Muzharul Islam (25 December 1923 – 15 July 2012) was a Bangladeshi architect, urban planner, educator and activist. He is considered as the Grand Master of regional modernism in South Asia. Islam is the pioneer of modern architecture in Bangladesh and the father of Bengali modernism. Islam's style and influence dominated the architectural scene in the country during the 1960s and 70s, along with major US architects he brought to work in Dhaka. As a teacher, architect, social and political activist, Islam set the course of architectural practice in the country not only through his own many varied works but also through being instrumental in inviting architects like Louis Kahn,

Richard Neutra Richard Joseph Neutra ( ; April 8, 1892 – April 16, 1970) was an Austrian-American architect. Living and building for the majority of his career in Southern California, he came to be considered a prominent and important modernist architect. He ...

, Stanley Tigerman, Paul Rudolph, Robert Boughey and

Konstantinos Doxiadis Constantinos A. Doxiadis (); also spelled Konstantinos. (14 May 1913 – 28 June 1975), often cited as C. A. Doxiadis, was a Greek architect and urban planner. During the 1960s, he was the lead architect and planner of Islamabad, which was t ...

to work in Bangladesh.

Early life

Muzharul Islam was born on 25 December 1923 in Murshidabad. He went to the United States in 1950 where he received his bachelor's degree in architecture from the University of Oregon. In 1956, he received a scholarship to study tropical architecture at the

AA School of Architecture The Architectural Association School of Architecture in London, commonly referred to as the AA, is the oldest independent school of architecture in the UK and one of the most prestigious and competitive in the world. Its wide-ranging programme ...

, London.Muzharul Islam Archive
/ref> In 1961, he completed his post-graduation under Paul Rudolph from Yale University. At Yale Stanley Tigerman was one of his classmates, and there he came in touch with

Louis I Kahn Louis Isadore Kahn (born Itze-Leib Schmuilowsky; – March 17, 1974) was an Estonian-born American architect based in Philadelphia. After working in various capacities for several firms in Philadelphia, he founded his own atelier in 1935. Whi ...

.Kazi Khaleed Ashraf,
Mazharul Islam, Kahn and Architecture in Bangladesh
, ''MIMAR 31: Architecture in Development'', page 57, Aga Khan Trust for Culture, 1989 Muzharul Islam began his career by designing two buildings in the Shahbag area in 1955 –

Dhaka University The University of Dhaka (also known as Dhaka University, or DU) is a public research university located in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It is the oldest university in Bangladesh. The university opened its doors to students on July 1st 1921. Currently i ...

Library and College of Arts and Crafts. Between 1958 and 1964, Islam was an architect in C&B Dept of the Government of East Pakistan.

Career

His most important work was born when the Governor's Conference of Pakistan decided in 1959, under the leadership of President

Ayub Khan Ayub Khan is a compound masculine name; Ayub is the Arabic version of the name of the Biblical figure Job, while Khan or Khaan is taken from the title used first by the Mongol rulers and then, in particular, their Islamic and Persian-influenced s ...

, that Dhaka will be ''second capital'' of Pakistan. The government decided to build a capital complex at Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka. Muzharul Islam was given to design Jatiyo Sangsad Bhaban (National Assembly Building of Bangladesh). But, he brought his teacher Louis Kahn into the project to do a significant work for future generation. Islam worked closely with him from 1965 to Kahn's death in 1973. Along with Kahn, he also brought Paul Rudolph and Stanley Tigerman to work in Bangladesh, and three of them came to be known as the ''American Trio''. Apart from the ''Trio'', it was Islam's monumental style that dominated Bangladesh architecture from the 1950s onwards. His major works include – Jahangirnagar University, Chittagong University, Central Public Library, Charukala Institute, the Azimpur Estate, Rangmati township, and a number of Polytechnic Institutes. Islam designed the master plan of Dhaka City. He also created the logo for the government of Bangladesh.

Awards

* Institute of Architects, Bangladesh Gold Medal, 1993 * He was awarded the Honorable Fellowship, American Institute of Architects at the National convention of the Institute at Dallas, Texas in 1999. * He was an honourable member of the Master Jury of the First Aga Khan Award for Architecture, Geneva, 1980. * Islam has been a jury member for several national and international design competitions and awards including: ** The Aga Khan Award for Architecture ** design contest for Faisal Mosque competition in Islamabad ** design contests for the headquarters building of the Islamic Development Bank in

Jeddah Jeddah ( ), also spelled Jedda, Jiddah or Jidda ( ; ar, , Jidda, ), is a city in the Hejaz region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and the country's commercial center. Established in the 6th century BC as a fishing village, Jeddah's pro ...

