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Moskvitch
Moskvitch (russian: Москвич) (also written as ''Moskvich'', ''Moskvič'', or ''Moskwitsch'') is a Soviet/Russian automobile brand produced by AZLK from 1946 to 1991 and by OAO Moskvitch from 1991 to 2001 and later returned to production in 2022. The current article incorporates information about both the brand and the joint-stock successor of AZLK. OAO Moskvitch is a privatized venture name given to the former factory to avoid legal issues after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. Since the factory had no assembly branches outside Russia after 1991, its name is largely used today to refer to the building located in the lower eastern part of Moscow. The word ''moskvich'' (russian: москвич) itself translates as "a native of Moscow, a Moscovite". It was used to point out the original location of the cars manufactured there. History Early years In 1929, the construction of Moscow Automotive Plant began with initial production of 24,000 vehicles. Between 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moskvitch 402
The Moskvitch 402 is a compact car manufactured by the former Soviet automobile maker MZMA, first time introduced in 1956 as a second generation of the Moskvitch series. In comparison with its predecessor, the Moskvitch 401, Moskvitch-401, the M-402 model featured many improvements which included independent suspension with double wishbones, telescopic shock absorbers, 12-volt electrics, more solid and comfortable car body, more modern trunk, heater, standard car radio, wider viewing range for the driver, etc. Design The styling of the Moskvitch-402 followed the fashion set by similar-sized cars of its time such as the Hillman Minx#Minx Mark I to VIII (1945–57), Hillman Minx, Fiat 1100#1100–103, FIAT 1100, Ford_Prefect#100E_.281953.E2.80.9359.29, Ford Prefect 100E, Jowett Javelin, and Ford_Consul#Ford_Consul_Mk1_.281951.E2.80.931956.29, Ford Consul Mk1,Thompson, Andy. ''Cars of the Soviet Union'' (Haynes Publishing, Somerset, UK, 2008), p. 81. as well as by the larger GAZ-21 V ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moskvitch 412
The Moskvitch 412 (Moskvich 412, Москвич-412, M-412) is a large family car produced by Soviet/Russian manufacturer MZMA/ AZLK in Moscow from 1967 to 1975, and by IZh in Izhevsk from 1967 to 1982 (also known as IZh-412). It was a more powerful and prestigious version of the M-408 model, offering more features for a higher price. Design The Moskvitch 412 derived from the Moskvitch 408, differing in more powerful 1.5 engine. The earliest engines for the 412 were built in 1964. The Moskvitch 412 had a slanted (to a tilt of 20 degrees) inline-four engine with a block, head, and inlet manifold cast in aluminium alloy to keep the engine weight down, and a hemispherical combustion chamber. Steel cylinder liners were replaceable to enable easy repair of the engine instead of having to replace it entirely. Since it was of an OHC design, it was taller than the OHV MZMA-408 engine it replaced, which is why it was mounted at a slant. The UZAM-412 had a capacity of c.c. and developed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moskvitch 408
The Moskvitch-408 (also referred to as the Moskvich-408, and M-408) series is a large family car produced by the Soviet car manufacturer MZMA/AZLK between 1964 and 1975. The first prototype was made in 1960. The M-408, the first of the series, replaced the second generation Moskvitch 407 as the main production model; it had a longer wheelbase than the 407. Design work started in 1959, and the first prototype appeared in March 1961. The first production 408 was built 1 August 1964, and the 408 was given its official debut on October 21. First marketed body styles of the main version were a four-door saloon (base), five-door estate (the model M-426, an upgrade of second generation M-423 and M-424), and a three-door sedan delivery (the M-433, an upgrade of the second generation M-432 delivery pick-up). The IZh-408 was a duplicate version of the car made by IZh factory in Izhevsk from 1966 to 1967. It was then replaced in production by the M-412. In 1976, alongside the M-412, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AZLK
