, with its highest peak
Mount Kami
Mount Kami ( = ''Kami Yama'', meaning "a god mountain") is the highest peak, with an elevation of 1,438 meters, of Mount Hakone, in Hakone, Kanagawa, Japan. Worshipping Mount Hakone with this highest peak is recorded in a 12th century document, as ...
(1,438 meters), is a
complex volcano
A complex volcano, also called a compound volcano or a volcanic complex, is a mixed landform consisting of related volcanic centers and their associated lava flows and pyroclastic rock. They may form due to changes in eruptive habit or in t ...
in
Kanagawa Prefecture
is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Kanagawa Prefecture is the second-most populous prefecture of Japan at 9,221,129 (1 April 2022) and third-densest at . Its geographic area of makes it fifth-smallest. Kana ...
,
Japan
Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...
that is truncated by two overlapping
caldera
A caldera ( ) is a large cauldron-like hollow that forms shortly after the emptying of a magma chamber in a volcano eruption. When large volumes of magma are erupted over a short time, structural support for the rock above the magma chamber is ...
s, the largest of which is 10 × 11 km wide. The calderas were formed as a result of two major explosive eruptions about 180,000 and 49,000–60,000 years ago.
Lake Ashi () lies between the southwestern caldera wall and a half dozen post-caldera
lava dome
In volcanology, a lava dome is a circular mound-shaped protrusion resulting from the slow extrusion of viscous lava from a volcano. Dome-building eruptions are common, particularly in convergent plate boundary settings. Around 6% of eruptions on ...
s that arose along a southwest–northeastern trend cutting through the center of the calderas. Dome growth occurred progressively to the south, and the largest and youngest of them,
Mount Kami
Mount Kami ( = ''Kami Yama'', meaning "a god mountain") is the highest peak, with an elevation of 1,438 meters, of Mount Hakone, in Hakone, Kanagawa, Japan. Worshipping Mount Hakone with this highest peak is recorded in a 12th century document, as ...
, forms the high point of Hakone. The calderas are breached to the east by the
Haya River canyon.
Mount Ashigara
Mount Ashigara (足柄山), also known as Mount Kintoki (金時山), is the northernmost peak of the Hakone caldera, on the border of Kanagawa and Shizuoka prefectures, in the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park in Japan. Ashigara is not a remnant o ...
is a
parasitic cone
A parasitic cone (also adventive cone or satellite cone) is the cone-shaped accumulation of volcanic material not part of the central vent of a volcano. It forms from eruptions from fractures on the flank of the volcano. These fractures occur ...
.
The latest magmatic eruptive activity at Hakone occurred 2,900 years ago. It produced a
pyroclastic flow
A pyroclastic flow (also known as a pyroclastic density current or a pyroclastic cloud) is a fast-moving current of hot gas and volcanic matter (collectively known as tephra) that flows along the ground away from a volcano at average speeds of bu ...
and a
lava dome
In volcanology, a lava dome is a circular mound-shaped protrusion resulting from the slow extrusion of viscous lava from a volcano. Dome-building eruptions are common, particularly in convergent plate boundary settings. Around 6% of eruptions on ...
in the explosion crater, although
phreatic eruption
A phreatic eruption, also called a phreatic explosion, ultravulcanian eruption or steam-blast eruption, occurs when magma heats ground water or surface water. The extreme temperature of the magma (anywhere from ) causes near-instantaneous evapo ...
s took place as recently as the 12–13th centuries AD.
According to the nearby
Hakone Shrine
The is a Japanese Shinto shrine on the shores of Lake Ashi in the town of Hakone in the Ashigarashimo District of Kanagawa Prefecture.Kotodamaya.com"Hakone Jinja" retrieved 2013-1-27. It is also known as the . Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (20 ...
, the Komagatake peak has been the object of religious veneration since ancient times.
Gallery
File:Hakone_Volcano_3D_2013.jpg, Topographic map
File:Hakone Volcano 20121110.jpg, The central cones of Mount Hakone: Mounts Kami
are the deities, divinities, spirits, phenomena or "holy powers", that are venerated in the Shinto religion. They can be elements of the landscape, forces of nature, or beings and the qualities that these beings express; they can also be the sp ...
, Kanmuri, Koma, Futago, etc.
File:Lake Ashi from Mt.Komagatake 02.jpg, Lake Ashi viewed from the central cone of Mt. Komagatake's lava dome.
See also
*
List of volcanoes in Japan
This is a list of active and extinct volcanoes in Japan. An Orange background indicates a volcano considered active by the Japan Meteorological Agency.
Hokkaido
Honshū
Izu Islands
Ogasawara Archipelago
The Ogasawara Archipelag ...
*
List of mountains in Japan
The following is a list of the mountains and hills of Japan, ordered by height.
Mountains over 1000 meters
Mountains under 1000 meters
As the generally accepted definition of a mountain (versus a hill) is 1000 m of height and 500 m of prom ...
*
History of Mount Hakone
The geological History of Mount Hakone, has been researched by Dr. Hisashi Kuno et al., with Mount Hakone, located in Hakone, Kanagawa, Japan, as a volcano from the Quaternary period.
Mount Hakone started about 500,000 years ago with the erupt ...
References
External links
Hakoneyama- Japan Meteorological Agency
* - Japan Meteorological Agency
- Geological Survey of Japan
Hakoneyama: Global Volcanism Program- Smithsonian Institution
Hakone Geopark
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hakone, Mount
Calderas of Honshū
Izu–Bonin–Mariana Arc
Complex volcanoes
Manazuru, Kanagawa
Volcanoes of Kanagawa Prefecture
Pleistocene calderas