** Headquarters building of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs building at Riyadh, which won Aga Khan Award for Architecture * He was awarded Independence Day Award in 1999, the highest state award of Bangladesh. A documentary film on Mazharul Islam named ''Tini (The Architect)'' was released by Institute of Architects Bangladesh in 2000, which was directed by Enamul Karim Nirjhar.

Notable works

Death

Muzharul Islam died on 15 July 2012 at 12.06 am in Dhaka, Bangladesh. He was aged 88.

Publications

Some publication featured Muzharul Islam: * Encyclopædia Britannica Volume 22, 15th Editions 1986, page- 99. * Architectural Review, London, April 1960, Page-155. * Environments, Volume 19, Number 2, 1988, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, Page-55 to 60. * Architecture + Design, New Delhi, India, May–June 1988, page- 26 to 32 & 36. * The Sangbad, Dhaka, 23 December 1993, Page-12. * Daily Bhorer Kagoj, Dhaka, 24 December 1993, Page-9. * Daily Bhorer Kagoj, Dhaka, 7 March 1994, Page-12. * Weekly Holiday, Dhaka, 31 December 1993, Page-6. * Daily Star, Dhaka, August 2000. * Lecturer, Exhibition of Works of Four Architects of the Indian Sub-Continent; New York, Philadelphia, 1997. * Lecturer, Exhibition of Architecture in Bangladesh, “Pundranagar” to Sher-e-Bangla Nagar (350 B.C. to present time), 1997. * An Architecture of Independence : The Making of Modern South Asia, 1997, University of Pennsylvania. * The India International Centre Quarter: Monsoon 1997, Volume- 24, Number 2–3. * Architect Muzharul Islam and Chicago Architect Stanly Tigerman did the elaborate study on typology and tectonics, ecology, climate and materials. Their study resulted in a major report, which was featured in the September 1968 issue of “Architectural Record". * Vastukatha: Selected Sayings of Architect Muzharul Islam , বাস্তুকথা: স্থপতি মাজহারুল ইসলামের নির্বাচিত উক্তি, Edited by

Kazi Khaleed Ashraf Kazi Khaleed Ashraf is a Bangladeshi architect, urbanist and architectural historian. Writing from the intersection of architecture, landscape and the city, Ashraf has authored books and essays on architecture in India and Bangladesh, the work of ...

and Saif Ul Haque, Published by BI Books -Bengal Publications *Muzharul Islam Architect, Edited by Fuad H Mallick, Zainab Faruqui Ali *স্থপতি মাজহারুল ইসলাম, সম্পাদনা - আবুল হাসনাত

Quotes

* "Symbol for what? Symbol of what? Symbol of whom?... The hesitation in my mind has deep roots. I feel that human society has been kept in darkness for thousands of years by the use of symbols. I revolt against it. By raising the issue of symbols, in the name of symbols, my perspective has been kept limited." * "Cities should provide the environment for civilized life within the context of our own culture... The city can develop only as a part of the physical environment of the country- with the ultimate aim of abolishing all differences between the city and the rural areas. The traditional relationship with nature (still existing to a certain extent in the village of Bangladesh) should be continued in the cities." * "The artistic qualities are essence of architecture. The practical aspects of architecture are measurable – such as, the practical requirements, climatic judgements, the advantages and limitations of the site etc. – but the humanistic aspects are not measurable. This depends on the talent, sensitivity and creativity of the architect. Only some bookish knowledge is not a sufficient tool in this regard. One has to be creative. One has to love his own land, its people and its culture and think profoundly about these. The love of one's own land is the eternal source of creative power, which in turn, makes a proper architect." * "You have to be a world man and a Bengali. It's impossible otherwise... When I mention standing on one's own soil... it is to find oneself, but not to find oneself and become stagnant. What I am seeking is to stand on one's own feet and then to proceed forward. If for that reason I have to take two steps backward to go one step forward. I have no problem with that. I think that there is no other way of moving forward."

Sources

References

External links

Official Site

ArchSociety Article: Muzharul Islam: Pioneer of Modern Architecture in Bangladesh

Muzharul Islam
Archnet
Vastukala : The Architecture of Muzharul Islam
DepArtMag
Muzharul Islam: An activist architect
The Daily Star
Islam, Muzharul
Banglapedia {{DEFAULTSORT:Islam, Muzharul Bangladeshi architects 1923 births Fellows of the American Institute of Architects Modernist architects 20th-century Bangladeshi architects 21st-century Bangladeshi architects University of Oregon alumni Yale School of Architecture alumni 2012 deaths Recipients of the Independence Day Award