AZLK (''АЗЛК - Автомобильный завод имени Ленинского Комсомола'' in Russian, Avtomobilny Zavod imeni Leninskogo Komsomola) Soviet and Russian automobile manufacturer ( Moscow), the maker of the Moskvitch brand. History Founded in 1930 as KIM, or ''Communist Youth International'', the plant became MZMA (''Moscow Small Car Factory'') in 1939, before finally changing its name to the more familiar ''Avtomobilny Zavod imeni Leninskogo Komsomola'' (AZLK), literally " Leninist Communist Youth League Automobile Factory" in 1969. Beginning in 1939, the factory's passenger cars were sold under the ''Moskvitch'' (Muscovite, a person whose origin or place of residence is Moscow) brand. The plant was originally under the authority of Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod (GAZ – Gorky Automobile Factory) founded at about the same time, but by 1939 it was operationally independent. AZLK's role in the Soviet automotive industry was the production of small ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aleko
The Moskvitch-2141, also known under the trade name Aleko ( Russian: "АЛЕКО", derivative from the name of the automaker "Автомобильный завод имени Ленинского Комсомола", ''Avtomobilny zavod imeni Leninskogo Komsomola'', meaning "Automotive Factory of Lenin's Komsomol"), is a Russian mid-size car that was first announced in 1985 and sold in the Soviet Union and its successor states between 1986 and 1997 by the now defunct Moskvitch Company, based in Moscow, Russia. It was replaced by the modernised M-2141-02 Svyatogor and its sedan body version, the M-2142, in 1997–2003. The Aleko was a huge improvement over previous Moskvitch models, which were durable but old-fashioned sedans (saloons) and station wagons (estates) with rear-wheel drive and a solid rear axle, and had no common parts with them apart from the engine and some other minor details. Features The new car had such innovative features as front-wheel drive, a hatchback b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moskvitch 2140
Moskvitch 2140 series is large family car produced by Soviet automotive maker AZLK from January 1976 to 1988. It started first as Moskvitch 2138 and Moskvitch 2140 on a modified 412 platform. Pre-production models were shown during 1975. Starting in 1981, the modernised modification of the M-2140 export/luxury model was also designed and branded "2140 SL" in the Eastern Bloc countries and "1500 SL" outside. The most notable differences between the two models were redesigned dashboard and front seat headrests in the M-2140. Starting in 1982, the M-2138 models were discontinued and the M-2140 became the only Moskvitch cars available in all markets. It was face-lifted the same year: the shield logo was changed to feature "АЗЛК" (AZLK) written in metallic outline, the grille coating switched from metal to plastic, and both side mirrors were slightly redesigned to be less heavy. The station wagon variant M-2137 was the last of Soviet cars to still feature taillight fins to accom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moskvitch 400-420
The Moskvitch 400-420 is a car that was introduced in 1947 by the Soviet manufacturer Moskvitch. Background In 1940 and 1941 500 units of the KIM 10-50, the first Soviet compact car, were produced. It was inspired by the similar-sized four-door Ford Prefect and, despite its low price, equipped with such features as a mechanical clock and indicators of the level of oil and the temperature of water in the radiator. However, national priorities changed with the German invasion in summer 1941, and production of the car was halted and not resumed after the war. At war's end, the Soviet Union deemed the plans and tooling for the 1939 Opel Kadett K38 to be part of the war reparations package, since the tooling in the Rüsselsheim factory was largely intact; residents dismantled the Kadett production tooling and loaded fifty-six freight carsThompson, p.76. bound for Moscow and the newly built "Stalin Factory" (ZIS). However, according to recent Russian sources, the Kadett plans and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moskvitch 410
The Moskvitch 410 was an experimentally designed limited production car made by Soviet manufacturer MZMA from 1957 to 1961. Initially conceived as an economical and comfortable means of transport for agricultural machines' repairing teams, the 410 presented itself as a four wheel drive version of the Moskvitch 402 with a more powerful engine and higher ground clearance. In 1958, however, MZMA produced an upgraded station wagon variant on the same wheelbase, called Moskvitch 411. In total, only 7580 of model 410 and 1515 of model 411 were made.''Moskvitch-410'', Avtolegendy SSSR Nr.42, DeAgostini 2010, ISSN 2071-095X, The 410 was powered by a engine, but in 1958 upgraded to the 410N (in Russian: ''410Н''), fitted with a more modern unit, from Moskvitch 407. The 411, as well as its three-door variant 431, both featured engines and a weight increase to accommodate the C-segment. The production of both cars ceased in late 1961 as MZMA was aiming to adapt its main production of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
