''Myohalovirus'' (synonym: ''PhiH-like viruses'', ''Phihlikevirus'') is a genus of
virus
A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea.
Since Dmitri Ivanovsk ...
es in the order ''
Caudovirales
''Caudovirales'' is an order of viruses known as the tailed bacteriophages (''cauda'' is Latin for "tail"). Under the Baltimore classification scheme, the ''Caudovirales'' are group I viruses as they have double stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes ...
'', in the family ''
Myoviridae
''Myoviridae'' is a family of bacteriophages in the order '' Caudovirales''. Bacteria and archaea serve as natural hosts. There are 625 species in this family, assigned to eight subfamilies and 217 genera.
Subdivisions
The subfamily ''Tevenvirina ...
''. Bacteria and archaea serve as natural hosts. There are three species in this genus.
Taxonomy
The following three species are assigned to the genus:
* ''
Halobacterium virus ChaoS9''
* ''
Halobacterium virus phiH''
* ''
Natrialba virus PhiCh1''
Structure
Myohaloviruses are
nonenveloped
A viral envelope is the outermost layer of many types of viruses. It protects the genetic material in their life cycle when traveling between host cells. Not all viruses have envelopes.
Numerous human pathogenic viruses in circulation are encase ...
, with a head and tail. The head is icosahedral with a diameter of about 64 nm. The tail is around 170 nm long, 18 nm wide, has short terminal fibers, and is contractile.
Genome
Genomes are circular, around 59kb in length. The genome codes for 100 proteins.
[
]
Life cycle
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. The virus attaches to the host cell using its terminal fibers, and ejects the viral DNA into the host cytoplasm via contraction of its tail sheath. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. Once the viral genes have been replicated, the procapsid is assembled and packed. The tail is then assembled and the mature virions are released via lysis. Bacteria and archaea serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are passive diffusion.
History
According to the ICTV's 1997 report, the genus ''PhiH-like viruses'' was first accepted as a new genus in the family Myoviridae
''Myoviridae'' is a family of bacteriophages in the order '' Caudovirales''. Bacteria and archaea serve as natural hosts. There are 625 species in this family, assigned to eight subfamilies and 217 genera.
Subdivisions
The subfamily ''Tevenvirina ...
, at the same time as its type species. This proposal is availabl
here
The following year (1998), the genus was added to the newly created order Caudovirales
''Caudovirales'' is an order of viruses known as the tailed bacteriophages (''cauda'' is Latin for "tail"). Under the Baltimore classification scheme, the ''Caudovirales'' are group I viruses as they have double stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes ...
. In 1999, a name change i
reported
but no change actually occurred. In 2012, the name was changed to ''Phihlikevirus''. This proposal is availabl
here
[ The genus was later renamed to ''Myohalovirus'.
]
References
External links
ICTV
{{Use dmy dates, date=April 2017
Myoviridae
Virus genera