( ar, مخابرات, also transliterated '' / ''), is the

Arabic Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic languages, Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C ...

term for intelligence, as used by an

intelligence agency An intelligence agency is a government agency responsible for the collection, Intelligence analysis, analysis, and exploitation of information in support of law enforcement, national security, military, public safety, and foreign policy objective ...

. In most of the

Middle East The Middle East ( ar, الشرق الأوسط, ISO 233: ) is a geopolitical region commonly encompassing Arabian Peninsula, Arabia (including the Arabian Peninsula and Bahrain), Anatolia, Asia Minor (Asian part of Turkey except Hatay Pro ...

, the term is colloquially used in reference to

secret police Secret police (or political police) are intelligence, security or police agencies that engage in covert operations against a government's political, religious, or social opponents and dissidents. Secret police organizations are characteristic of a ...

agents who spy on civilians. Organizations using the name include:

Egypt

General Intelligence Directorate (Egypt) The General Intelligence Service ( ar, جهاز المخابرات العامة ; GIS), often referred to as the Mukhabarat ( ar, المخابرات ) is an Egyptian intelligence agency responsible for providing national security intelligence, b ...

(Jihaz al-Mukhabarat al-Amma)

Iraq

Iraqi Intelligence Service : The Iraqi Intelligence Service (Arabic: جهاز المخابرات العراقي, ''Jihaz Al-Mukhabarat Al-Eiraqii''), full name in Arabic language , Arabic]: جهاز المخابرات العامة العراقية "Jihaz almukhabarat aleama ...

(Jihaz al-Mukhabarat al-Amma), under Saddam Hussein * Iraqi National Intelligence Service (INIS) (Jihaz al-Mukhabarat al-Watanii al-Eiraqii), since 2004

Israel

* Israel Security Agency (Known as Mukhabarat among arab citizens)

Jordan

General Intelligence Directorate (Jordan) Jordanian General Intelligence Directorate, or GID (Arabic: ) is the intelligence agency of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. The GID is reportedly one of the most important and professional intelligence agencies in the Middle East; the agency has ...

(Dairat al-Mukhabarat al-Ammah)

Libya

* Intelligence of the Jamahiriya (

Mukhabarat el-Jamahiriya Mukhabarat el-Jamahiriya ( ar, مخابرات الجماهيرية) (Intelligence of the Jamahiriya) was the national intelligence service of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi. During the Libyan Civil War, agency director Abuzed Omar Dorda was capt ...

), under

Muammar Gaddafi Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi, . Due to the lack of standardization of transcribing written and regionally pronounced Arabic, Gaddafi's name has been romanized in various ways. A 1986 column by ''The Straight Dope'' lists 32 spellin ...

Palestine

* Palestinian Security Forces Intelligence (al-Mukhabarat), official * Palestinian National Security Forces Intelligence (al-Mukhabarat), paramilitary

Saudi Arabia

* General Intelligence Presidency (Al Mukhabarat Al A'amah)

Syria

* Military Intelligence Directorate (Syria) (Shu'bat al-Mukhabarat al-'Askariyya) * Air Force Intelligence Directorate (Idarat al-Mukhabarat al-Jawiyya) * General Intelligence Directorate (Syria) (Idarat al-Mukhabarat al-Amma)

References

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