KIM-10
{{Infobox automobile , image = File:KIM-10-50 Moscow museum of transport.jpg , name = KIM-10 , manufacturer = KIM , production = 1940—1941 , layout = FR layout , predecessor = NAMI-1 Ford Model A , successor = Moskvitch 400 , class = Compact car , body_style = {{unbulleted list, 2-door sedan, 2-door phaeton, 4-door sedan , engine = 4-cyl., 4-stroke, 1170 cc, 30 hp , transmission = 3-speed manual , wheelbase = {{Convert, 2386, mm, in, 1, abbr=on , length = {{Convert, 3940, mm, in, 1, abbr=on , width = {{Convert, 1430, mm, in, 1, abbr=on , height = {{Convert, 1630, mm, in, 1, abbr=on , weight = {{Convert, 840, kg, lb, 0, abbr=on , related = KIM-10 was the first Soviet small car designed for large-scale mass production. History The very first passenger car designed in the Soviet Union, the NAMI-1, was supposed to combine the simplicity, light weight ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simca 1307
The Simca 1307 is a large family car produced by Chrysler Europe and subsequently PSA Peugeot Citröen from 1975 to 1986. Codenamed 'C6' in development, the car was styled in the United Kingdom by Roy Axe and his team at Whitley, and the car was engineered by Simca at Poissy in France. A modern, front-wheel drive hatchback, it was one of the earliest such cars in the class along with the Renault 20, Renault 30 and Volkswagen Passat, and became the 1976 European Car of the Year. It had been in development since 1972. The model was marketed variously as the Simca 1308 and 1309 models (with larger engines), Chrysler Alpine (UK, Ireland and New Zealand), Dodge Alpine (Colombia), Chrysler 150 (Spanish market), and later Talbot 1510 / Talbot Alpine / Talbot 150 (a facelifted version launched by PSA after its takeover of Chrysler Europe) and Talbot Solara (the saloon version). History Originally the car was powered by 1294 cc and 1442 cc versions of the "Poissy engine" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opel Olympia
The Opel Olympia is a compact car by German automaker Opel, then part of G.M., from 1935 to 1940, and after World War II continued from 1947 to 1953. It was one of the world's first mass-produced cars with a unitary body structure, after the 1934 Citroën Traction Avant; and it was a mass-production success, made in six-figure numbers. Opel achieved this even before the war, all while Hitler promised Germany a "Volkswagen" - a'' 'People's car','' which didn't materialize until 1946. From 1967-1970 the Olympia badge was briefly reused on a later car. The 1935 Olympia was Germany's first mass-produced car with an advanced all-metal unitary body - even a full monocoque in the case of the closed-roof saloon models. This for its time revolutionary technology supplanted the previously customary vehicle body, supported on top of a separate load-bearing chassis, reducing the car's weight by up to 180 kilograms (400 lb.) compared to its predecessor. Production of the unibody desig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Komsomol
The All-Union Leninist Young Communist League (russian: link=no, Всесоюзный ленинский коммунистический союз молодёжи (ВЛКСМ), ), usually known as Komsomol (; russian: Комсомол, links=no ()), a syllabic abbreviation of the Russian ), was a political youth organization in the Soviet Union. It is sometimes described as the youth division of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), although it was officially independent and referred to as "the helper and the reserve of the CPSU". The Komsomol in its earliest form was established in urban areas in 1918. During the early years, it was a Russian organization, known as the Russian Young Communist League, or RKSM. During 1922, with the unification of the USSR, it was reformed into an all-union agency, the youth division of the All-Union Communist Party. It was the final stage of three youth organizations with members up to age 28, graduated at 14 from the Young Pione ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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