MagSafe is a series of proprietary

magnet A magnet is a material or object that produces a magnetic field. This magnetic field is invisible but is responsible for the most notable property of a magnet: a force that pulls on other ferromagnetic materials, such as iron, steel, nicke ...

ically attached power connectors developed by Apple Inc. for

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laptops. MagSafe was introduced on January 10, 2006, in conjunction with the MacBook Pro, the first Intel-based Mac laptop, at the

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. The connector is held in place magnetically so that if it is tugged (for example, by someone tripping over the cord) it will pull out of the socket without damaging the connector or the computer power socket, and without pulling the computer off of its surface. A thinner and wider version, called MagSafe 2, was introduced in 2012. It was discontinued across Apple's product lines between 2016 and 2019 and replaced with USB-C. MagSafe returned to Mac laptops with the introduction of updated MacBook Pro models with MagSafe 3 in 2021.

History

The basic concept of MagSafe is derived from the magnetic power connectors that are part of many deep fryers and Japanese countertop cooking appliances since the early 2000s in order to avoid spilling their dangerously hot contents. MagSafe was introduced on January 10, 2006 in the first-generation MacBook Pro. Apple was granted for MagSafe ("Magnetic connector for electronic device", issued in 2007) as MagSafe was deemed to be a sufficient improvement due to the connector being symmetrical and reversible, and the fact that magnets within a connector are arranged in opposing polarities for improved coupling strength. Apple phased out MagSafe with the release of the 12-inch MacBook and 2016 MacBook Pro that replaced it with USB-C for charging and data. The last product with MagSafe, the 2017 MacBook Air, was discontinued on July 9, 2019. The MagSafe connector returned in 2021 with the introduction of updated 14-inch and 16-inch MacBook Pro models. Apple also uses the MagSafe name for a

wireless power transfer Wireless power transfer (WPT), wireless power transmission, wireless energy transmission (WET), or electromagnetic power transfer is the transmission of electrical energy without wires as a physical link. In a wireless power transmission system, ...

and accessory-attachment standard for the iPhone based on the Qi standard, introduced with the

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and 12 Pro.

Features

MagSafe (original)

MagSafe has connector pins that are designed so the rectangular connector can be inserted in either orientation. Originally the connector was T-shaped, with the cable directed straight out; later it became L-shaped, with the cable directed along the side of the computer, but still capable of being inserted in either orientation, unless simultaneous use of neighboring ports such as USB required directing the cable toward the rear.

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s on both the top and bottom of the connector show green if the computer battery is fully charged and

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or red if the battery is charging. MagSafe can be found on the MacBook (2006–2011), MacBook Pro (2006–2012) and

MacBook Air The MacBook Air is a line of ultrabook computers developed and manufactured by Apple Inc. It consists of a full-size keyboard, a machined aluminum case, and, in the more modern versions, a thin light structure. The Air was originally positione ...

(2008–2011) notebook computers. The Apple LED Cinema Display and Thunderbolt Display include built-in MagSafe chargers. The MacBook and the 13-inch MacBook Pro use a 60 W MagSafe charger, whereas the 15- and 17-inch MacBook Pro use an 85 W version. The MacBook Air used a lower-powered 45 W version. According to Apple, an adapter with a higher wattage than that originally provided may be used without problems. Apple formerly offered a "MagSafe Airline Adapter" for use on certain compatible airplanes. It had a DC input (instead of AC like the original MagSafe chargers) and would power the computer, but would ''not'' charge the battery.

MagSafe 2

MagSafe 2 was introduced on the

and MacBook Pro with Retina Display at the 2012 Worldwide Developers Conference on June 11, 2012. It was made thinner to fit the thinner laptops, and also wider to preserve magnetic grip force. It also returns to the T-shaped design that points straight out, rather than the L-shape that runs along the side of the machine. MagSafe 2 can be found on the MacBook Pro (2012–2015) and MacBook Air (2012–2017) notebook computers. The resulting shape is incompatible with the older MagSafe connector; Apple released a MagSafe to MagSafe 2 adapter that was also bundled with the Thunderbolt Display, which used the original MagSafe connector.

