The Moskvitch DM (also known as UMZ-412 or UZAM-412) was an
automobile
A car or automobile is a motor vehicle with Wheel, wheels. Most definitions of ''cars'' say that they run primarily on roads, Car seat, seat one to eight people, have four wheels, and mainly transport private transport#Personal transport, pe ...
engine
An engine or motor is a machine designed to convert one or more forms of energy into mechanical energy.
Available energy sources include potential energy (e.g. energy of the Earth's gravitational field as exploited in hydroelectric power gen ...
developed by ''Avtomobilny Zavod imeni Leninskogo Komsomola'' (Lenin Komsomol Automobile Factory,
AZLK) under the Moskvitch brand, for the
Moskvich 412
The Moskvitch 412 (Moskvich 412, Москвич-412, M-412) is a large family car produced by Soviet/Russian manufacturer MZMA/AZLK in Moscow from 1967 to 1975, and by IZh in Izhevsk from 1967 to 1982 (also known as IZh-412). It was a more powerfu ...
.
Design of the
[Thompson, p.149.] DM began in response to the increasing power of Western Europe's competitors to the just-introduced
Moskvitch 408
The Moskvitch-408 (also referred to as the Moskvich-408, and M-408) series is a large family car produced by the Soviet car manufacturer MZMA/AZLK between 1964 and 1975. The first prototype was made in 1960.
The M-408, the first of the series, re ...
. The existing engine's
displacement
Displacement may refer to:
Physical sciences
Mathematics and Physics
*Displacement (geometry), is the difference between the final and initial position of a point trajectory (for instance, the center of mass of a moving object). The actual path ...
could not be enlarged profitably, so the ''AZLK'' team, led by
Igor Okunev, started with a clean sheet. It had a very stiff five-bearing
crankshaft
A crankshaft is a mechanical component used in a piston engine to convert the reciprocating motion into rotational motion. The crankshaft is a rotating shaft containing one or more crankpins, that are driven by the pistons via the connecting ...
, and a very high-mounted
camshaft
A camshaft is a shaft that contains a row of pointed cams, in order to convert rotational motion to reciprocating motion. Camshafts are used in piston engines (to operate the intake and exhaust valves), mechanically controlled ignition systems ...
(resembling the
Hillman Avenger).
[Thompson, p.147.] Oknuev, drawing on his experience in
motorcycle
A motorcycle (motorbike, bike, or trike (if three-wheeled)) is a two or three-wheeled motor vehicle steered by a handlebar. Motorcycle design varies greatly to suit a range of different purposes: long-distance travel, commuting, cruising ...
s, saw he could eliminate
pushrod
A valvetrain or valve train is a mechanical system that controls the operation of the intake and exhaust valves in an internal combustion engine. The intake valves control the flow of air/fuel mixture (or air alone for direct-injected engines) ...
s and raise the top rev limit, to 5,800 from the earlier engine's 4750.
The cam was chain-driven, and the
block,
head
A head is the part of an organism which usually includes the ears, brain, forehead, cheeks, chin, eyes, nose, and mouth, each of which aid in various sensory functions such as sight, hearing, smell, and taste. Some very simple animals may ...
, sump, rocker cover, intake manifold, and other parts were aluminum.
It weighed only , just more than the previous , but produced .
It had removable cylinder liners, with both the aluminum
oil pump and
distributor driven off the crankshaft.
Prototype engines were delivered in 1964.
It was tested in racing in summer 1966, before entering full production, in a higher tuned state, producing , in the
Moskvitch G4M racer.
It was produced by ''Ufa Motorniy Avtomobilny Zavod'' (Ufa Automobile Engine Factory,
UZAM), and the first production engine was completed 15 March 1966.
It was first used in the
Moskvitch 412 in March 1967.
It was also supplied to
IZH Izh may refer to;
* IZh (Russian: ), a Russian automobile marque of the Izhevsk Machinebuilding Plant
* Izh (river) (Russian: ), Udmurt Republic, Russia
* Ingrian language Ingrian can refer to:
*Of or pertaining to the region of Ingria
*The Ingria ...
, which also assembled the 412.
The planned 1975
Moskvitch 356 was to use an enlarged version of the DM, with twin
Zenith
The zenith (, ) is an imaginary point directly "above" a particular location, on the celestial sphere. "Above" means in the vertical direction (plumb line) opposite to the gravity direction at that location (nadir). The zenith is the "highest" ...
carburetors, giving .
[Thompson, p.164.] None was built.
This was followed by the 1975 four door
fastback
A fastback is an automotive styling feature, defined by the rear of the car having a single slope from the roof to the tail. The kammback is a type of fastback style.
Some models, such as the Ford Mustang, have been specifically marketed as ...
Moskvitch C1
Moskvitch (russian: Москвич) (also written as ''Moskvich'', ''Moskvič'', or ''Moskwitsch'') is a Soviet/Russian automobile brand produced by AZLK from 1946 to 1991 and by OAO Moskvitch from 1991 to 2001 and later returned to production i ...
(Series One), with a version of the DM, offering .
[Thompson, p.167.] It inspired the
Moskvitch C3
Moskvitch (russian: Москвич) (also written as ''Moskvich'', ''Moskvič'', or ''Moskwitsch'') is a Soviet/Russian automobile brand produced by AZLK from 1946 to 1991 and by OAO Moskvitch from 1991 to 2001 and later returned to production i ...
, which was very similar but a five-door
hatchback
A hatchback is a car body configuration with a rear door that swings upward to provide access to a cargo area. Hatchbacks may feature fold-down second row seating, where the interior can be reconfigured to prioritize passenger or cargo volume. ...
.
The engine would have been fitted at an angle from the vertical (like the
Chrysler slant six).
[Thompson, p.168.] Neither project reached production.
Notes
{{reflist
Sources
* Thompson, Andy. ''Cars of the Soviet Union''. Somerset, UK: Haynes Publishing, 2008.
Automobile engines
Moskvitch
Gasoline engines