who also held the post of Minister of Justice and Minister of Education. Among his most famous works on Roman Law are: ''Storia del dir ...

Antonio Banfi Antonio Banfi (Vimercate, 30 September 1886 – Milano, 22 July 1957) was an Italian philosopher and senator. He is also noted for founding the Italian philosophical school called critical rationalism. Although influenced by the Marburg neo- ...

Sem Benelli Sem Benelli (August 10, 1877 – December 18, 1949) was an Italian playwright, essayist and librettist. He provided the texts for several noted Italian operas, including Italo Montemezzi's ''L'amore dei tre re'' and ''L'incantesimo'', and Umber ...

Piero Calamandrei Piero Calamandrei (21 April 1889 – 27 September 1956) was an Italian author, jurist, soldier, university professor, and politician. Born in Florence, he was one of Italy's leading authorities on the law of civil procedure. After studies in Pis ...

* Guido Castelnuovo * Emilio Cecchi * Cesare de Lollis * Floriano del Secolo * Guido de Ruggiero *

Gaetano de Sanctis Gaetano De Sanctis (15 October 1870, Rome – 9 April 1957) was an Italian ancient historian, classicist and lifetime senator (1950-1957). As the collection of his 'scritti minori' illustrates, his scope of scholarship ranged from Homer down t ...

* Francesco de Sarlo * Luigi Einaudi * Giorgio Errera * Giustino Fortunato * Eustachio Paolo Lamanna *

Beppo Levi Beppo Levi (14 May 1875 – 28 August 1961) was an Italian mathematician. He published high-level academic articles and books, not only on mathematics, but also on physics, history, philosophy, and pedagogy. Levi was a member of the Bologna Aca ...

* Giorgio Levi della Vida *

Tullio Levi-Civita Tullio Levi-Civita, (, ; 29 March 1873 – 29 December 1941) was an Italian mathematician, most famous for his work on absolute differential calculus ( tensor calculus) and its applications to the theory of relativity, but who also made signi ...

* Carlo Linati * Attilio Momigliano * Rodolfo Mondolfo *

Eugenio Montale Eugenio Montale (; 12 October 1896 – 12 September 1981) was an Italian poet, prose writer, editor and translator, and recipient of the 1975 Nobel Prize in Literature. Life and works Early years Montale was born in Genoa. His family were che ...

Marino Moretti Marino Moretti (born Cesenatico, Italy; July 18, 1885 – July 6, 1979) was an Italian poet and author. Moretti's mother instilled in him a love of literature. After a failed attempt at an acting career, he began writing poetry; his first work ...

Gaetano Mosca Gaetano Mosca (; 1 April 1858 – 8 November 1941) was an Italian political scientist, journalist and public servant. He is credited with developing the elite theory and the doctrine of the political class and is one of the three members cons ...

* Ugo Enrico Paoli * Giorgio Pasquali * Giuseppe Rensi * Francesco Ruffini *

Gaetano Salvemini Gaetano Salvemini (; 8 September 1873 – 6 September 1957) was an Italian Socialist and antifascist politician, historian and writer. Born in a family of modest means, he became an acclaimed historian both in Italy and abroad, particularly in ...

* Michele Saponaro *

Matilde Serao 200px, Matilde Serao, by "Rossi" Matilde Serao (; gr, Ματθίλδη Σεράο; 7 March 1856 – 25 July 1927) was an Italian journalist and novelist. She was the first woman called to edit an Italian newspaper, Il ''Corriere di Roma'' an ...

* Adriano Tilgher *

Umberto Zanotti Bianco Umberto Zanotti Bianco (22 January 1889 – 28 August 1963) was an Italian historian social activist. He was once President of the Italian Red Cross. Career In 1920, Umberto Zanotti Bianco founded the Società Magna Grecia. In 1955, he co-foun ...

Notes

External links

* Manifesto degli intellettuali antifascisti. This article in the Italian Wikipedia contains the text. {{Italian antifascism Works about Italian fascism Anti-fascist books Political manifestos Anti-fascism in Italy 1925 in Italy 1925 in politics 1925 documents

See also

Notes

External links