MagSafe 3

On October 18, 2021, Apple announced the M1 Pro and M1 Max 14-inch and 16-inch MacBook Pro models with MagSafe 3. MagSafe 3 is slimmer than its predecessor and connects to a power supply using a removable cable with a USB-C end. It supports up to 140W power delivery on the 16-inch MacBook Pro with its bundled 140W

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power supply that supports USB-C Power Delivery 3.1. In June 2022, Apple announced the M2

with MagSafe 3, and three new color-matching cables.

Pinout

The MagSafe connector pins allow for the adapter to be inserted in either orientation. The first and second pins on each side of the tiny central pin have continuity with their mirror pins. * The inner large pins are V+ (14.5 / 16.5 / 18.5 / 20 V DC). Measuring with no load will give 6.86 V DC for MagSafe and about 3 V DC for MagSafe 2; the full voltage is provided after a ~40 kOhm load is applied for one second. * The outer large pins are ground. * The tiny center pin is a data pin using the

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protocol. The computer uses this pin to change the LED's color and retrieve the serial number and wattage of the power supply. * Only two wires, power and ground, go to the charger unit. There is no data communication via the adapter sense pin with the charger unit itself. * The maximum voltage supplied is as follows: **14.5 V DC for the 45 W units supplied with MacBook Air **16.5 V DC for the 60 W units supplied with MacBook and 13" MacBook Pro **18.5 V DC for the 85 W units supplied with 15" and 17" MacBook Pro **20 V DC for the 85 W units supplied with 15" MacBook Pro Retina The rectangular metal shroud surrounding the pins acts as shielding for the electrical pins and a ferrous attractor for the magnet in the laptop.

Third-party products

Apple does not license the MagSafe connector to third-parties, though manufacturers devised a workaround: their MagSafe items use the actual connector from Apple's AC adapter, grafted onto their own products. Since this uses an actual Apple product, purchased legally, manufacturers believe that no licensing agreements are needed (a principle referred to as the

first sale doctrine The first-sale doctrine (also sometimes referred to as the "right of first sale" or the "first sale rule") is an American legal concept that limits the rights of an intellectual property owner to control resale of products embodying its intellec ...

) and no patent was violated. However, in 2010 Apple still sued one such manufacturer, Sanho Corporation for selling its very popular HyperMac battery extension products which Apple claimed violated their patents. Sanho has since ceased to sell their connector cable for the HyperMac series of external batteries. Some fake MagSafe 2 chargers have appeared on sites such as

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. These chargers are often unsafe, have spelling mistakes on the charger itself, and/or have inconsistencies that the official product does not contain, e.g. the LEDs on the connector do not follow the correct color code, or the charger is referred to as a MagSafe 1 charger rather than the second generation charger.

Defects

Many users have reported () problems with the quality of the construction of the MagSafe cords, giving the product low marks on the

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's website. Common complaints included plug separating from the cord, transformer shorting, and pin springs losing elasticity. Several methods have been devised to protect the MagSafe from failure, including wrapping the cable with tape or sliding protective plastic around the cable. In 2008, Apple posted an official response acknowledging problems with MagSafe adapters, which include incomplete circuit connection and adapter's white insulation separating from the magnetic end of the MagSafe connector. Following the release of a Knowledge Base article, a

class-action lawsuit A class action, also known as a class-action lawsuit, class suit, or representative action, is a type of lawsuit where one of the parties is a group of people who are represented collectively by a member or members of that group. The class action ...

was filed on May 1, 2009, in the US District Court for the Northern District of California's San Jose office, alleging that the MagSafe power adapter is prone to frayed wires and overheating, and as such represents a fire hazard. Apple released a firmware update in October 2010 that it claims resolves this issue. However, the installer for the firmware update will not run on certain older MacBooks, which means that the firmware can not be updated. This, in turn, means that it is not possible to use the new MagSafe power adapter with these MacBooks. However, as of 2022, Apple still sells power adapters for both MagSafe 1 and MagSafe 2. In 2011, Apple posted a support document about the strain-relief problems with the MPM-1 ("T")-style MagSafe power cables, and issued settlement offer for buyers of Apple 60 W or 85 W MagSafe MPM-1 adapter within the first three years of purchase.

References

External links

* Part of the Ars Technica review of the MacBook Pro is dedicated to the MagSafe connector. * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Magsafe Apple Inc. hardware DC power connectors Products introduced in 2006