, also known as , was a Japanese

daimyo were powerful Japanese magnates, feudal lords who, from the 10th century to the early Meiji period in the middle 19th century, ruled most of Japan from their vast, hereditary land holdings. They were subordinate to the shogun and nominally ...

who was known for his influence in the politics of the early Edo period. He was the third son of Tokugawa Yorifusa (who in turn was the eleventh son of Tokugawa Ieyasu) and succeeded him, becoming the second daimyo of the Mito Domain.

Biography

Tokugawa Mitsukuni was born on July 11, 1628, in Mito Domain, Hitachi Province as the third son of Tokugawa Yorifusa, the first daimyo of Mito Domain. His father was the eleventh son of Tokugawa Ieyasu, the founder and first

shogun , officially , was the title of the military dictators of Japan during most of the period spanning from 1185 to 1868. Nominally appointed by the Emperor, shoguns were usually the de facto rulers of the country, though during part of the Kamakur ...

of the Tokugawa shogunate. At the age of six, his elder brother Yorishige became valetudinarian, and Mitsukuni was chosen to succeed his father. At the age of nine, he underwent '' genpuku'' ( coming-of-age ceremony). He was responsible for assembling the Mitogaku scholars to compile a huge Japanese history, '' Dai Nihonshi''. In it, Japan was depicted as a nation under the Emperor, analogous to that in Chinese dynasties. This helped the rise of nationalism in the late shogunate and in the Mito Domain later. His childhood name was Chomaru (長丸) later become Chiyomatsu (千代松) this name was personally granted by his cousin and the shōgun, Tokugawa Iemitsu. In 1661, at age 34, he became the '' daimyō'' of the Mito Domain. He anticipated the forcible division of '' kami'' and Buddhas (''

shinbutsu bunri The Japanese term indicates the separation of Shinto from Buddhism, introduced after the Meiji Restoration which separated Shinto ''kami'' from buddhas, and also Buddhist temples from Shinto shrines, which were originally amalgamated. It is a ...

'') of 1868 ordering there the destruction of a thousand Buddhist temples and the construction of at least one shrine per village (. At age 63, he was awarded the court office of gon- chūnagon, or provisional middle counsellor. In 1691, he retired to his villa, ''Seizan-sō''. He directed at Zuisen-ji the creation of the very first guide to

Kamakura is a city in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. Kamakura has an estimated population of 172,929 (1 September 2020) and a population density of 4,359 persons per km² over the total area of . Kamakura was designated as a city on 3 November 1939. Kamak ...

, the Shinpen Kamakurashi. The book would have a profound influence on the city in the following centuries, an influence which continues to this day in names for parts of the city like Kamakura's Seven Mouths, Kamakura's Ten Bridges, and other such popular monikers he coined. In 1657 ('' Meireki 3'') at the age of 27, he married a daughter of the kampaku Konoe Nobuhiro. He was also known as a gourmet of the Edo period. He is claimed to be one of the first Japanese to eat ramen as well as routinely enjoying such exotic food as wine and yogurt. Mitsukuni had one son, who took the Matsudaira surname. Additionally, Mitsukuni adopted the son of an elder brother; this adopted son, Tokugawa Tsunaeda, became his heir. He died at his villa

Seizansō The , also known as the was the retirement villa of Tokugawa Mitsukuni, the second ''daimyō'' of Mito Domain under the Edo Period Tokugawa shogunate of Japan. It is located in the city of Hitachiōta, Ibaraki. The villa was designated a Nation ...

in 1701. He posthumously received the court rank of junior first rank (1869) and first rank (1900).Ponsonby-Fane, pp. 251–252. He is now considered to be a ''kami''.

Family

* Father: Tokugawa Yorifusa * Mother: Hisa later Kyushoin (1604-1662) * Wife: Hiroko (1638-1659) daughter of Konoe Nobuhiro * Concubine: Tamai-Dono * Son: Matsudaira Yoritsune (1652-1704) of Takamatsu Domain by Tamai

Mito Kōmon

During the latter half of the Edo period and the Meiji period, a kōdan (narrative tale) named "''Mito Mitsukuni Man'yūki''" fictionalized the travels of Tokugawa Mitsukuni. This tradition of dramatizing his life continued with a novel and, in 1951, the first television series to portray him as a wanderer, masquerading as a commoner, who castigated the evil powers in every corner of the nation. From 1969 to 2011, the TBS ran the series '' Mito Kōmon'', which continues to attract audiences in reruns. Episodes were re-broadcast in the early 1990s by WNYE-TV (New York City) under the title ''The Elder Lord of Mito''. Each summer, the city of Mito hosts the Mito Komon festival, which prominently features the Tokugawa seal, as well as actors representing Tokugawa Mitsukuni and his assistants.

Honours

* Senior First Rank (16 November 1900; posthumous)

Notes

References

* Brownlee, John S. (1997) ''Japanese Historians and the National Myths, 1600–1945: The Age of the Gods and Emperor Jimmu''. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press. *Brownlee, John S. (1991). ''Political Thought in Japanese Historical Writing: From Kojiki (712) to Tokushi Yoron (1712)''. Waterloo, Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press. * Iwao, Seiichi, Teizō Iyanaga, Susumu Ishii, Shōichirō Yoshida ''et al.'' (2002)
''Dictionnaire historique du Japon'' (Vol. I) (Vol. II).
Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose.
OCLC 51096469
* Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1962).
''Sovereign and Subject''.
Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. {{DEFAULTSORT:Tokugawa, Mitsukuni 1628 births 1701 deaths People of Edo-period Japan Lords of Mito Deified Japanese people